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KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA TERHADAP WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION DALAM NEGOSIASI PEMBENTUKAN ATURAN SUBSIDI PERIKANAN Gian, Atanta; akim, akim
Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations Vol 1, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (359.961 KB) | DOI: 10.24198/padjir.v1i4.26244

Abstract

Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi dikeluarkannya kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terhadap WTO dalam negosiasi pembentukan aturan subsidi perikanan. Untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor tersebut, penulis menggunakan teori reorientasi kebijakan luar negeri K. J. Holsti. Dalam artikel ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk menyimpulkan jawaban terkait rumusan masalah yang diangkat dalam artikel ini. Dalam artikel ini penulis menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terhadap WTO dalam negosiasi pembentukan aturan subsidi perikanan sangat dipengaruhi oleh terjadinya reorientasi kebijakan luar negeri yang terjadi antara Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono dan Joko Widodo. Reorientasi tersebut terjadi berdasarkan adanya pertimbangan faktor domestik, faktor eksternal, dan faktor latar belakang historis negara Indonesia.
Faktor Domestik Yang Memengaruhi Kebijakan Luar Negeri Iran Terhadap Arab Saudi Pascaeksekusi Mati Nimr Al-Nimr Bajri, Hilal Kholid; Akim, Akim
Jurnal ICMES Vol 5 No 1 (2021): Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies
Publisher : Indonesia Center for Middle East Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i1.92

Abstract

This article explains the factors that influenced Iran's foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia after Nimr Al Nimr execution in 2016. Nimr Al Nimr is a well-respected Shia cleric in the Middle East. As the country with the largest Shia population globally, Iran condemned Saudi Arabia's actions so that relations between the two countries deteriorated, even leading to the severance of diplomatic relations. The research question posed is what the domestic factors that influence the policy are? This article is based on qualitative research by interviewing several Middle Eastern experts and collecting data from documents and mass media. In analyzing the data, the writers used the theory from Mintz and DeRouen regarding three domestic factors that influence a country's foreign policy, namely economic interests, the role of public opinion, and the electoral cycle. The research finds that the foreign policy taken by Iran after the execution of Nimr Al Nimr is closely related to economic interests, especially related to the implementation of the pilgrimage; in line with the opinion of the Iranian people who highly respect Nimr Al Nimr; and consideration of the electoral cycle, where the policies taken by Rouhani affected his victory in the 2017 elections.
Catalan Identity and Paradiplomacy Strategy in Catalonia’s Independence Movement Dermawan, Windy; Akim, Akim
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 22, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This article seeks to analyse how Catalan identity, within the context of its conflict with the Spanish government, contributes to its foreign relations with the global public through paradiplomacy. This article uses qualitative research method with literature study. It finds that Catalonia, as one of Spain’s autonomous regions, have a distinct history, language, and culture from other Spanish regions. To protect their identity, there have been an emergence of movement for greater Catalan autonomy, even independence. This conflict reached climax on 1 October 2017 when the Catalan government initiated an independence referendum amongst Catalan people, with the majority voted for independence from Spain. Since then, the Catalan independence movement has faced many changes until now, with one of the moves done by Catalonia to seek support from global public through their paradiplomacy. As such, it is worth noting how paradiplomacy done by the Catalan government was an effort to protect the existence of their identity, which increases the complication and dynamics of Catalan and Spanish governments’ internal conflict. Findings from this study may show important implications for the resolution of similar internal conflicts, especially those involving identity and paradiplomacy.
Independent Journalism in the History of Indonesian Media Landscape: A Study Case of Kompas Gramedia Orfinez Nainggolan, Golda Meir; Akim, Akim; Putri Noviasih, Godfrida Winda
Communication Vol 15, No 2 (2024): Communication
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi & Desain Kreatif - Universitas Budi Luhur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36080/comm.v15i2.3086

Abstract

A complicated combination of political factors, censorship, and the fight for independence has shaped Indonesian journalism history. In this unstable environment, Kompas Gramedia has become a well-known symbol of independent reporting. The history of Kompas Gramedia, one of Indonesia's biggest media conglomerates, from its founding to the present highlights the vital role that the media play in promoting democratic values and guaranteeing the free flow of information. This piece of research explores the development of Kompas Gramedia, emphasizing both the organization's influence on the larger Indonesian media scene and its unwavering dedication to journalistic ethics. The tale of Kompas Gramedia is not only one of a media company's expansion but also a larger one of media freedom in Indonesia. Kompas Gramedia has been instrumental in promoting press freedom and establishing benchmarks for independent journalism, both during the period of severe governmental control and censorship and in the current more liberal and open atmosphere. Through an analysis of the historical background and key turning points in Kompas Gramedia's history, this article offers insights into how independent journalism can flourish in difficult settings and advance a country's socio-political landscape.
Paradiplomasi Bandung Menuju Kota Wisata Halal Dermawan, Windy; Akim, Akim; Primawanti, Henike
Indonesian Perspective Vol 5, No 2: (Juli-Desember 2020), hlm. 119-220
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v5i2.34133

Abstract

This research aims to analyze paradiplomacy of Bandung City towards global public in the development of halal tourism. Paradiplomacy becomes important for subnational actors in the development of local resources and the use of foreign resources. Potential areas that have the opportunity to be developed is halal tourism, which is one of the new trends in tourism in the world. The Bandung city is one of the leading regions in the creative economy in West Java that sees this potential and participates in driving regional development through halal tourism. The method in this research is qualitative by collecting data through interviews and documentation studies. This research found that paradiplomacy became one of the instrument of the Bandung city in the utilization of foreign sources through halal tourism. Bandung City Government interacts toward global public by introducing Bandung as one of the destination in halal tourism. The results of this research also show that the paradiplomacy of the Bandung city is carried out through several stages, including introducing halal tourism to the global public, increasing positive appreciation of halal tourism, strengthening relationships with other actors abroad and influencing it by bringing cooperation with other actors.
Indonesia's Global Halal Hub: Competitive Strategies for Leadership Akim, Akim; Sari, Viani Puspita; Konety, Neneng; Nidatya, Nurfarah
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.29-56

Abstract

Indonesia, with the world's largest Muslim demographic bonus, does not seem to have achieved enough capital to reach the top rank of the global Islamic economy. Although the vision of Global Halal Hub 2024 is supported by the government, this research highlights Indonesia's lack of awareness of its competitive advantages, which attracted the author's attention to explore further. Qualitative and descriptive analysis are the methods in this research. This paper refers to the concepts of Competitive Advantage of Nations developed by Michael E. Porter, namely factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Through factor condition analysis, it can be seen that to achieve a competitive advantage in the halal industry, Indonesia needs to improve its logistics infrastructure and develop human resource expertise in halal certification, research stimulation, and product innovation. Demand conditions then indicate the need for increased consumer education and diversification of halal products. Meanwhile, the concept of related and supporting industries targets strengthening halal guarantee institutions and government support. The indicators of firm strategy, structure, and rivalry focus on developing global marketing strategies and international partnerships. To achieve Global Halal Hub status, researchers highlight the importance of comprehensive and collaborative approaches, such as integration in strengthening logistics infrastructure, increasing human resource expertise related to halal certification, and increasing research and product innovation. In addition, consumer education and cooperation with institutions and governments play a vital role in creating favorable conditions. Keywords: Comparative Advantage, Halal Hub, Indonesia Indonesia, dengan bonus demografi umat Muslim terbesar dunia, tampaknya belum mencapai modal yang cukup untuk mencapai peringkat teratas perekonomian Islam global. Kendati visi Global Halal Hub 2024 didukung oleh pemerintah, penelitian ini menyoroti masih kurangnya kesadaran Indonesia terhadap keunggulan-keunggulan kompetitif yang dimiliki, sehingga menarik perhatian penulis untuk menelaah lebih lanjut. Metode kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif menjadi metode dalam penelitian ini. Tulisan ini merujuk pada konsep-konsep Competitive Advantage of Nations yang dikembangkan oleh Michael E. Porter, yakni factor condition, demand condition, related and supporting industry serta firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Melalui analisis factor condition, terlihat bahwa untuk mencapai keunggulan kompetitif dalam industri halal, Indonesia perlu meningkatkan infrastruktur logistik serta pengembangan keahlian sumber daya manusia dalam sertifikasi halal, stimulasi riset, dan inovasi produk. Demand condition kemudian menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan edukasi konsumen dan diversifikasi produk halal. Sementara itu, konsep related and supporting industry menargetkan penguatan lembaga penjaminan halal dan dukungan pemerintah. Adapun indikator firm strategy, structure, and rivalry  berfokus pada perlunya pengembangan strategi pemasaran global dan kemitraan internasional. Guna mencapai status Global Halal Hub, peneliti menyoroti pentingnya pendekatan-pendekatan komprehensif dan kolaboratif, seperti integrasi dalam penguatan infrastruktur logistik, peningkatan keahlian sumber daya manusia terkait sertifikasi halal, dan peningkatan riset serta inovasi produk. Selain itu, edukasi konsumen dan kerja sama dengan lembaga serta pemerintah memainkan peran vital dalam menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung. Kata-kata Kunci: Keunggulan Komparatif, Halal Hub, Indonesia
MENELUSURI KEGAGALAN OSCE DALAM MENCIPTAKAN PERDAMAIAN PADA KONFLIK ARMENIA-AZERBAIJAN MELALUI ANALISIS RESOLUSI KONFLIK Meichella, Aziizah Ika; Annamira, Raisa; Akim, Akim; Dermawan, Windy
Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik Vol 6, No 2 (2024): Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkrk.v6i2.53824

Abstract

Armenia dan Azerbaijan berada dalam situasi konflik berkepanjangan di wilayah Nagorno-Karabakh. Sejarah konflik Armenia-Azerbaijan kembali pada masa Soviet, ketika Nagorno-Karabakh diberikan status otonomi di Republik Sosialis Soviet Azerbaijan, meskipun mayoritas penduduknya adalah etnis Armenia. Pasca runtuhnya Uni Soviet tahun 1991, ketegangan antara Armenia dan Azerbaijan meningkat, dengan pecahnya perang Nagorno-Karabakh yang berlangsung hingga tahun 1994. Berbagai upaya ditempuh untuk menyelesaikan konflik tersebut salah satunya adalah melalui Minsk Group di bawah OSCE. Akan tetapi, upaya tersebut belum membuahkan hasil yang baik dan penyelesaian konflik belum dilaksanakan secara tuntas. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, artikel mengkaji lebih lanjut mengenai faktor-faktor kegagalan OSCE (Minsk Group) dalam mengatasi konflik Nagorno-Karabakh menggunakan alat analisis konflik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang berfokus menggali lebih dalam teks narasi penelitian terkait. Hasil penemuan menjelaskan bahwa peran pihak ketiga seperti organisasi internasional sangat krusial mengingat kedua belah pihak memiliki tendensi untuk menuduh satu sama lain yang membuat isu ini berkepanjangan. Keterlibatan banyak pihak di luar Minsk Group juga menyebabkan konflik ini semakin runyam. Adapun peneliti memberikan rekomendasi resolusi untuk mengatasi konflik tersebut adalah dengan memperbaiki dan merestrukturisasi organisasi internasional yang ikut terlibat dalam penyelesaian konflik juga mengulas kembali karakteristik OSCE sebagai organisasi internasional agar bisa bergerak selayaknya sebuah organisasi mediasi konflik. Menyamakan visi misi serta tujuan penyelesaian konflik antar negara anggota juga sangat dibutuhkan agar tidak ada lagi perbedaan perspektif dalam prosesnya, hingga menggali lebih dalam mengenai asal mula juga akar kesukuan yang akhirnya menjadi inti utama konflik ini. Dengan ditemukannya resolusi ini, jika pada negara-negara lain ditemukan permasalahan yang serupa, proses pencarian resolusi dari konflik tersebut akan dipermudah dengan adanya penelitian ini. Armenia and Azerbaijan are in a prolonged conflict situation in Nagorno-Karabakh region. The history of the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict goes back to Soviet times, when Nagorno-Karabakh was granted autonomous status within the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, although the majority of its population was ethnic Armenian. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, tensions between Armenia and Azerbaijan increased, with the outbreak of the Nagorno-Karabakh war which lasted until 1994. Various efforts were made to resolve the conflict, one of which was through the Minsk Group under the OSCE. However, these efforts have not produced good results and conflict resolution has not been implemented completely. Based on these problems, the article examines further the factors of OSCE (Minsk Group) failure in resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict using conflict analysis tools. The research methodology employed is descriptive qualitative, with a specific focus on delving further into narrative texts connected to the research topic. The findings explain that the role of third parties such as international organizations is very crucial considering that both parties have a tendency to accuse each other which makes this issue protracted. The involvement of many parties outside the Minsk Group also made this conflict even more complicated. The researchers provide recommendations for resolution to overcome this conflict, namely by improving and restructuring the international organizations involved in resolving the conflict as well as reviewing the characteristics of the OSCE as an international organization so that it can move like a conflict mediation organization. Synchronizing the vision and goals of conflict resolution between members is also necessary so that there are no longer differences in perspective in the process, as well as digging deeper into the origins and tribal roots which ultimately become the main core of this conflict. By finding this resolution, if similar problems are found in other countries, the process of finding a resolution to the conflict will be made easier by this research.
SOSIALISASI KEJAHATAN SIBER PADA SISWA-SISWI SDN MEKARSARI JATINANGOR Konety, Neneng; Nidatya, Nurfarah; Akim, Akim
Sawala : Jurnal pengabdian Masyarakat Pembangunan Sosial, Desa dan Masyarakat Vol 1, No 2 (2020): Sawala : Jurnal pengabdian Masyarakat Pembangunan Sosial, Desa dan Masyarakat
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/sawala.v1i2.27679

Abstract

  ABSTRAKKemunculan globalisasi yang menghilangkan batas-batas negara melahirkan konsekuensi lain yaitu kejahatan transnasional, yang salah satu bidangnya meliputi kejahatan siber. Kejahatan siber merupakan perbuatan melawan hukum yang dilakukan dengan memakai media online sebagai sarananya. Kecamatan Jatinangor sebagai lokasi pengabdian  memiliki potensi kasus kejahatan siber yang sama dengan seluruh wilayah lain mengingat tidak adanya batas wilayah yang pasti dalam konteks terjadinya kejahatan siber. Kecamatan Jatinangor secara umum seperti wilayah-wilayah lainnya memiliki gap atau masalah inti yang menyisakan beberapa permasalahan diantaranya yaitu keterbatasan dalam menangani permasalahan sosial dalam hal ini termasuk permasalahan-permasalahan sosial di masyarakat yang bergeser ke dalam dunia virtual yang bukan tidak mungkin dapat berubah menjadi kejahatan di dalam dunia virtual atau kejahatan siber. Anak-anak atau remaja mewakili segmen pengguna teknologi siber yang paling aktif disamping masyarakat luas pada umumnya sehingga sasaran yang ditentukan dalam sosialisasi ini adalah siswa-siswi SDN Mekarsari Jatinangor. Sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk memberi pemahaman dan pengetahuan mengenai kejahatan siber agar para siswa terhindar dari ancaman kejahatan siber. Dalam sosialisasi ini, digunakan beberapa metode yaitu ceramah penyampaian materi, pre test, post test, video dan games. Pengetahuan yang dimiliki siswa-siswi SDN Mekarsari Jatinangor terbukti meningkat setelah mengikuti sosialisasi. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena siswa-siswi SDN Mekarsari sebagai peserta sosialisasi dapat memahami dengan baik materi sosialisasi mengenai kejahatan siber. Terdapat pengaruh pemberian sosialisasi mengenai kejahatan siber kepada siswa SDN Mekarsari dilihat dari nilai uji korelasi yang didapatkan sebelum dan sesudah melakukan sosialisasi.  Kata Kunci: anak-anak, internet, kejahatan siber, kejahatan transnasional, sosialisasi.    ABSTRACTThe emergence of globalization which removes national boundaries raises other consequences, namely transnational crime, one of which covers cybercrime. Cybercrime is an unlawful act that is carried out by using online media as a means. Jatinangor District as a service location has the potential for cybercrime cases that are the same as all other regions considering there are no definite boundaries in the context of cybercrime. Jatinangor sub-district in general like other regions has gaps or core problems that leave several problems including the limitations in dealing with social problems in this case including social problems in society that are shifting into a virtual world which is not impossible to turn into crime in the virtual world or cybercrime. Children or young people represent the most active segment of cyber technology users in addition to the general public so that the targets determined in this socialization are students of SDN Mekarsari Jatinangor. This socialization aims to provide understanding and knowledge about cybercrime so that students could avoid the threat of cybercrime. In this socialization, several methods are used, the delivery of material, pre-test, post-test, video, and games. There is an increase in knowledge of students at Mekarsari Jatinangor Elementary School after participating the socialization. This is possible because Mekarsari Elementary School students as socialization participants can understand well the material of socialization about cybercrime. There is an influence of giving socialization about cybercrime to students of SDN Mekarsari seen from the correlation test scores obtained before and after socializing.  Key word: children, cybercrime, internet, socialization, transnational crime.
STRATEGI INDONESIA DALAM MEMPERKUAT HUBUNGAN PERDAGANGAN DENGAN SELANDIA BARU DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 Juliastica, Febyanti; Akim, Akim; Rezasyah, Teuku
Aliansi Vol 3, No 2 (2024): Aliansi : Jurnal Politik, Keamanan Dan Hubungan Internasional
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/aliansi.v3i2.56459

Abstract

Artikel ini menganalisis strategi Indonesia melalui diplomasi ekonomi dalam menjaga perdagangan dengan Selandia Baru di masa pandemi COVID-19. Seperti diketahui, pada tahun 2020 lalu, Indonesia resmi menetapkan COVID-19 sebagai bencana nasional. Salah satu dampak pandemi COVID-19 adalah terhambatnya pergerakan perdagangan internasional. Perdagangan Indonesia dengan negara mitra juga mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan. Namun menurut data yang diperoleh, hubungan dagang Indonesia dengan Selandia Baru di masa pandemi COVID-19 stabil bahkan meningkat. Oleh karena itu, dari latar belakang tersebut peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti dan membahas strategi Indonesia dalam memperkuat perdagangan dengan Selandia Baru di masa pandemi COVID-19 dan proses yang dilakukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan konsep yang digunakan adalah diplomasi ekonomi, menurut Kishan S Rana. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diplomasi ekonomi dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, yaitu economic salesmanship, economic networking, image building, dan regulatory management sebagai strategi memperkuat perdagangan dengan Selandia Baru di masa pandemi COVID-19. Kata kunci: COVID-19, Diplomasi Ekonomi, Indonesia, Perdagangan Internasional, Selandia Baru. 
Transformasi Pasar Smartphone di Indonesia: Kerja Sama Perdagangan antara Blibli dan Apple Inc. Arza Fawwaz, Zalfaa; Akim, Akim
Jurnal Ilmiah Muqoddimah: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hummaniora Vol 8, No 3 (2024): Agustus 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jim.v8i3.2024.1045-1051

Abstract

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi kerja sama perdagangan strategis antara PT Global Digital Niaga (Blibli) dan Apple Inc., dengan fokus pada impor smartphone ke Indonesia. Blibli, sebagai e-commerce terkemuka, bermitra dengan Apple untuk mendiversifikasi penawaran produknya dan memenuhi permintaan yang meningkat akan teknologi premium di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi Blibli melalui kerangka multi-tahap Rixen dan Rohlfing: tawar-menawar, kesepakatan, dan pelaksanaan. Penelitian ini menyoroti komitmen Blibli dalam menjaga standar ketat Apple. Tahap perjanjian memungkinkan Blibli untuk mendirikan Hello Store—pengalaman ritel khusus untuk produk Apple. Tahap pelaksanaan melibatkan pendekatan rantai pasokan holistik dan perluasan tahunan Hello Store. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, studi kasus ini mengandalkan data primer dari wawancara dan observasi partisipan, dilengkapi dengan sumber sekunder, untuk memberikan analisis yang komprehensif. Meskipun ada beberapa keterbatasan, kemitraan ini memiliki potensi transformatif bagi sektor e-commerce di Indonesia.Kata kunci:  Apple Inc., Blibli, kerja sama perdagangan