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Journal : Legal Protection for the Partnership Agreement Parties

LAYERED HYBRID MODEL IN CRIMINAL RESOLUTION: Integrating Epkeret and State Law Under Legal Pluralism in Indonesia Saimima, Judy Marria; Laturette, Adonia Ivonne; Titahelu, Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs; Akyuwen, Rory Jeff
Al-Risalah Vol 26 No 1 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30631/alrisalah.v26i1.2180

Abstract

The ratification of the New Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) marks a paradigm shift towards restorative justice by recognizing the fulfillment of customary obligations as a valid criminal sanction. However, the absence of procedural technical guidelines creates a significant gap in the integration of customary law into the formal justice system, which could lead to legal uncertainty. This study aims to develop an operational framework using a “Layered Hybrid Model” to bridge customary criminal law and state law without violating human rights. Using sociological-legal methods and empirical data from South Buru Island, Maluku, as well as comparative analysis of customary courts in New Zealand and Canada, this study formulates a two-tiered mechanism. The first tier places customary law (Epkeret) as the primum remedium for social restoration, while the second tier establishes state law as the ultimum remedium for serious crimes. This article offers the first operational institutional design for customary criminal justice in Indonesia by proposing a State-Community Validation Forum as a constitutional filter mechanism. This model encourages a transition from weak legal pluralism to “strong and controlled legal pluralism,” ensuring that customary justice is constitutionally valid and operationally applicable in a modern criminal justice system. 
Co-Authors Achmad Fitrian Adonia Ivonne Laturette Akhmad Iqbal Jihad Masuku Akyuwen, Rory Jeff Andries, Desebrina Lupitha Carolina Tuhumury Corputty, Patrick Denny Latumaerissa Denny Latumaerissa Elias Zadrach Leasa Elias Zadrack Leasa Elsa Rina Maya Toule Elvira Liminanto Elvira Liminanto Erwin Ubwarin Esther Kembauw, Esther Faathir Fedayan Fitrian, Achmad Gabriel Makatita H.Z. Wadjo Hadibah Zachra Wadjo Hadibah Zachra Wadjo Hadibah Zachra Wadjo Hadibah Zachra Wadjo Hanisa Sokanfuti Harly Clifford Jonas Salmon Harly Clifford Jonas Salmon Hasanudin, Dahlia Holdrin Nahumury Ika Dwimaya Roz Intan Saripa Uweng Iwan, Bintang R Jefferson Meiggers Herrenauw Jetty Martje Patty Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs Titahelu Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs Titahelu Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs Titahelu Kabanga, Yoshua Andres Latumaerissa, Denny Latupeirissa, Julianus Edwin Laturette, Adonia Ivonne Leonie Lokollo Lewerissa, Yanti Amelia Matheis Randy Mustamu Matrutty, Ruth Gracia Imanuela Mega Sofia Tawainella Meliezer, Stevanno Muammar Muammar, Muammar Nancy Silvana Haliwela Patrick Corputty Patty, Jetty Pricilya Melany Anthonio Reimon Supusepa Roz, Ika Dwimaya Ruth Gracia Imanuela Matrutty Salamor, Yonna Beatrix Salmon, Harly Clifford J Salmon, Harly Clifford Jonas Sherly Adam Sidebang, Ledyana Olipia Silooy, Revi Wilhelmina Sopacua, Margie Gladies Sopacua, Margie Gladis Sujud, Muhammad Satrio Taufik Sabenjara Kalidupa Taufik, Iqbal Titahelu, Juanrico Alfaromona Sumaresz Titahelu, Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs Toule, Elsa Rina Maya Usmany, Jesisca Gloria Veren Martha Habel Wadjo, H.Z. Wadjo, Hadibah Zachra Wilshen Leatemia Zacilasi Wasia Zacilasi Wasia