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Bioremediasi Limbah Cair Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Eco Enzim Fermentasi Kulit Buah Zairinayati, Zairinayati; Maftukhah, Nur Afni; Sabrina, Sabrina; Anggraini, Rahma Dwi
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 3 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.74082

Latar belakang: Kasus pencemaran air di Indonesia khususnya air limbah domestik merupakan masalah utama. Kontributor utama dari 68,5 juta ton sampah nasional yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2021 adalah sampah organik, menurut data SIPSN (Scientific Data Collection and Data Collection) Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK). Sekitar 1,3 miliar ton makanan terbuang setiap tahun di seluruh dunia, dan telah diamati bahwa air limbah rumah tangga memiliki pH yang cenderung di bawah standar 6 hingga 9 dan kadar COD hingga >1.000 mg/L, yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari standar 100 mg/L. Penggunaan eco enzim yang terbuat dari kulit buah fermentasi sebagai agen bioremediasi merupakan salah satu metode ramah lingkungan. Menguji dampak eco enzim yang berasal dari campuran kulit jeruk, nanas, dan pisang terhadap kualitas air limbah khususnya, parameter COD, TSS, nitrat, dan pH merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini.Metode Penelitian: adalah eksperimen dengan desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dosis eco enzim (5, 10, 15, dan 20 ml) dan lima kali ulangan berdasarkan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimental yang fokus pada pengujian pengaruh dosis eco enzim terhadap parameter kualitas air limbah. Eco enzim dibuat dari bahan organik yaitu kulit jeruk, kulit nanas, dan kulit pisang dengan rasio perbandingan 10 air : 3 bahan organik :1 gula merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-April 2025. Sampel limbah yang digunakan adalah limbah domestik yang diambil sebanyak 2 L. Jumlah total unit percobaan adalah 21 sampel, yang terdiri dari 20 perlakuan dan 1 kontrol. Fermentasi dilakukan selama tiga bulan, dan proses bioremediasi dilaksanakan selama delapan hari. Analisa data hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk data univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis.Hasil: Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada COD (p=0,012), nitrat (p=0,017), dan pH (p=0,009), namun tidak signifikan pada TSS (p=0,115). Dosis optimal adalah 5 dan 10 ml, karena memberikan hasil terbaik tanpa menurunkan pH secara ekstrem, hal ini tidak hanya didasarkan pada pencapaian nilai BML saja akan tetapi dari aspek stabilitas kualitas air. Pada dosis tersebut, penurunan COD dan nitrat signifikan, sementara nilai pH tetap berada dalam kisaran netral (6-8), yang aman bagi biota perairan. Berbeda dengan dosis 15 ml dan 20 ml, meskipun terjadi penurunan sebagian parameter, kondisi pH turun drastis hingga kisaran 3-4 yang berpotensi menimbulkan efek toksik bagi organisme akuatik, selain itu, dosis 5-10 ml tidak menimbulkan peningkatan signifikan pada TSS, sehingga tidak menambah beban padatan tersuspensi.Simpulan: eco enzim terbukti efektif dan ramah lingkungan dalam mengurangi pencemaran limbah cair rumah tangga. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat dapat menggunakan eco enzim sebagai solusi murah dan ramah lingkungan dan sebaiknya disaring sebelum digunakan agar tidak menambah kekeruhan air. ABSTRACT Title: Bioremediation of Domestic Wastewater using Fruit Peel Fermentation Eco EnzimeBackground: Water pollution in Indonesia, particularly domestic wastewater, is a major problem. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK)'s Scientific Data Collection (SIPSN) data, organic waste is the primary contributor to the 68.5 million tons of national waste generated in 2021. Approximately 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted annually worldwide, and domestic wastewater has been observed to have a pH that tends to be below the standard of 6 to 9 and COD levels of up to >1,000 mg/L, significantly higher than the standard of 100 mg/L. The use of eco-enzimes made from fermented fruit peels as bioremediation agents is an environmentally friendly method. The aim of this study was to test the impact of eco-enzimes derived from a mixture of orange, pineapple, and banana peels on wastewater quality, specifically COD, TSS, nitrate, and pH parameters.Methode: is an experiment with a research design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four eco enzime dosage treatments (5, 10, 15, and 20 ml) and five replications based on an experimental quantitative approach that focuses on testing the effect of eco enzime dosage on wastewater quality parameters. Eco enzime is made from organic materials, namely orange peel, pineapple peel, and banana peel with a ratio of 10 water: 3 organic materials: 1 brown sugar. The study was conducted in January-April 2025. The waste sample used was domestic waste taken as much as 2 L. The total number of experimental units was 21 samples, consisting of 20 treatments and 1 control. Fermentation was carried out for three months, and the bioremediation process was carried out for eight days. Analysis of research data is presented in the form of univariate and bivariate data using the Kruskal Wallis test.Result: The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences in COD (p=0.012), nitrate (p=0.017), and pH (p=0.009), but not significant in TSS (p=0.115). The optimal doses were 5 and 10 ml, because they provided the best results without reducing the pH drastically, this was not only based on the achievement of the BML value but also from the aspect of water quality stability. At these doses, the reduction in COD and nitrate was significant, while the pH value remained in the neutral range (6-8), which is safe for aquatic biota. In contrast to the doses of 15 ml and 20 ml, although there was a decrease in some parameters, the pH condition dropped drastically to the range of 3-4 which has the potential to cause toxic effects for aquatic organisms, in addition, the dose of 5-10 ml did not cause a significant increase in TSS, so it did not increase the suspended solids load.Conclusion: Eco enzimes are proven to be effective and environmentally friendly in reducing household wastewater pollution.

Bioremediasi Limbah Cair Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Eco Enzim Fermentasi Kulit Buah Zairinayati, Zairinayati; Maftukhah, Nur Afni; Sabrina, Sabrina; Anggraini, Rahma Dwi
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 24, No 3 (2025): Oktober 2025
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.74082

Latar belakang: Kasus pencemaran air di Indonesia khususnya air limbah domestik merupakan masalah utama. Kontributor utama dari 68,5 juta ton sampah nasional yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2021 adalah sampah organik, menurut data SIPSN (Scientific Data Collection and Data Collection) Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK). Sekitar 1,3 miliar ton makanan terbuang setiap tahun di seluruh dunia, dan telah diamati bahwa air limbah rumah tangga memiliki pH yang cenderung di bawah standar 6 hingga 9 dan kadar COD hingga >1.000 mg/L, yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari standar 100 mg/L. Penggunaan eco enzim yang terbuat dari kulit buah fermentasi sebagai agen bioremediasi merupakan salah satu metode ramah lingkungan. Menguji dampak eco enzim yang berasal dari campuran kulit jeruk, nanas, dan pisang terhadap kualitas air limbah khususnya, parameter COD, TSS, nitrat, dan pH merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini.Metode Penelitian: adalah eksperimen dengan desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dosis eco enzim (5, 10, 15, dan 20 ml) dan lima kali ulangan berdasarkan pendekatan kuantitatif eksperimental yang fokus pada pengujian pengaruh dosis eco enzim terhadap parameter kualitas air limbah. Eco enzim dibuat dari bahan organik yaitu kulit jeruk, kulit nanas, dan kulit pisang dengan rasio perbandingan 10 air : 3 bahan organik :1 gula merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-April 2025. Sampel limbah yang digunakan adalah limbah domestik yang diambil sebanyak 2 L. Jumlah total unit percobaan adalah 21 sampel, yang terdiri dari 20 perlakuan dan 1 kontrol. Fermentasi dilakukan selama tiga bulan, dan proses bioremediasi dilaksanakan selama delapan hari. Analisa data hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk data univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis.Hasil: Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada COD (p=0,012), nitrat (p=0,017), dan pH (p=0,009), namun tidak signifikan pada TSS (p=0,115). Dosis optimal adalah 5 dan 10 ml, karena memberikan hasil terbaik tanpa menurunkan pH secara ekstrem, hal ini tidak hanya didasarkan pada pencapaian nilai BML saja akan tetapi dari aspek stabilitas kualitas air. Pada dosis tersebut, penurunan COD dan nitrat signifikan, sementara nilai pH tetap berada dalam kisaran netral (6-8), yang aman bagi biota perairan. Berbeda dengan dosis 15 ml dan 20 ml, meskipun terjadi penurunan sebagian parameter, kondisi pH turun drastis hingga kisaran 3-4 yang berpotensi menimbulkan efek toksik bagi organisme akuatik, selain itu, dosis 5-10 ml tidak menimbulkan peningkatan signifikan pada TSS, sehingga tidak menambah beban padatan tersuspensi.Simpulan: eco enzim terbukti efektif dan ramah lingkungan dalam mengurangi pencemaran limbah cair rumah tangga. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah masyarakat dapat menggunakan eco enzim sebagai solusi murah dan ramah lingkungan dan sebaiknya disaring sebelum digunakan agar tidak menambah kekeruhan air. ABSTRACT Title: Bioremediation of Domestic Wastewater using Fruit Peel Fermentation Eco EnzimeBackground: Water pollution in Indonesia, particularly domestic wastewater, is a major problem. According to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK)'s Scientific Data Collection (SIPSN) data, organic waste is the primary contributor to the 68.5 million tons of national waste generated in 2021. Approximately 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted annually worldwide, and domestic wastewater has been observed to have a pH that tends to be below the standard of 6 to 9 and COD levels of up to >1,000 mg/L, significantly higher than the standard of 100 mg/L. The use of eco-enzimes made from fermented fruit peels as bioremediation agents is an environmentally friendly method. The aim of this study was to test the impact of eco-enzimes derived from a mixture of orange, pineapple, and banana peels on wastewater quality, specifically COD, TSS, nitrate, and pH parameters.Methode: is an experiment with a research design using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four eco enzime dosage treatments (5, 10, 15, and 20 ml) and five replications based on an experimental quantitative approach that focuses on testing the effect of eco enzime dosage on wastewater quality parameters. Eco enzime is made from organic materials, namely orange peel, pineapple peel, and banana peel with a ratio of 10 water: 3 organic materials: 1 brown sugar. The study was conducted in January-April 2025. The waste sample used was domestic waste taken as much as 2 L. The total number of experimental units was 21 samples, consisting of 20 treatments and 1 control. Fermentation was carried out for three months, and the bioremediation process was carried out for eight days. Analysis of research data is presented in the form of univariate and bivariate data using the Kruskal Wallis test.Result: The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences in COD (p=0.012), nitrate (p=0.017), and pH (p=0.009), but not significant in TSS (p=0.115). The optimal doses were 5 and 10 ml, because they provided the best results without reducing the pH drastically, this was not only based on the achievement of the BML value but also from the aspect of water quality stability. At these doses, the reduction in COD and nitrate was significant, while the pH value remained in the neutral range (6-8), which is safe for aquatic biota. In contrast to the doses of 15 ml and 20 ml, although there was a decrease in some parameters, the pH condition dropped drastically to the range of 3-4 which has the potential to cause toxic effects for aquatic organisms, in addition, the dose of 5-10 ml did not cause a significant increase in TSS, so it did not increase the suspended solids load.Conclusion: Eco enzimes are proven to be effective and environmentally friendly in reducing household wastewater pollution.

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Aerobic and Anaerobic Biofilter Processes on the Reduction of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in Domestic Wastewater Zairinayati; Aris Citra Wisuda; Norhashima Abd Rashid; Chun Hoe Tan
JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN Vol. 17 No. 4 (2025): JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkl.v17i4.2025.313-320

Introduction: Domestic wastewater significantly contributes to environmental degradation due to its elevated Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), indicating the concentration of organic contaminants that deplete oxygen in aquatic ecosystems. Biofilter-based treatment technologies, both aerobic and anaerobic, have emerged as sustainable alternatives; nonetheless, their comparative efficacy remains inadequately investigated. Discussion: This systematic study, adhering to PRISMA principles, evaluates the efficacy of aerobic and anaerobic biofilters in diminishing BOD levels in home wastewater. A thorough literature search utilizing Publish or Perish software across five databases Scopus, DOAJ, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar was conducted to find pertinent articles published from 2019 to 2025. Of the 1210 articles initially discovered, ten satisfied the inclusion criteria according to the PICOS framework. Research indicates that both aerobic and anaerobic systems markedly decrease BOD values. Aerobic biofilters provide quick organic matter decomposition and superior removal efficiency, while anaerobic systems are beneficial for energy conservation and diminished sludge production. Numerous studies underscore the improved effectiveness of hybrid or sequential biofilter systems, demonstrating a synergistic impact when both approaches are utilized together. Conclusion: Both aerobic and anaerobic biofilters effectively reduce BOD levels in home wastewater. Hybrid systems offer a notably advantageous solution by amalgamating the qualities of both methods. Future study must concentrate on refining operational parameters and assessing the long-term scalability of integrated biofilter technology to enhance sustainable wastewater management.

Hubungan Lama Kerja dan Penggunaan APD terhadap Kejadian ISPA pada Pekerja PT. Cakra Indo Pratama (CIP) Site Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim Zairinayati; Muhammad Hafizd Al Razi
jurnal kesehatan terapan sains dan teknologi Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Journal Health Applied Science And Technology (JHAST)
Publisher : IKesT Muhammadiyah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52523/jhast.v2i1.37

Background: Work duration of more than 5 years has a risk of experiencing symptoms of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory infections are upper or lower tract diseases, usually infectious and cause various diseases that range from asymptomatic diseases or mild infections to severe and deadly diseases, the need for efforts for occupational safety in PT. CIP workers, Personal Protective Equipment is one of the last efforts for the company to protect its workforce from factors and potential hazards. The purpose of the study: To determine the relationship between length of work and the use of personal protective equipment to acute respiratory infections in PT. CIP field workers. Research Methods: Quantitative type research using analytical observations with a cross-sectional study approach. Results: research using Chi-Square found that the relationship between length of work with the incidence of acute respiratory infections obtained a p value = 0.391, between the use of personal protective equipment with the incidence of , acute respiratory infections obtained a p value = 0.001. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between length of work and the incidence of acute respiratory infections, while there is a significant relationship between the use of personal protective equipment and the incidence of acute respiratory infections.

Pendampingan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat melalui Gerakan Toilet Sekolah Ramah Anak di SD Muhammadiyah Balayuda Palembang Zairinayati, Zairinayati
Khidmah Vol 6 No 2 (2024): Khidmah
Publisher : IKesT Muhammadiyah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52523/khidmah.v6i2.508

Healthy schools are something that is very necessary in creating a healthy and strong generation, one of which is toilet conditions. Adequate toilets, both in terms of number, appearance and facilities, have a significant impact on students' psychology. The aim of this community service is to increase school students' knowledge of using toilets and create child-friendly toilets. The implementation method is carried out by counseling using poster media and evaluation to determine the success of education for school children. At the end of the activity, the service team provided equipment for the school toilet, namely trash boxes with lids, hand washing soap, toilet tissue and slippers. The results of the activity were carried out on November 18 2023 in the Muhammadiyah Balayudha High School building in Palembang, attended by 20 grade 11 students. The material presented outlined 10 indicators of healthy toilets in terms of number, appearance and facilities including clean, bright, available tissue and soap, fragrant, dry, available running water, not slippery, available trash box, larva-free water tank. Participants were enthusiastic about taking part in this activity because each class in their school was equipped with toilet facilities. The conclusion of this activity is good information and input for the school in maintaining student health, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of toilet cleanliness and comfort.

Mutu sensorik dan kandungan protein kue kering tepung ikan gabus (Channa striata) Novianty; Zairinayati; Suzanna, Ema
jurnal kesehatan terapan sains dan teknologi Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Journal Health Applied Science And Technology (JHAST)
Publisher : IKesT Muhammadiyah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52523/jhast.v4i1.90

Background: Cookies are cookies made from small-sized wheat flour, have a sweet taste, dense and crunchy texture. Cookies are made from low-protein flour. The protein content comes from a mixture of margarine and flour in small amounts, therefore it is necessary to make modifications in the form of protein fortification from other sources, one of which is snakehead fish flour. Research Objective: to analyze the sensory quality and protein content of snakehead fish flour cookies (Chana striata). Research Method: The method used in the study is an experimental method with a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment. Treatment of the ratio of snakehead fish flour and wheat flour in making cookies, namely P1 0% (snakehead fish flour): 100% (wheat flour), P2 25% (snakehead fish flour): 75% (wheat flour), P3 30% (snakehead fish flour): 70% (wheat flour). Results: The analysis results showed that there were significant differences in sensory quality with a comparison of each treatment and there were significant differences in protein content with a comparison of each treatment. Conclusion: The control formulation (P0) was 65.4 and the highest protein content was in the 25% formula (P2) at 15.13%.

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