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SHIELDING, SAFETY ZONING, WORK ROTATION, AND PERSONAL MONITORING FOR RF-EMF EXPOSURE REDUCTION IN RADAR-RELATED OCCUPATIONS: AN BAYESIAN NETWORK META-ANALYSIS BASED ON RECONSTRUCTED STUDY-LEVEL COMPARATIVE DATA Muhammad Sobri Maulana; Dwitia Pratiwi; Arditya Prayogi; Nur Priyanto; tutiaditama; Anwar Hendro
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 4 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Keempat
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/n1dfbj84

Military and radar workplaces can expose personnel to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), especially during maintenance, proximity to transmitting elements, or poorly controlled duty cycles. Published occupational surveys suggest that routine radar exposures are usually below occupational limits, but hotspot scenarios and accidental overexposure remain plausible. To compare four workplace RF-EMF mitigation strategies relevant to radar-related occupationsshielding, safety zoning, work rotation, and personal monitoringusing an Bayesian network meta-analysis (BNMA). A structured scoping review of authoritative guidance and occupational exposure literature was used to define intervention nodes, realistic operating ranges, and the primary outcome: time-weighted RF-EMF exposure expressed as a fraction of the applicable occupational limit. A reconstructed dataset of 14 two-arm comparative studies was analyzed using a Bayesian random-effects network model with weakly informative priors and 50,000 posterior draws obtained through numerical integration over between-study heterogeneity. As results, shielding produced the largest reduction versus usual practice (mean difference -16.0 percentage points of the occupational limit, 95% credible interval [CrI] -19.5 to -12.4), followed by safety zoning (-11.0, 95% CrI -14.6 to -7.4), work rotation (-7.7, 95% CrI -11.3 to -4.2), and personal monitoring (-7.3, 95% CrI -11.0 to -3.7). Shielding had a 99.2% probability of being the best intervention and a SUCRA of 0.998. Posterior between-study heterogeneity was low (mean tau 0.011; 95% CrI 0.001 to 0.033). In this framework, engineering control through shielding outperformed administrative and surveillance-based strategies, while safety zoning was the strongest non-engineering option. Because the evidence network is reconstructed rather than derived from a mature corpus of comparative field trials, the findings should be used for prioritization, teaching, and local study designnot for direct regulatory adoption without site-specific measurements.

BUDGET EVALUATION AS A BASIS FOR IMPROVING BUDGET QUALITY Cherry Jelita Saugi; Rita Kusuma Astuti; Pascalis Danny Kristi Wibowo; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Anwar Hendro; Tutidikatama; Firmansyah
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 3 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Ketiga
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/49psd991

This study aims to analyze the role of budget evaluation as a basis for improving budgeting quality in public sector organizations. The study applies a qualitative approach using a literature review method covering 15 scientific articles on budget evaluation, performancebased budgeting, budget effectiveness and efficiency, accountability, internal control systems, human resource quality, and the use of budgeting information systems. The data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis involving identification, reduction, coding, thematic classification, and interpretation. The findings indicate that budget evaluation contributes to identifying discrepancies between plans and realization, assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of fund utilization, improving the clarity of performance indicators, and strengthening budget accountability. Budgeting quality is also influenced by human resource competence, data quality, integration between planning and budgeting, information system utilization, and internal control. The main constraints include inaccurate performance indicators, low budget absorption, limited staff capacity, system disruptions, and weak utilization of evaluation results as feedback. The study concludes that budget evaluation should be conducted periodically, supported by reliable data, and followed up in the preparation of the next budgeting period to produce a more effective, efficient, measurable, transparent, and results-oriented budgeting process.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMIGRATION SUPERVISIONIN DETECTING MARRIAGESOF CONVENIENCE AS A MODE OF RESIDENCE PERMIT VIOLATION Yasmin Iftina Rachmi; Koesmoyo Ponco Aji; Sohirin; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Anwar Hendro; Tutidikatama; Yenni Astuti
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 3 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Ketiga
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/4vyjg393

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of immigration supervision in detec ting marriages of convenience as a form of residence permit violation. The study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review of 15 scientific articles discussing sham marriages, foreign national supervision, residence permit abuse, immigration law enforcement, and interagency coordination. The data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis involving identification, reduction, coding, thematic classification, comparison of findings, and conclusion drawing. The results show that immigration supervision is conducted through administrative examination and field supervision. Early detection may be carried out by assessing document validity, consistency of the spouses’ statements, relationship history, age differences, family backgrounds, cohabitation, and the purpose of marriage. The effectiveness of supervision remains constrained by difficulties in proving the parties’ intentions, limited human resources, broad supervisory areas, weak coordination, low public participation, and the absence of standardized examination indicators. Supervision can be strengthened through layered verification, in-depth interviews, inter-agency data exchange, reinforcement of the Foreigners Monitoring Team, and post-permit monitoring. The study concludes that immigration supervision plays an important role in preventing the misuse of marriage as a means of obtaining residence permits, but its implementation must be strengthened to become more systematic, measurable, and sustainable.

LEGAL RECONSTRUCTION OF ALTERNATIVES TO DETENTION (ATD) INTHE INDONESIAN IMMIGRATION DETENTION SYSTEM: INTERNATIONALAND LOCAL PERSPECTIVES Muhammad Davel Ramadhasyena Davidsonputra; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Anwar Hendro; Tutidikatama; Hendri Himawan; Muchammad Furqon
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 3 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Ketiga
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/tqa5rz83

This study aims to analyze the legal framework of Alternatives to Detention (AtD) in the international immigration system and compare it with the immigration detention system in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study also aims to formulate a legal reconstruction model for AtD that is suitable for application in the Indonesian immigration detention system, taking into account the juridical, institutional, and socio-cultural aspects. The research method used is normative-doctrinal legal research, with a legislative, conceptual, comparative, and case-based approach. Data were collected through documentation studies, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and case studies of the implementation of AtD in other countries such as Australia, Belgium, Canada, and Thailand. The data analysis techniques used are qualitative and comparative analysis to evaluate Indonesia's immigration detention policy and the opportunities and challenges of AtD implementation. The results of the study indicate that although Indonesia has adopted several international principles related to human rights, the application of AtD in the Indonesian immigration system is still very limited. This study recommends regulatory changes, institutional strengthening, and public education to create acceptance for refugees and immigrants. A more comprehensive implementation of AtD can improve the immigration system to be more humane, effective, and in line with international standards.

DETENTION OF FOREIGN NATIONALS IN THE SEMARANGBANGLADESHI FAKE VISA CASE AS AN IMPLEMENTATION OFIMMIGRATION LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA Virda Anika Wahyuni; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Anwar Hendro; Hendri Himawan; Tutidikatama; Muchammad Furqon
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 3 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Ketiga
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/twqh0f36

This study aims to analyze detention practices regarding foreign nationals (WNA) in the case of a forged visa used by Ruhilul Amin, a Bangladeshi national who entered Indonesia using documents inconsistent with immigration databases; the discrepancy was only detected when he applied for a residence permit extension at the Class I Special Immigration Office (TPI) in Semarang. Findings indicate that multi-layered administrative checks—including visa code verification, document metadata analysis, and biometric screening—served as the primary mechanisms for identifying data mismatches that pointed to suspected document forgery. The study also highlights the pivotal role of "Operation Jagratara Phase II" in identifying RA as the sole violator subjected to *pro justicia* proceedings, with detention utilized as an administrative instrument to ensure the continuity of the investigation in accordance with Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach and the theoretical framework of Global Governance, the study concludes that immigration law enforcement relies on the integration of digital checks, field operations, and detention authority; it further emphasizes the need to strengthen data-based verification systems to minimize opportunities for document forgery within modern migration systems.

IMMIGRATION SERVICE AND POLICY EVALUATIONBASED ON PUBLIC SENTIMENT:A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Al Raya Achmad Abimanyu; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Anwar Hendro; Muchammad Furqon; Tutidikatama; Kurniawan
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 3 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Ketiga
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/5dt4bb46

This study aims to map research trends regarding sentiment analysis and public opinion within the immigration ecosystem. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology was employed, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 protocol guidelines. Digital transformation through the implementation of Electronic Government (E-Government) has brought about fundamental changes in immigration administration and services. Amidst this modernization, public opinion and sentiment captured on digital platforms serve as crucial indicators for evaluating service quality and the effectiveness of state regulations. Following processes of searching, screening, and eligibility assessment, 19 key studies published within the last five years were selected for synthesis. Data extraction results indicate that the application of sentiment analysis in the immigration sector can be classified into four primary dimensions: (1) evaluation of public service innovations and E-Government, (2) law enforcement and border security, (3) social dynamics and international humanitarian issues, and (4) socio-economic and tourism impacts. The study concludes that public sentiment-based evaluation serves not only to measure the performance of digital applications but also acts as an objective instrument for the government.This is essential for reconstructing adaptive immigration policies that balance service convenience (prosperity approach) with the preservation of state sovereignty (security approach).

INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRATION ADMINISTRATION AND NATIONALPOLICE INFORMATION SYSTEMS TO ENHANCE SERVICE QUALITY Nabila Nasywa Armita Siahaan; Pascalis Danny Kristi Wibowo; Rita Kusuma Astuti; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Anwar Hendro; Tutidikatama; Hendri Himawan; Ida Farida
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 3 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Ketiga
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/mac61394

This study aims to analyze how the integration of the Immigration Administration Information System and the information system of the Indonesian National Police can improve service quality. The increasing intensity of human activities and cross-border mobility requires the state to ensure immigration services are fast and precise. These services are also expected to be accurate and secure to support supervision when dealing with immigration-related risks. This study was initially conducted based on the finding that inter-agency coordination remains suboptimal and that the existing regulations are not yet sufficiently appropriate. Therefore, the study employed a qualitative approach using a literature review method based on 15 scientific articles. The data were analyzed through content and thematic analysis before the final conclusions were drawn. The findings show that the proper integration of immigration and police information systems can improve inspection accuracy and strengthen service coordination. The analysis also confirms that successful integration does not depend solely on technology, but also requires attention to several elements, including appropriate regulations and the accuracy of officers in carrying out their duties. In addition, cybersecurity measures are needed to prevent data breaches and unauthorized access. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that information system integration is a strategic step toward achieving immigration services that are more effective, efficient, and accountable.

IMPLICATIONS OF THE BAWEAN INCIDENT ON THE URGENCY OF THE AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT BILL: A NATIONAL AIR MOBILITY MANAGEMENT AND REGULATION PERSPECTIVE Yosua Sabar Panjaitan; Rizki Karo Karo; Andri Gandhy; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Tutidikatama; Firmansyah; Anwar Hendro
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 4 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Keempat
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/9ser4f21

The 2003 Bawean Incident, where two Indonesian Air Force (TNI AU) F-16 aircraft intercepted a US Navy F/A-18 Hornet jet on an air cover mission, demands an in-depth analysis of the alignment between Indonesia’s national airspace regulations and international air security practices. The enactment of Law No. 21 of 2025 on Airspace Management (UU PRU) marks a historical milestone in addressing this legal uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the implications of the Bawean Incident on the passage of UU PRU and examine the juridical challenges in completing its implementing regulations (RPP, Permenhub, Perpang TNI, and Perkasau) postenactment. Using a qualitative descriptive approach through literature review, this research examines air navigation coordination weaknesses and legal fragmentation. The results indicate that UU PRU successfully integrates civil aviation safety and national defense under a single legal umbrella. However, its effectiveness heavily relies on the timely drafting of derivative regulations targeted for late 2027. The major conclusion asserts the urgency of establishing an inter-agency acceleration team to overcome coordination barriers and ensure operational legal certainty across the Indonesian archipelago.

ANALYSIS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF VIRTUALIZATION-BASED SERVER INFRASTRUCTURE USING PROXMOX VE TO SUPPORT INFORMATION SERVICES AT NASPCI Asep Syaefudin; Andri Gandhy; Nur Priyanto; Suroso; Tutidikatama; Kurniawan; Anwar Hendro; Firmansyah
Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Vol 5 No 4 (2026): Jurnal TNI Angkatan Udara Triwulan Keempat
Publisher : Staf Komunikasi dan Elektronika, TNI Angkatan Udara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62828/tn8nww51

This study aims to analyze infrastructure requirements, implement a virtualization-based standalone server using Proxmox VE, test infrastructure performance, and evaluate the implementation results using the PIECES framework. The National Air & Space Power Center of Indonesia (NASPCI) previously relied on commercial shared hosting to support its website-based information services. This arrangement limited administrative control, configuration flexibility, and resource management, while also creating a dependency on third-party service providers. The study employs the Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) methodology, encompassing the stages of analysis, design, simulation/prototyping, implementation, monitoring, and management. The implemented infrastructure comprises Proxmox VE 8.4.19, an Ubuntu Server 20.04.6 LTS virtual machine, Nginx, PHP 7.4.3, MariaDB 10.3.39, CodeIgniter 3, GitHub, and Cloudflare Tunnel. Testing covered connectivity, web service access, CPU, RAM, storage, uptime, response time, and core website functionality. Results showed 0% packet loss for Proxmox VE and Ubuntu Server, an HTTP 200 status for both local and public HTTPS access, an average response time of 0.108 seconds, CPU usage of approximately 6.2%, available memory of around 1.5 GiB, and 30% root storage utilization. The PIECES evaluation demonstrated improvements in administrative control, resource flexibility, management efficiency, and the independence of information services. This research contributes by implementing a Proxmox VE standalone server to replace shared hosting, subjecting it to technical testing and comprehensive evaluation within the context of the non-profit organization NASPCI.

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