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All Journal Proceeding Biology Education Conference Kimia Padjadjaran Annales Bogorienses
Kusharyoto, Wien
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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ISOLASI DAN SELEKSI BAKTERI PENGHASIL BIOSURFAKTAN DARI SAMPEL LUMPUR MINYAK, KALIMANTAN TIMUR Sari, Martha; Afiati, Fifi; Kusharyoto, Wien
Proceeding Biology Education Conference: Biology, Science, Enviromental, and Learning Vol 11, No 1 (2014): Prosiding Seminar Nasional XI Biologi
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

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Abstract- A total of six bacteria isolated from waste of oil sludge in the area of East Kalimantan were examined to confirm the ability in biosurfactant activity. The active compounds from each bacteria were subjected to screening test of biosurfactant by usingcanola oil as substratein fermentation system. The present study aims to evaluatedthe initial potency ofbiosurfactant producing bacteria from sludge oil in East Kalimantan. All of the isolates were confirmed as producers of biosurfactants with diverse of emulsification activity. Strain SMF4 showed the highest emulsification activity and oil displacement test within 9 days of cultivation.The screening results revealed that the six strains of sludge oil bacteria gave good values in emulsification and oil displacement activity. Keywords: oil sludge, six bacteria, emulsification, and biosurfactant
Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Air dan Etanol Tanaman Obat Berdasarkan Penghambatan Pembentukan β-Hematin Hapsari, Yatri; Kusharyoto, Wien; Simanjuntak, Partomuan
Kimia Padjadjaran Vol 1, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Kimia Padjadjaran

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Malaria merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium sp. melalui gigitan nyamuk Anopheles sp. betina. Salah satu mekanisme parasit yang dijadikan target pencarian obat antimalaria adalah mekanisme penghambatan pembentukan hemozoin. Plasmodium dalam siklusnya akan mendegradasi hemoglobin menjadi heme bebas yang toksik untuk dirinya sendiri. Untuk melindungi dirinya parasit akan mengubah heme bebas menjadi hemozoin. Senyawa β-hematin merupakan analog senyawa hemozoin. Pada penelitian ini diuji aktivitas antimalaria terhadap 13 ekstrak etanol metode maserasi (dingin) dan 13 ekstrak air metode dekok (panas). Tanaman yang digunakan adalah salam koja (Murraya koenigii), akar kuning (Arcangelisia flava), jung rahab (Baeckea frutescens), pule (Alstonia scholaris), buah makassar (Brucea javanica), bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana), mimba (Azadirachta indica), murbei (Morus alba), tabat barito (Ficus deltoidea jack), ceplikan (Solidago virgaurea), srigunggu (Clerodendron serratum [L.] Sp r), rumput mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa), bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia). Pengujian menggunakan air panas dikarenakan cara masyarakat lokal dalam memanfaatkan tanaman obat akan dibandingkan dengan pelarut organik yang umum digunakan dalam penelitian. Ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas terbaik diukur nilai IC50 dan dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antimalaria lebih baik menggunakan pelarut air dengan metode dekok dibandingkan pelarut etanol dengan metode maserasi. Ekstrak yang aktivitasnya paling tinggi adalah ekstrak air daun jung rahab sebesar 58,48% dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 51,5 ppm. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air daun jung rahab mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, saponin dan tanin.
Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Study of Alcoholic Compounds as Mycobactericidal Agents Using InhA, MabA and PanK as Receptors Syahputra, Gita; Arwansyah, Arwansyah; Kusharyoto, Wien
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 22 No. 2 (2018): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) infection is one of the primaryinfectious diseases in many developing countries; even there are minor cases in some developed countries. TB infection spread through the air and ismore probable when using improper disinfectant on medical and laboratory equipment which related to TB research. The appropriate disinfectants which are commonly usedin laboratory equipment can reduce the risk of transmission of TB disease. Alcoholic compoundsare one of the common disinfectants with a broad spectrum activity towardsmicrobes,viruses, and fungus. We employed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to support virtual screening and ligand-receptor complex binding observation in searching for an appropriate mycobactericidal agent.Based on the analysis of molecular docking and molecular dynamics, pentadecanol has potency as a mycobactericidal agent with PanK as itsspecific receptor. The Gibbs free energy (∆G) for the interaction of pentadecanol with PanKhas been found to be -5.5 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics analysis at 300K and 1 atm for 5 ns showed a little change in the confirmation of the binding site, whilepentadecanolwas still being bound by its binding siteon PanK.
Sensitivity Improvement of A Direct Competitive Elisa for Atrazine by Exploiting Low Cross-Reactivity of An Atrazine-Specific Recombinant Antibody Fab-Fragment Kusharyoto, Wien; Schmid, Rolf D.
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 9 No. 1 (2004): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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The hapten-binding site of the antibody Fab-fragment K411B specific towards the herbicide atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropyJamino)-1,3,5-triazine) was modified by means of structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. A triple mutant (GlnL89Glu/ValH37Ile/GluL3Val) of the Fab-fragment showed an increased affinity towards the hapten H/Cl/C6 (4-amino-6-chloro-l,3,5-triazine-2-(6-aminohexanecarboxylic acid) compared to the affinity of the wild-type Fab-fragment towards the same hapten. However, the mutant exhibited substantially lower affinity towards the hapten H/Cl/C6 than towards atrazine and the hapten iPr/Cl/C6 (4-chloro-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2-(6-aminohexanecarboxylic acid), which is usually used in the synthesis of enzyme tracers in ELISA for atrazine. Advantage was taken of the low cross-reactivity and increased affinity of the mutant Fab fragment towards H/Cl/C6 to improve the sensitivity of a direct-competitive ELISA tor atrazine. H/Cl/C6 was covalently conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the conjugate H/CI/C6-HRP was used as enzyme tracer in the ELISA for atrazine. An eight-fold improvement in sensitivity of a direct-competitive ELISA for atrazine could be achieved using the tracer H/Cl/C6-HRP compared to the sensitivity of ELISA using the tracer iPr/Cl/C6-HRP. The detection limit for atrazine was as low as 0.01 i g/l.
Subcloning, Expression, and Characterisation of A Recombinant Antibody Fab-Fragment Specific Towards 2,4-D Kusharyoto, Wien
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 10 No. 1 (2005): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Abstract

A generic strategy was established for subcloning the VH and VL gene of antibody variable domains into the piasmid pASK85 for the expression of Fab antibody fragments. pASK85 bear coding sequences for murine constant domains including a His6-tag at the carboxy-terminal end of the constant heavy-chain domain. The VH and YL gene derived from the monoclonal antibody E2/B5 specific towards 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were used in this study. Escherichia coli was used as host cells for the biosynthesis of the Fab-fragment. The Fab-fragment was subsequently purified from the periplasmic extract in a single step by immobilised metal-ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). The production level obtained were 0.5-0.8 mg purified Fab-fragments per liter E. coli culture. The sensitivity and cross-reactivity of the Fab-fragment determine by direct competitive ELISA were similar to those of the parental monoclonal antibody E2/B5.
Effect of Culture Conditions on Phytase Production by Aspergillus ficuum in Solid-state Fermentation Using Rice Bran as Substrate Kusharyoto, Wien; Sari, Martha; Ridwanuloh, Asep Muhamad
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 13 No. 1 (2009): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Phytic acid is an antinutritional factor that forms 1–2% of most of the seeds and their co-products representing more than 60% of their total phosphorus. Monogastric and agastric animals are unable to utilize phytate phosphorus either due to lack of or insufficient amount of phytate degrading enzymes. Phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate-phosphohydrolase) are a special class of phosphatases that catalyze the hydrolysis of phytic acid in a stepwise manner to lower inositol phosphates, myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate. Phytases are found naturally in plants and microorganisms and a sizeable number of phytases have been purified and characterized from various fungi, yeasts, and bacteria. The present investigation involves studies on the effect of moisture content, pH value and different media ingredients such as carbon, nitrogen, and surfactants on the production of phytase by the fungus Aspergillus ficuum DSM 932 in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using rice bran as substrate. The production of phytase by SSF was favored, when the fungus was grown at a moisture content of 60% and pH 7.0, resulted in a phytase activity of 5.2 units/g dry substrate. There was a 20% increase in phytase yield in the presence of sucrose in SSF medium, while glucose and fructose were not effective in enhancing the phytase activity when used individually. Yeast extract was found to be a favorable nitrogen source for phytase production by SSF, which resulted in a 20% increase in phytase activity. There was no significant effect in increasing phytase production with the use of either soy peptone or tryptic soy as nitrogen source. Approximately 30% inhibition in phytase activity was shown in the presence of the surfactant Tween-80 or Triton X-100 in the SSF. By supplementing rice bran with sucrose and yeast extract, and performing the SSF in tray bioreactors, a phytase activity of 6.76 units/g dry substrate could be obtained.
Screening for Natural Producers Capable of Producing 1,3-Propanediol from Glycerol Andriani, Dian; Kusharyoto, Wien; Prasetya, Bambang; Willke, Thomas; Vorlop, Klaus Dieter
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 14 No. 1 (2010): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Glycerol is a renewable resource found as the main by-product in the transesterification of triglycerides and fat saponification. Due to the increased production of plant oils, especially palm oil in developing countries, and their larger use by the oleochemical industry, glycerol surpluses are on the world market and this may result in a decrease in glycerol price. As a consequence, biotechnological processes have been developed to convert this substrate into value-added products, such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD). The microbial production of 1,3-PD could be competitive to chemical routes assuming that it is based on cheap raw material and an optimised process. In the screening for 1,3 PD–producing bacteria, raw glycerol as by-product from rapeseed oil processing unit was used as a carbon source compared with commercial glycerol. By using increasing concentration of both glycerols from 50 to 150 g/l, two potential bacteria were obtained from soil samples. BMP-1 was obtained from an enrichment culture using 50 g/l commercial glycerol, while BMR-1 was obtained from an enrichment culture using 100 g/l raw glycerol. The highest conversion yield obtained using the isolate BMP-1 was around 0.62 g 1,3-PD formed per mol glycerol consumed, and 0.73 mol 1,3-PD formed per mol glycerol using the isolate BMR-1. No bacteria were obtained from cultures using 150 g/l commercial and raw glycerol, respectively, which indicated that higher concentration of glycerol has inhibition effect. 
Expression of an Anti-Transferrin Receptor Antibody scFV Fragment in Escherichia coli Using A L-Rhamnose-Based Tightly Regulated Promoter System Andriani, Dian; Handayani, Ira; Kusharyoto, Wien
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 16 No. 2 (2012): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Transferrin receptor (TfR) levels are elevated in various types of cancer cells and correlate with the aggressive or proliferative ability of tumor cells. Therefore, TfR levels are considered useful as a prognostic tumor marker, and TfR is a potential target for drug delivery in therapy of malignant cells. In such kind of targeted delivery system, antibody fragments are frequently used as targeting moiety. Here, we report the generation of an anti-TfR single-chain antibody variable (scFv). The cDNA encoding the variable heavy and light chain domains of the scFv antibody fragment was derived from the anti-TfR monoclonal antibody LUCA31. The gene encoding the anti-TfR scFv fragment was codon optimized for expression in Escherichia coli, subsequently synthesized, and cloned into the pJExpress-804 Rhamex vector. The expression vector utilizes the E. coli rhaB promoter and corresponding regulatory genes, and is tightly regulated by the presence of L-L-rhamnose, it is also tightly regulated in the absence of L-L-rhamnose by the addition of D-glucose The His6-tagged anti-TfR scFv fragment was expressed in E. coli NiCo21 and purified by means of immobilized metal chelate affinity chromatography on TALON™ matrix. In SDS-PAGE, a single band corresponding to a molecular mass of approximately 30 kDa was observed which corresponded to the predicted molecular mass based on the amino acid sequence.
Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Subunit Vaccines by Utilisation of Particulate Vaccine Delivery Systems Prasetyoputri, Anggia; Kusharyoto, Wien
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 17 No. 2 (2013): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Control and eradication of a number of infectious diseases are primarily attributed to effective vaccination programs. A concerted effort is still imperative to develop novel vaccines and improve the immunogenicity of existing ones with regards to efficacy, immunogenicity and safety. Rational design of vaccines using subunit vaccines is a potentially safer alternative to conventional vaccines, yet they are poorly immunogenic without additional adjuvant. Using antigen carriers to enhance their immunogenicity in the forms of adsorption or encapsulation with a delivery system has been widely investigated as an alternative to currently available adjuvants. This review aims to elaborate on the existing nanotechnology being used to develop more immunogenic subunit vaccines, with focus on particulate delivery systems for development of prophylactic vaccine candidates. 
Expression of An Immunogenic Intimin Fragment of EHEC O157:H7 in Escherichia coli Periplasm under The Control of A Rhamnose-Based Regulated Promoter Hariyatun, Hariyatun; Suwanto, Antonius; Kusharyoto, Wien
Annales Bogorienses Vol. 18 No. 1 (2014): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : BRIN

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Intimin is the main adhesin of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 bacteria which are the most common leading infectious cause of bloody diarrhea and acute kidney failure in children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Intimin is required for persistent bacterial colonization to eukaryotic host cell and its receptor-binding activity is localized at the C-terminus 282 amino acids (Intimin282). Thus, Intimin282 is an attractive antigen candidate that could be useful in vaccine and diagnostic systems against EHEC infections. Previous studies had reported expression of Intimin in E. coli cytoplasm using commonly used prokaryotic expression systems. However, it usually encountered several problems, i.e. low expression level, leaky expression, inclusion body formation, and truncated protein. The pRHA vector, which is tightly regulated by Lrhamnose and D-glucose, represents a viable alternative E. coli expression system to overcome such problems. Moreover, E. coli periplasm has an advantage of maintaining protein functionality by providing an oxidative environment that is more efficient than cytoplasm. However, to date there is no study about Intimin expressionusing pRHA expression system and/or in E. coli periplasm. Accordingly, we constructed a recombinant pRHA vector harbouring the respective gene to investigate the expression of an immunogenic Intimin fragment of EHEC O157:H7 in E. coli periplasm. The gene encoding His6-tagged Intimin282 (Int282) together with pelB signal sequence was cloned into the pRHA vector, subsequently expressed in E. coli JM109 and purified. Expression and purification of Int282 were verified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The result showed that Int282 was successfully expressed in E. coli periplasm with a protein size of approximately 32 kDa, which corresponded with the predicted size of the protein based on its amino acid sequence.
Co-Authors Adi Santoso Antonius Suwanto Arwansyah Arwansyah Asrul Muhamad Fuad, Asrul Muhamad Atikana, Akhirta Bambang Prasetya Desriani Desriani Dian Andriani, Dian Dwi Wulandari Fifi Afiati Gita Syahputra Handayani, Ira Hariyatun, Hariyatun LINDA SUKMARINI Martha Sari Neng Herawati, Neng Partomuan Simanjuntak Prasetyoputri, Anggia PUSPITA LISDIYANTI Putra, Masteria Yunovilsa Ridwanuloh, Asep Muhamad Riyona Desvy Pratiwi, Riyona Desvy Schmid, Rolf D. Vorlop, Klaus Dieter Willke, Thomas Yana Rubiyana, Yana Yatri Hapsari, Yatri