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Lizma Febrina
Mulawarman University
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Alkaloid Profiling of Kadamba (Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil.) Leaves through Chromatographic Separation and UV-Vis Spectrophotometery Analysis M. Arifuddin; Fatur Rahman Azmi; Iswahyudi Iswahyudi; Mahfuzun Bone; Harra Ismi Farrah; Hanggara Arifian; Maria Almeida; Arman Rusman; Erwin Samsul; Riki Riki; Hifdzur Rashif Rija'i; Baso Didik Hikmawan; Junaidin Junaidin; Lizma Febrina; Rolan Rusli; Arsyik Ibrahim; Islamudin Ahmad; Herman Herman
Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): J. Pharm. Nat. Sci.
Publisher : B-CRETA Publisher (CV. Borneo Citra Kreatama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70392/jpns.v2i3.44

Abstract

Mitragyna speciosa Korth. berasal dari famili Rubiaceae yang banyak tumbuh di daratan negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Tumbuhan ini selain disebut Kratom, khususnya di daerah Kalimantan Timur dikenal juga dengan nama "Kadamba". Mitragyna speciosa Korth. belongs to the Rubiaceae family and is widely found in the mainland of Southeast Asian countries. This plant, known as Kratom, is also referred to as "Kadamba" in East Kalimantan. Kadamba has been used for generations as a traditional medicine and contains predominantly alkaloid compounds, which generally function as analgesics, antitussives, antidiarrheals, adrenergic agents, antimalarials, antibacterials, and antinociceptives. The aim of this research is to determine the isolation and identification methods for alkaloid compounds in Kadamba leaves. In this study, extraction was performed using methanol solvent, followed by fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and Column Chromatography (CC) with gradient eluents: 100% hexane, n-hexane : Ethyl Acetate (5:1, 1:1, 1:5), 100% Ethyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate : Methanol (1:1, 1:5), and 100% Methanol. The compounds were then identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The isolation process used preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC) with eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate: 25% ammonia (6.5:3:0.5 v/v/v), and the spots were observed under UV light at 245 nm and 366 nm. The visible spots were sprayed with Dragendorff's reagent to identify the alkaloid compounds. The results showed that the UV-Vis spectrophotometric characterization of isolate B6-b had two peaks at wavelengths of 288 nm and 294 nm.
Evaluation of the Analgesic Potential of Bangle Rhizome (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Extract in Mice (Mus musculus) Yunanda Pratiwi Sakkung; Erwin Samsul; Maria Almeida; Lizma Febrina; Junaidin Junaidin; Herman Herman
Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): J Pharm Nat Sci
Publisher : B-CRETA Publisher (CV. Borneo Citra Kreatama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70392/jpns.v3i2.55

Abstract

Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used by local communities for various health conditions, including fever, stomach discomfort, constipation, and common cold symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of bangle rhizome extract in mice, determine the most effective dose for producing an analgesic response, and compare its analgesic efficacy with aspirin. The experimental animals were randomly allocated into six groups consisting of a normal control group, a negative control group receiving 0.5% NaCMC, a positive control group administered aspirin, and three treatment groups receiving bangle rhizome extract at doses of 150, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Analgesic activity was assessed using a chemical pain induction model in which 1% acetic acid was administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes after oral administration of the respective treatments. The number of writhing responses was recorded at 10-minute intervals over a 60-minute observation period. The findings demonstrated that the bangle rhizome extract exhibited analgesic activity by reducing the frequency of writhing responses in mice. Among the tested doses, 200 mg/kg body weight produced the most favorable analgesic effect. Furthermore, the analgesic activity observed at this dose was comparable to that produced by aspirin, suggesting that bangle rhizome extract has promising potential as a natural analgesic agent.
Secondary Metabolite Profiles and Antibacterial Activity of Mitragyna speciosa Leaf Extracts According to Vein Color Variation Lizma Febrina; Baso Didik Hikmawan; M. Diva Adyma
Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Sciences Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): J. Pharm. Nat. Sci.
Publisher : B-CRETA Publisher (CV. Borneo Citra Kreatama)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70392/jpns.v2i3.39

Abstract

Empirically, the three distinct color variants of M. speciosa leaves (red, white, and green) vein are widely utilized and reported to possess varying therapeutic properties. This difference in efficacy is hypothesized to be a direct consequence of variances in their respective secondary metabolite profiles. Given the limited research comprehensively characterizing these metabolites and assessing the comparative antibacterial activity of the three variants, this study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite groups present in the red, white, and green vein leaves and determine their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The methodology involved maceration extraction using 96% ethanol, followed by phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing via the agar well diffusion method across concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. The negative control (96% ethanol) and positive control (chloramphenicol) were simultaneously utilized. The results confirmed that all three vein samples contained major secondary metabolite groups, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins. Differential antibacterial activity was noted: the red vein extract showed the highest efficacy against S. typhi, achieving an inhibition zone of 4.68mm at 10%, while the green vein extract was most effective against S. aureus, with an inhibition zone of 5.00 mm at 10%. These findings definitively demonstrate a difference in antibacterial potency across the M. speciosa vein variants, collectively affirming their significant potential for development as antibacterial active agents.
Co-Authors Almeida, Maria Arman Rusman Arsyik Ibrahim Baso Didik Hikmawan Baso Didik Hikmawan Erwin Samsul Fatur Rahman Azmi Hanggara Arifian Harra Ismi Farrah Herman Herman Hifdzur Rashif Rija’i Islamudin Ahmad Iswahyudi Iswahyudi Junaidin Junaidin M. Arifuddin M. Diva Adyma Mahfuzun Bone Riki Riki Rolan Rusli Yunanda Pratiwi Sakkung