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FROM DOMESTIC TO PUBLIC: THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT DISCOURSE IN SAUDI ARABIA’S VISION 2030 Ainurrofiq, Faiq; Khasanah, Nurul
AKADEMIKA: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Vol 29 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32332/akademika.v29i1.7755

The involvement of women in the public sphere in Saudi Arabia has increased after Crown Prince Muhammad bin Salman officially declared the vision of Saudi Arabia 2030. In contrast to Saudi Arabia's Wahhabi clerics who tend to domesticate the role of women, the government in its vision actually encourages women to be involved in the public sphere. This paper seeks to describe the discourse on women's empowerment and reveal the ideology that underlies it and to explain the implications of the construction of this discourse on changes in public policy in Saudi Arabia. The author use critical discourse analysis as an analytical tool. The author concludes, First, the discourse on women's empowerment in the Saudi 2030 vision document is manifested in giving equal roles to women and men to be involved in social and economic activities. Women in Saudi's 2030 vision are positioned as national assets that are open, competitive, hardworking, and able to drive the economy. Second, the discourse that encourages women to be involved in public activities is inseparable from the ideology of the current Saudi Arabian government which tends to lead to socio-economic liberalization. In this context, women's empowerment is used for the benefit of economic growth and the transformation of new, more open religious social conditions (infitah). Third, the discourse on women's empowerment in the Saudi 2030 vision influences changes in public policy in Saudi Arabia. The old policies from the rulings of the ulama were replaced with new policies that gave women more freedom to participate in the public sphere.

FROM FRAMING TO FLAMING IN THE CROSS-THEOLOGICAL DEBATE: HOW ARE CHRISTIAN PRINCE’S COMMENTARIES REPRESENTED THE QUR’AN ON YOUTUBE? Amir, Abdul Muiz; Wahidah, Fatira; Zakir, Muhammad; Ainurrofiq, Faiq
Islam Futura Vol 23, No 1 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v23i1.14707

Christian Prince’s (CP) presence on YouTube opened a new chapter in Christian opposition actors who act as cross-theological debaters between Muslims and Christians who, for the previous two decades, were only dominated by Muslims. Through the narratives on YouTube, this Christian apologist tries to convince the public that the Qur’an contains contradictory statements as the holy book for Muslims. In response to such an issue, this research aims to investigate the construction of CP’s interpretation, which highlights the authenticity of the Qur’an. Qualitative content and thematic analyses and the framing approach developed by William A. Gamson were employed. Findings suggest that the representation of CP’s understanding of the Qur’an verses uses a decontextualization approach. Also, the vast knowledge of the Arabic language and literary translations further strengthen the narratives to convince the public of the allegations. However, instead of considering the historical context in understanding the scientific meaning of the Qur’an, this Christian apologist uses literal meaning as a framing device. This phenomenon has shown that cross-theological debates only provoke persistent inter-religious hatred and resentment. Therefore, such debates are inclined to trigger the propaganda of religious extremists.

Interpretation of Gender Bias in QS. Al-Taubah/9 verse 71: Critical Review of Tafsir Al-Qur’an Tematik The Ministry of Religion Affairs Republic of Indonesia Ainurrofiq, Faiq; Amir, Abdul Muiz; Sempo, Muhammad Widus
Religia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu KeIslaman Vol 23 No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28918/religia.v23i2.2381

This paper aims to explore critically the interpretation result of QS. Al-Taubah/9:71 in Tafsir Qur‟anTematik by the Ministry of Religion Affairs Republic of Indonesia. This is conducted because it issuspected that it contains a gender bias interpretation. This research used a critical qualitative-interpretativedesign by investigating the interpretation of QS. al-Taubah / 9: 71 using a contextualizationinterpretation. The findings reveal that the Thematic Interpretation of Al-Quran by the Ministry ofReligion affairs published for the first time in 2009 represents the interpretation of the QS. al-Taubah/9:71 as legitimacy of limiting the area of political leadership for women. Therefore, the product of suchinterpretations tends to be biased because it limits the area of state leadership based on a particular gender.This interpretation seems to contrast with the meaning of the verse that is found through the exploration oftextual, contextual-historical, and dynamic contextual approaches. The meaning obtained from this versediscusses about the socio-spiritual relationship in the internal Muslim community only, rather than thepolitical context. The same results can also be seen in Tafsir al-Wajiz, in which the work is also theinterpretation of the Ministry of Religion published in 2016, as well as the interpretation of scholars invarious classical commentaries. The implication of the results of the interpretation of gender bias in TafsirQur‟an Tematik can have an impact on government policies in positioning the women in the society,especially in the area of structural leadership of country. This research contributes to the study of Qur’anicexegesis and gender discourse in Islam by offering a critical framework for evaluating genderedinterpretations of religious texts. Additionally, it demonstrates the importance of contextual hermeneutics inaddressing structural biases in Islamic exegesis and proposes a more inclusive approach to Qur’anicinterpretation.

Representasi Gender pada Buku Ajar Al-‘Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik Terbitan Arab Saudi Ainurrofiq, Faiq; Ahmad Mujib
TSAQOFIYA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Vol 7 No 1 (2025): Tsaqofiya: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Arab
Publisher : Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/feg4xe42

Textbooks can be one of the means to construct gender roles. Therefore, gender discrimination and equality can be produced and perpetuated through textbooks. This paper wants to examine the construction of the representation of the roles of men and women and the social context surrounding the writing of the textbook al-'Arabiyyah baina Yadaik published in Saudi Arabia. The researcher uses critical discourse analysis to track the representation of the gender division of women and men. Text construction and visualization of male and female roles are analyzed at the macro, meso, and microstructure levels. In the end, the researcher concluded: First, the division of gender roles in the al-'Arabiyyah baina Yadaik textbook is represented in a discriminatory manner. Male gender roles are described as very dominant compared to female roles. The dominance of men over the relationship can be seen at the level of visualization, their role in the family realm, their role in public work, sports activities, and physical activities. Second, the discriminatory depiction of gender roles in the textbook al-'Arabiyyah baina Yadaik is inseparable from the author's social cognition, which is dominantly influenced by the fatwas of Salafi scholars of Saudi Arabia who domesticate the role of women. The access and dominance of strong Salafi scholars in organizing the realm of education in Saudi Arabia affect the construction of discriminatory gender roles, including at the level of textbook preparation. Abstrak Buku ajar dapat menjadi salah satu sarana untuk mengkonstruksi peran gender. Oleh karena itu, diskriminasi dan kesetaraan gender dapat diproduksi dan dilanggengkan melalui buku ajar. Tulisan ini hendak mengkaji konstruksi representasi peran laki-laki dan perempuan dan konteks sosial yang melingkupi penulisan buku ajar al-‘Arabiyyah baina Yadaik yang diterbitkan di Arab Saudi. Peneliti menggunakan analisis wacana kritis dalam melacak bentuk-bentuk representasi pembagian peran gender perempuan dan laki-laki. Kontruksi teks dan visualisasi peran laki-laki dan perempuan dianalisa pada level struktur makro, meso, dan mikro. Pada akhirnya peneliti menyimpulkan: Pertama, pembagian peran gender dalam buku ajar al-‘Arabiyyah baina Yadaik direpresentasikan secara diskriminatif. Peran gender laki-laki digambarkan sangat dominan dibandingkan dengan peran perempuan. Dominasi laki-laki atas perepuan tampak pada tataran visualisasinya, perannya dalam ranah keluarga, perannya dalam pekerjaan publik, aktifitas olah raga, dan aktifitas fisik. Kedua, penggambaran diskriminatif peran gender dalam buku ajar al-‘Arabiyyah baina Yadaik tidak terlepas dari relasi kognisi sosial penulis yang secara dominan dipengaruhi oleh fatwa-fatwa ulama Salafi Arab Saudi yang mendomestifikasi peran perempuan. Akses dan dominasi ulama Salafi yang kuat dalam menata ranah pendidikan di Arab Saudi berpengaruh dalam konstruksi peran gender yang diskriminatif termasuk pada tataran penyusunan buku ajar.

FROM FRAMING TO FLAMING IN THE CROSS-THEOLOGICAL DEBATE: HOW ARE CHRISTIAN PRINCE’S COMMENTARIES REPRESENTED THE QUR’AN ON YOUTUBE? Amir, Abdul Muiz; Wahidah, Fatira; Zakir, Muhammad; Ainurrofiq, Faiq
Islam Futura Vol 23 No 1 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/jiif.v23i1.14707

Christian Prince’s (CP) presence on YouTube opened a new chapter in Christian opposition actors who act as cross-theological debaters between Muslims and Christians who, for the previous two decades, were only dominated by Muslims. Through the narratives on YouTube, this Christian apologist tries to convince the public that the Qur’an contains contradictory statements as the holy book for Muslims. In response to such an issue, this research aims to investigate the construction of CP’s interpretation, which highlights the authenticity of the Qur’an. Qualitative content and thematic analyses and the framing approach developed by William A. Gamson were employed. Findings suggest that the representation of CP’s understanding of the Qur’an verses uses a decontextualization approach. Also, the vast knowledge of the Arabic language and literary translations further strengthen the narratives to convince the public of the allegations. However, instead of considering the historical context in understanding the scientific meaning of the Qur’an, this Christian apologist uses literal meaning as a framing device. This phenomenon has shown that cross-theological debates only provoke persistent inter-religious hatred and resentment. Therefore, such debates are inclined to trigger the propaganda of religious extremists.

Fatwa Ulama dan Diskriminasi Perempuan pada Ranah Pendidikan Ainurrofiq, Faiq
MA'ALIM: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): MA'ALIM: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam
Publisher : Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan UIN Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/maalim.v5i1.9305

This article examines the discrimination of women in the education sector perpetuated through the ulama fatwa. The data were taken from the fatwas of Salafi ulama that discussed women's education, both collectively and individually. The structure of the fatwa text is then analyzed using critical discourse analysis at the macro, meso, and microstructural levels. The researcher concludes that Saudi Arabian Salafi scholars use fatwa to practice discriminating against women in education. In this context, the ulama decided (1) differences in the curriculum in girls' schools and boys' schools; (2) instructing women to take specific majors that are deemed appropriate to their nature; (3) prioritizing marriage for women over continuing their studies; (4) enough for women to receive education at the basic education level. The relation between the anti-equality ideology and patriarchal Arab culture influences the construction of ulama fatwas which tend to be discriminatory in women's education. Saudi Arabian Salafi clerics can freely produce and reproduce discriminatory discourse in women's education because Salafi clerics have the power to organize the domain of education in Saudi Arabia, especially before the beginning of the new Saudi Arabia era under the leadership of Muhammad bin Salman.

TAHLIL AL-MUHTAWA LI AL-KITAB AL-MADRASI AL-ARABIYAH LI AL-ALAM ALA NADZARIYAH MACKEY تحليل المحتوى للكتاب المدرسي العربية للعالم على نظرية ماجكي: Tahlil Al-Muhtawa Li Al-Kitab Al-Madrasi Al-Arabiyah Li Al-Alam Ala Nadzariyah Mackey Widiarto, Topo; Nursalam, Yufridal Fitri; Ainurrofiq, Faiq
Al-Katib: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Desember 2024
Publisher : Arabic Language and Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65095/al-katib.v1i2.176

This study aims to analyze the selection, gradation, presentation, and repetition of materials in the book Al-Arabiyyah Li Al-Alam using Mackey's theory. The background of this research is the use of textbooks from Middle Eastern countries in learning Arabic in Indonesia which is considered difficult for non-Arab beginners. This poses a problem because the language used is too heavy and not necessarily suitable. This research is important because of the low evaluation of Arabic textbooks by the National Education Standards Agency. This study uses a literature method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using content analysis and tested by theoretical triangulation. The results of the study show that the material in this book is generally in accordance with the standards, program objectives, and student abilities, but it is not clear regarding the suitability with the duration of learning. Gradation is done through structural and semantic groupings, with an emphasis on function. The presentation of the material uses ostensive, pictoral, and contextual procedures, without differential procedures. Material repetition is effective for dialogue, reading, and writing, but listening skills are not accommodated in this book.

Mafātiḥ al-Ghaib dalam Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī dan Tafsīr al-Mishbāh Ummi Muhklisoh; Faiq Ainurrofiq
At-Tafasir: Journal of Al-Qur'an Studies and Contextual Tafsir Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): At-Tafasir: Journal of Al-Qur'an Studies and Contextual Tafsir
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari Ponorogo Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21154/tafasir.v2i2.11449

Differences in interpretation are often found among mufassirs regarding a verse or sūrah of the Quran. For instance, the interpretation of sūrah Luqmān verse 34 highlights a striking difference between classical mufassirs like Ibn Jarīr al-Ṭabarī and contemporary ones like M. Quraish Shihab in interpreting the verse about the five “keys to the unseen” or Mafātiḥ al-Ghaib. This research aims to understand al-Ṭabarī and Quraish’s ideas and comprehend the differences in their interpretations of sūrah Luqmān verse 34 based on the books Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī and Tafsīr al-Mishbāh. This research uses a qualitative approach with comparative analysis. Data collection uses documentation techniques from both books. The findings show that al-Ṭabarī views the five unseen elements as absolute, while Quraish sees some as absolute and others as relative. Their differences are particularly notable in interpreting the descent of rain and what is in the womb, with al-Ṭabarī considering them absolute secrets and Quraish viewing them as relative. However, both interpret the timing of the apocalypse, what someone will do tomorrow, and where someone will die as absolute secrets. These differences may stem from methodological shifts and varying social contexts during interpretation, as well as different sources of opinion.

Development of Illustrated Story-Based Arabic Teaching Materials for Listening and Speaking Skills Mahiroh, Luthfiatunnisa'; Ainurrofiq, Faiq; Nursalam, Yufridal Fitri
Tadris Al-'Arabiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): Tadris Al-'Arabiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Kebahasaaraban
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ta.v5i1.54024

This research is motivated by the limitations of Arabic language teaching materials that integrate text, images, and audio in learning. Although pictorial media has been used, the integration of picture stories with audio features in one learning design is still limited. This study aims to develop picture story-based Arabic language teaching materials and test their effectiveness in improving students' istima' and kalam skills. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg and Gall model. The subjects of the study were grade VIII students of MTs Muhammadiyah 6 Ponorogo. Data collection techniques included tests, questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation, which were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results showed that the developed product consisted of picture story text, vocabulary, qawaid, exercises, and QR Code containing audio, with a coverage of four chapters for two semesters. The validation results showed that the teaching materials were very valid according to material experts (81.6%) and media experts (87.24%), and received very good student responses (89%). The results of the effectiveness test showed a significant increase with an N-Gain value of 0.73 (high category) and a Sig. 0.000 < 0.05. This research contributes to the development of Arabic language teaching materials that integrate illustrated stories with QR Code-based audio features as an interactive and contextual learning medium to improve students' istima' and kalam skills.

Kontribusi Abdul Karim Soroush dalam Mendialogkan Agama dan Sains Ainurrofiq, Faiq; Amir, Abdul Muiz; Faruk, Ahmad
FIKRAH Vol 10, No 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Prodi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam, Fakultas Ushuluddin, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kudus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21043/fikrah.v10i2.17189

This paper explores Abdul Karim Soroush's contribution to the dialogue between religious and scientific knowledge and its consequences for the humanist-anthropocentric development of religious knowledge. Documentation procedures were used to collect the data, which were subsequently examined using content analysis techniques. After doing an analysis, the author draws three conclusions: Soroush first equated religious knowledge and non-religious knowledge. The two are interdependent and will continue to evolve. Therefore, Soroush encouraged conversation so that religious understanding is constantly contextual. Soroush's second argument for the interaction between religious knowledge and science was based on the principle of shrinkage and development. The doctrine of contraction and expansion was inspired by Surah al-Baqarah 245 and the Sufi tradition. Thirdly, Soroush thought religious knowledge would undergo evolution and refinement while conversing with non-religious information. It is anticipated that refining humanist-anthropocentric religious knowledge would bring practical solutions to the human problems from which this religion derives.

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