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All Journal Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam Al-MARSHAD: Jurnal Astronomi Islam dan Ilmu-Ilmu Berkaitan Journal of Dedicators Community ELFALAKY: Jurnal Ilmu Falak Jurnal Altifani Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Al-Hilal: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Al-Afaq: Jurnal Ilmu Falak dan Astronomi Astroislamica: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Fastabiq: Jurnal Studi Islam Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam FAWAID: Sharia Economic Law Review Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Proceeding of the International Conference on Law and Human Rights
Muhammad Himmatur Riza
Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said Surakarta
Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Between Theology and History: Re-evaluating the Solar Eclipse Narrative in the Karbala Tragedy through Islamic Historiography and Astronomy Riza, Muhammad Himmatur; Rofiuddin, Ahmad Adib; Ardliansyah, Moelki Fahmi; Wardani, Restu Trisna; Firdiansyah, Ahmad Roihan
Mawaddah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Islam Vol 4 No 1 (2026): Mei
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52496/mjhki.v4i1.41

Abstract

This study critically examines the widely circulated claim that a solar eclipse occurred on the day of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAli’s martyrdom during the Karbala tragedy (10 Muḥarram 61 AH / 10 October 680 CE). While the narrative appears in classical sources such as Tārīkh al-Khulafā’ by al-Suyuthi, it has rarely been subjected to rigorous interdisciplinary verification. This research addresses that gap by integrating historical-textual criticism with astronomical data analysis. Using a qualitative library-based approach, the study evaluates the reliability of the narrative through isnād and matn criticism, while cross-referencing it with NASA eclipse records and Stellarium simulations. The findings demonstrate that no solar eclipse occurred or was observable in the region on the stated date, thereby contradicting the historical claim. This suggests that the eclipse narrative functions primarily as a symbolic and theological construct rather than an empirical event. The study contributes to Islamic historiography by emphasizing the importance of methodological integration between traditional scholarship and modern scientific tools, offering a clearer distinction between symbolic religious narratives and historically verifiable facts.
Co-Authors Ahmad Adib Rofiuddin Ahmad Izzuddin Ahmad Izzuddin Andi Mardian Ardliansyah, Moelki Fahmi Arsyita Baiti Musfiroh Basir, Sayidah Asma Chamami, Mukhamad Rikza Djamaluddin, Thomas Fairuz Sabiq Firdiansyah, Ahmad Roihan Fitriyani Fitriyani Hidayah, Vika Rachmania Ida Ayu Putu Sri Widnyani Masjupri Masjupri Moh Yusuf Faizin Mubarok, Muhamad Zaki Muflihun, Muhammad Muhammad Habibur Rahman MUHAMMAD HUSNI MUBAROK Nihayatul Minani Rahman, Muhammad Habibur Restu Trisna Wardani Sari, Friska Linia Syamkhotsaa, Wellaa Wardani, Restu Trisna