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All Journal MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Jurnal Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Ong, Paulus Anam
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences

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COMPARISON OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION BETWEEN FIRST ISCHEMIC STROKE AND RECURRENT ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS Rizkia, Fildza Intan; Calista, Chandra; Gunadharma, Suryani; Hermawan, Asep Nugraha; Amalia, Lisda; Ong, Paulus Anam
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2022.008.01.7

Abstract

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common condition that may affect up to 50% of stroke patients. Post stroke cognitive impairment is associated with reduced quality of life, which may increase the number of dependency. Recurrent stroke may happen in approximately 25% patients and they have higher rates of cognitive impairment.Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the comparison of cognitive function between first ischemic stroke and recurrent ischemic stroke patients in Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung.Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional study using the data recruited between the year 2012 - 2016 at the Department of Neurology at the Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. The data collected in this study were demographic data, including age, level of education, and residence, and the clinical data as well. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The comparison between the cognitive function between both groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test.Results: There were 428 subjects eligible for this study, with 207 subjects categorized as first ischemic stroke group and 221 subjects categorized as recurrent ischemic stroke group. There was a statistically significant difference in MMSE scores between the first ischemic stroke patients (24.90 ± 4.64) and recurrent ischemic stroke patients (22.85 ± 4.64 ) with a p value of 0.002.Conclusion: Recurrent ischemic stroke patients had lower MMSE scores than the first ischemic stroke patients. Clinicians should be more aware in detecting early cognitive impairment in stroke patients and in preventing the incidence of recurrent stroke.
Psychometric Properties of the Trail-Making Test in Dementia Population Wahyudi, Rahmadi Maulana Kusuma; Victoriana, Evany; Kuntari, C.M. Indah Soca R.; Ong, Paulus Anam; Sulastri, Augustina; Luijtelaar, Gilles van
Jurnal Psikologi Vol 52, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpsi.99403

Abstract

The trail-making test (TMT) is a commonly used executive function test in various populations worldwide. It is also used to assess the dementia population, who experience impairment in executive function. In Indonesia, the psychometric properties of TMT for local populations have been reported to be satisfactory. However, there was a lack of studies on the validity and reliability of the TMT for the dementia population. In this study, we examined the validity and reliability of TMT and established population-specific norms for dementia. We analyzed data from 71 TMT scores and three other neuropsychological tests (DSST, DS test, and MOCA) to examine its psychometric properties. The internal consistency analysis was used to assess the reliability of the TMT, while the generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) was conducted to examine TMT’s validity in assessing executive function. The reliability test indicated that the TMT has high reliability (ω = 0.639), while GSCA revealed that TMT has high construct validity with three other neuropsychological tests (TMT-A=0.72 and TMT-B=0.573). Additionally, this study provides standardized norms of TMT for the dementia population.
Association between Handgrip Strength and Oral Hygiene Skills Among The Older People in Rural Area: A Pilot Study Sari, Kartika Indah; Rizki, Friska Nur; Komara, Ira; Ong, Paulus Anam; Purba, Ambrosius; Widyaputra, Sunardhi
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 4 No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

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Abstract

Introduction: The aging process is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength. It causes the deterioration of handgrip muscles. Diminishing handgrip strength can impact the activities of daily life, including the maintenance of oral hygiene. A toothbrush handle must be gripped firmly enough to remove plaque. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine handgrip muscle strength and oral hygiene skills in the elderly. Methods: This study was a correlational analysis using a cross-sectional study design with a consecutive sampling technique of the elderly. The study was conducted in the rural village of Sinartanjung, Banjar, West Java, Indonesia. Handgrip strength was measured twice using an Electronic Hand Dynamometer Camry EH 101. Oral hygiene skills were assessed using the O'Leary plaque index to measure plaque control. Data were presented in tables and as percentages. A non-parametric statistical Spearman rank test was used to measure the correlation between handgrip strength and oral hygiene skill. Results: Forty-two the elderly people participated in this study, 31 females (73.80%) and 11 males (26.19%). The average handgrip strength was in the normal category (19.80 ± 7.2) kg and the average plaque index was in the moderate category (0.34 ± 0.16). The Spearman rank correlation test showed a significant correlation between handgrip strength and oral hygiene skills, r=0.521, p=0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Maintained handgrip strength in the elderly ensures an adequate toothbrush grip, thereby improving oral hygiene skills and increasing the amount of plaque that can be removed.
Differences in handgrip strength and tooth loss between cognitively normal and impaired elderly: cross-sectional study Syamila, Rahmi Hasna; Sari, Kartika Indah; Balafif, Felisha Febriane; Gondowidjojo, Yolanda Dwiutami; Ong, Paulus Anam
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no3.62743

Abstract

Introduction: The aging process in elderly individuals triggers changes in the brain that can lead to a decline in cognitive function, impacting quality of life. Age-related physiological changes affect the muscles around the oral cavity and the musculoskeletal system. These changes manifest as a decrease in the mass and strength of the chewing muscles. Tooth loss further exacerbates the ability to chew. This study aims to analyze differences in handgrip strength and tooth loss between cognitively normal and impaired elderly. Methods: Observational analytic with cross-sectional design using the Mann-Whitney comparative significance test and independent sample t-test with a significance level of p<0.05 was conducted. A purposive sampling technique was applied to a population residing in Dago Village, Bandung. The inclusion criteria included elderly individuals aged ≥60 years, both male and female, able to communicate effectively, and willing to participate in the study by signing an informed consent form. Cognitive function was assessed through interviews using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), along with an examination of the number of missing teeth and hand grip strength measured with the Electronic Hand Dynamometer (Camry EH101). Analyzed data used the Mann–Whitney test. Results: A total of 34 subjects met the inclusion criteria from the total population of 71 older adults examined. The independent sample t-test for handgrip strength showed that elderly individuals with cognitive impairment had weaker handgrip strength (mean=14.250, SD=5.0285) compared to cognitively normal individuals (mean=22.281, SD=6.0204), with a p-value of 0.0001 (p<0.05). The Mann–Whitney test results for tooth loss indicated that elderly individuals with cognitive impairment experienced greater tooth loss (range=11–32 teeth, mean=20.78) compared to cognitively normal individuals (range=0–10 teeth, mean=13.81), with a p-value of 0.041 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There are differences in hand grip strength and tooth loss were found between cognitively normal and impaired elderly.
Co-Authors Ambrosius Purba Balafif, Felisha Febriane Calista, Chandra Evany Victoriana Gondowidjojo, Yolanda Dwiutami Gunadharma, Suryani Hermawan, Asep Nugraha Ira Komara, Ira Kuntari, C.M. Indah Soca R. Lisda Amalia Luijtelaar, Gilles van Rizki, Friska Nur Rizkia, Fildza Intan Sari, Kartika Indah Sulastri, Augustina Sunardhi Widyaputra Syamila, Rahmi Hasna Wahyudi, Rahmadi Maulana Kusuma