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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Teknologi Indonesia Makara Journal of Technology
Bambang Prasetya
Research Center for Biotechnology, LIPI, Cibinong, Bogor 16911
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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PERFORMANCE OF MICROWAVE PRETREATMENT ON ENZYMATIC AND MICROWAVE HYDROLYSIS OF BETUNG BAMBOO (Dendrocalamus asper) Fatriasari, Widya; Syafii, Wasrin; Wistara, Nyoman; Syamsu, Khaswar; Prasetya, Bambang
Teknologi Indonesia Vol 37, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : LIPI Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jti.v37i3.232

Abstract

In this present study, we focused on how the changes in the best microwave pretreatment affected the performance of enzymatic and microwave hydrolysis of pretreated bamboo. This solid fraction was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis following NRE L protocol and microwave acid-hydrolysis with/without presence of activated carbon (0.5 g/g) at 1% and 5% of sulfuric acid concentration for 512.5 m at 330 watt. Short duration microwave-acid hydrolysis of microwave pretreated bamboo showed better reducing sugar yield than that of enzymatic one. Microwave heating for 12.5 inm at 330 W hydrolyzed with 1% acid using microwave irradiation demonstrated a high reducing sugar yield (25.81% of dry biomass or 27.12% of dry substrate). In this treatment, 37.92% of hollocellulose can be converted into reducing sugar or equivalent to 36.12% of maximum potential sugar released. This yield was increased 6.09 times compared to the highest reducing sugar yield coming from enzymatic hydrolysis using 20 FPU/g of cellulase enzymes. Reducing sugar yield obtained with 5% microwave acid hydrolysis of microwave pretreatment for 5 m at 770 W was equal to the result of hydrolysis for 12.5 m at 330 W. Unfortunately, the activated carbon as solid catalyst in microwave hydrolysis could only reduce brown compound without reducing sugar yield improvement.
The characteristic changes of betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) pretreated by fungal pretreatment Fatriasari, Widya; Syafii, Wasrin; J Wistara, Nyoman; Syamsu, Khaswar; Prasetya, Bambang
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 3, No 2 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.3.2.133-143

Abstract

The fungal pretreatment effect on chemical structural and morphological changes of Betung Bamboo was evaluated based on its biomass components after being cultivated by white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor. Betung bamboo powder (15 g) was exposed to liquid inoculum of white rot fungi and incubated at 270C for 15, 30 and 45 days. The treated samples were then characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and SEM-EDS analyses. Cultivation for 30 days with 5 and 10% loadings retained greater selectivity compared to that of the other treatments. FTIR spectra demonstrated that the fungus affected the decreasing of functional group quantities without changing the functional groups. The decrease in intensity at wave number of 1246 cm-1 (guaiacyl of lignin) was greater than that at wave number of 1328 cm-1 (deformation combination of syringyl and xylan) after fungal treatment. X-ray analysis showed the pretreated samples had a higher crystallinity than the untreated ones which might be due to the cleavage of amorphous fractions of cellulose. The pretreated samples have more fragile than the untreated ones confirmed by SEM. Crystalline allomorph calculated by XRD analysis showed that fungus pretreatment for 30 days has transformed triclinic structure of cellulose to monoclinic structure.
Utilization of Bagasse Cellulose for Ethanol Production through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Xylanase Samsuri, M.; Gozan, Misri; Mardias, R.; Baiquni, M.; Hermansyah, Heri; Wijanarko, Anondho; Prasetya, Bambang; Nasikin, M.
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 11, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Utilization of Bagasse Cellulose for Ethanol Production through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation by Xylanase. Bagasse is a solid residue from sugar cane process, which is not many use it for some product which have more added value. Bagasse, which is a lignosellulosic material, be able to be use for alternative energy resources like bioethanol or biogas. With renewable energy resources a crisis of energy in Republic of Indonesia could be solved, especially in oil and gas. This research has done the conversion of bagasse to bioethanol with xylanase enzyme. The result show that bagasse contains of 52,7% cellulose, 20% hemicelluloses, and 24,2% lignin. Xylanase enzyme and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to hydrolyse and fermentation in SSF process. Variation in this research use pH (4, 4,5, and 5), for increasing ethanol quantity, SSF process was done by added chloride acid (HCl) with concentration 0.5% and 1% (v/v) and also pre-treatment with white rot fungi such as Lentinus edodes (L.edodes) as long 4 weeks. The SSF process was done with 24, 48, 72, and 96 hour’s incubation time for fermentation. Variation of pH 4, 4,5, and 5 can produce ethanol with concentrations 2,357 g/L, 2,451 g/L, 2,709 g/L. The added chloride acid (HCl) with concentration 0.5% and 1% (v/v) and L. edodes can increase ethanol yield, The highest ethanol concentration with added chloride acid (HCl) concentration 0.5% and 1% consecutively is 2,967 g/L, 3,249 g/L. The highest ethanol concentration with pre-treatment by L. edodes is 3,202 g/L.
Immobilization of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae in Rice Hulls for Ethanol Production Martini, Edita; Andriani, Dian; GobiKrishnan, Sriramulu; Kang, Kyeong Eop; Bark, Surn-Teh; Sunwoo, Changshin; Prasetya, Bambang; Park, Don-Hee
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 14, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The whole cell immobilization in ethanol fermentation can be done by using natural carriers or through synthetic carriers. All of these methods have the same purpose of retaining high cell concentrations within a certain defined region of space which leads to higher ethanol productivity. Lignocellulosic plant substance represents one of highly potential sources in ethanol production. Some studies have found that cellulosic substances substances can also be used as a natural carrier in cell immobilization by re-circulating pre-culture medium into a reactor. In this experiment, rice hulls without any treatment were used to immobilize Saccharomyces cerevisiae through semi solid state incubation combined with re-circulating pre-culture medium. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures of the carrier show that the yeast cells are absorbed and embedded to the rice hull pore. In liquid batch fermentation system with an initial sugar concentration of 50 g/L, nearly 100% total sugar was consumed after 48 hours. This resulted in an ethanol yield of 0.32 g ethanol/g glucose, which is 62.7% of the theoretical value. Ethanol productivity of 0.59 g/(L.h) is 2.3 fold higher than that of free cells which is 0.26 g/(L.h). An effort to reuse the immobilized cells in liquid fermentation system showed poor results due to cell desorption in the first batch which led to high sugar concentration inhibitory effect in the second batch fermentation. This might be solved by using semi solid fermentation process in the future work.
Digestibility of Betung Bamboo Fiber Following Fungal Pretreatment Fatriasari, Widya; Syafii, Wasrin; Wistara, Nyoman J.; Syamsu, Khaswar; Prasetya, Bambang
Makara Journal of Technology Vol. 18, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This research evaluated the effect of fungal pretreatment of betung bamboo fibers and enzymatic- and microwaveassisted hydrolysis on the reducing sugar yield. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass was carried out with cellulase and 10 and 20 FPU/g of substrate in a shaking incubator at 50 °C and 150 rpm for 48 h. The sulfuric acid concentration used in the microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was 1.0, 2.5, and 5%, either with or without the addition of activated carbon. Microwave irradiation (330 Watt) was applied for 5–12.5 min. The yield of reducing sugar was better with the microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis, and the yield tended to increase with an increase in the irradiation time. Based on the dry weight of the initial biomass (bamboo), pretreatment with 5% inoculum loading resulted in a higher reducing sugar yield (17.06%) than with 10% inoculum loading (14.54%). At a 1% acid concentration, the formation of brown compounds decreased, followed by a reduction in the reducing sugar yield. The addition of activated carbon at a 1% acid concentration seemed to be of no benefit with respect to the yield in the microwaveassisted acid hydrolysis. The pretreatment with the 5% inoculum loading for 12.5 min at 1% acid concentration resulted in the highest reducing sugar yield. Under these conditions, the yield was 6.3-fold that of the reducing sugar yield using 20 FPU/g of cellulase. The rate of bamboo hollocellulose hydrolysis reached 22.75% of the maximum theoretical reducing sugar reducing sugar of dry biomass.
Implementasi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Pada Produksi Benih Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia Isharyadi, Febrian; Ayuningtyas, Utari; Kristiningrum, Ellia; Prasetya, Bambang; Dulbert Tampubolon, Biatna; Tjahyo Eka Darmayanti, Nur; Budi Mulyono, Ary; Restu Wahono, Daryono; Aliyah, Novin; Dwi Susmiarni, Rika; Wulansari, Nuri
Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Vol 32 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v32i1.240

Abstract

Penggunaan benih kelapa sawit unggul merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan produktifitas dan mutu buah kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan. Untuk memperoleh benih kelapa sawit yang bermutu diperlukan pula pengendalian mutu pada proses produksi benih kelapa sawit. Standar Nasional (SNI) nomor 8211:2015 tentang benih kelapa sawit merupakan standar yang berisi parameter mutu yang harus dipenuhi dalam setiap proses produksi benih kelapa sawit. Namun, informasi terkait implementasi SNI 8211:2015 pada saat produksi benih kelapa sawit belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi implementasi SNI 8211:2015 pada setiap proses produksi benih kelapa sawit, sehingga hal tersebut akan menjadi gambaran dan fakta terkait jaminan mutu yang dilakukan oleh produsen dalam menghasilkan benih kelapa sawit yang bermutu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan melakukan survei kepada produsen benih kelapa sawit sebagai responden terkait implementasi tolok ukur pada SNI 8211:2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 13 responden produsen benih kelapa sawit yang diperoleh, implementasi SNI 8211:2015 pada proses produksi sudah dilakukan dengan baik pada 4 (empat) tahapan utama yaitu pemuliaan, reproduksi benih, pemrosesan benih, dan pengemasan. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa benih kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan terjamin mutunya. Penelusuran lanjutan perlu dilakukan terhadap titik kritis lain yang berpotensi menyebabkan beredarnya benih ilegitim di Indonesia, sehingga produktifitas kelapa sawit di Indonesia dapat meningkat dengan penggunaan benih kelapa sawit unggul.
Co-Authors Aliyah, Novin Anas Miftah Fauzi Anja Meryandini Anondho Wijanarko Budi Mulyono, Ary Changshin Sunwoo, Changshin Dian Andriani, Dian Djumali Mangunwidjaja Don-Hee Park, Don-Hee Dulbert Tampubolon, Biatna Dwi Susmiarni, Rika Edita Martini, Edita Ellia Kristiningrum Euis HERMIATI Febrian Isharyadi Heri Hermansyah I Nyoman Jaya Wistara Kang, Kyeong Eop Khaswar Syamsu Kusharyoto, Wien Kyeong Kang, Kyeong Lanjar Sumarno M Baiquni M Samsuri, M M. Baiquni Maggy T Suhartono Mardias, R. Misri Gozan Mohammad Nasikin Nasikin, M. Nastiti Siswi Indrasti Ono Suparno R Mardias, R Restu Wahono, Daryono Samsuri, M. SHANTI RATNAKOMALA Sriramulu GobiKrishnan, Sriramulu Sunarti, Ttiti C Surn-Teh Bark, Surn-Teh Tjahyo Eka Darmayanti, Nur Utari Ayuningtyas Vorlop, Klaus Dieter Wasrin Syafii Widya FATRIASARI Wilke, Thomas Wulansari, Nuri YOPI YOPI