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KEBERKESANAN ALAT BANTU MENGAJAR (SMART COT) DALAM ASAS PEMBUATAN PERABOT SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN HARIAN PENDIDIKAN KHAS TINGKATAN SATU Amri, Aziezatul Nezirah; Azman, Mohamed Nor Azhari; Kiong, Tee Tze; Khairudin, Moh
Journal of Vocational Education Studies Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/joves.v2i1.620

Murid Berkeperluan Khas (MBK) di sekolah menengah harian kurang mendapat peluang untuk mempelajari kemahiran vokasional khususnya dalam bidang pembuatan perabot kayu kerana ketidakupayaan murid dalam melakukan kerja-kerja pertukangan. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk membangunkan Kit (Smart Cot) sebagai Alat Bantu Mengajar (ABM) bagi mata pelajaran baharu iaitu Asas Pembuatan Perabot yang diperkenalkan oleh pihak Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia khusus kepada murid berkeperluan khas bagi Program Pendidikan Khas Intergasi (PPKI) tingkatan satu yang mengalami masalah pembelajaran. Reka bentuk kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menggunakan instrumen temubual, pemerhatian dan borang senarai semak kajiaan yang telah dijalankan sepanjang proses Pembelajaran Dan Pemudahcaraan (Pdpc) berlangsung dengan menggunakan Kit (Smart Cot) terhadap silibus Asas Pembuatan Perabot. Kajian ini melibatkan seramai 9 orang murid PPKI sebagai responden kajian, khususnya murid dalam bidang pertukangan perabot kayu di sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian di Selangor. Kajian kes digunakan oleh penyelidik kerana mampu melampaui kuantatif, keputusan statistik dan memahami keadaan sifat daripada pelbagai perspektif. Kesemua elemen akan dinilai berdasarkan proses perlaksanaan temu bual, pemerhatian dan borang senarai semak responden kajian. Maka maklumat yang dikumpul adalah dalam bentuk ayat ataupun perkataan. Penyelidik mencadangkan supaya ABM kit (Smart Cot) ini digunakan oleh guru dalam proses Pdpc bagi silibus Asas Pembuatan Perabot kepada murid berkeperluan khas agar dapat meningkatkan prestasi pencapaian dan penguasaan kemahiran pertukangan perabot kayu. Kata kunci : Pendidikan khas, perabot kayu, asas pembuatan perabot dan alat bantu mengajar

PEMBANGUNAN SIRKUIT TEKNOLOGI SELF BALANCING SMART SCOOTER SEBAGAI WAHANA SEHAT DI AREA PERKEMAHAN BEDENGAN Putra, Andika Bagus Nur Rahma; Winarno, Agung; Purnomo, Agus; Nidhom, Ahmad Mursyidun; Smaragdina, Azhar Ahmad; Agustina, Yuli; Kiong, Tee Tze
Jurnal Graha Pengabdian Vol 2, No 4 (2020)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M) Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstrak: Bidang pariwisata di Indonesia kini menjadi salah satu andalan pemeritah untuk menghasilkan devisa negara. Melimpahnya kekayaan alam yang dimiliki membuat setiap daerah di Jawa Timur mulai berkembang pesat dan menunjukan keunggulannya di tiap-tiap sektor. Terutama banyaknya potensi wisata alam yang ada di Kabupaten Malang Jawa Timur yang kini sudah mulai menampakkan eksistensinya hingga mampu menarik wisatawan nasional maupun internasional. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini adalah untuk mengembangkan teknologi Self Balancing Smart Scooter sebagai wahana wisata sehat untuk menambah daya tarik pengunjung witasawan.Â Teknologi Self Balancing Smart Scooter merupakan sebuah skuter roda dua bertenaga baterai. Kegiatan ini bertempat di Jl. Raya Selokerto, Godehan, Selorejo, Kec. Dau, Malang, Jawa Timur. Peserta berjumlah 25 orang dari mitra, masyarakat Desa Selorejo, dan Karangtaruna yang dilakukan selama tiga bulan. Hasil kegiatan meliputi: 1) perancangan desain, pembangunan, uji coba, hingga pembuatan sirkuit teknologi self balancing smart scooter, pelatihan perawatan teknologi self balancing smart scooter, serta evaluasi pasca kegiatan; 2) sirkuit teknologi Self Balancing Smart Scooter yang telah dibangun mampu meningkatkan pemasukan daerah; dan 3) sirkuit teknologi Self Balancing Smart Scooter yang telah dibangun mampu meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan.Abstract: The tourism sector in Indonesia has now become one of the mainstays of the government to generate foreign exchange. The abundance of natural resources owned has made every region in East Java begin to develop rapidly and show its superiority in each sector. Especially the large number of natural tourism potentials in Malang Regency, East Java, which are now starting to show their existence so that they are able to attract national and international tourists. The purpose of this Community Service is to develop Self Balancing Smart Scooter technology as a vehicle for healthy tourism to increase the attractiveness of female visitors. Self Balancing Smart Scooter Technology is a battery powered two-wheeled scooter. This activity takes place at Jl. Raya Selokerto, Godehan, Selorejo, Kec. Dau, Malang, East Java. Participants totaled 25 people from partners, the people of Selorejo Village, and Karangtaruna which carried out for three months. The results of the activities include: 1) designing, building, testing, to manufacturing smart scooter self balancing technology circuits, training on maintenance of self balancing smart scooter technology, and post-activity evaluation; 2) Self Balancing Smart Scooter technology circuits that have been built are able to increase regional income; and 3) the Self Balancing Smart Scooter technology circuit that has been built is able to increase the number of tourist arrivals. 2) Self Balancing Smart Scooter technology circuits that have been built are able to increase regional income; and 3) the Self Balancing Smart Scooter technology circuit that has been built is able to increase the number of tourist arrivals. 2) Self Balancing Smart Scooter technology circuits that have been built are able to increase regional income; and 3) the Self Balancing Smart Scooter technology circuit that has been built is able to increase the number of tourist arrivals.

DESIMINASI TEKNOLOGI AUTOMATIC LIQUID STEERING MACHINE SEBAGAI MESIN TRANSFORMASI NIRA LIQUID MENJADI SOLID BROWN SUGAR DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRODUK UNGGULAN LOKAL DI KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK Putra, Andika Bagus Nur Rahma; Winarno, Agung; Mukhadis, Amat; Tuwoso, Tuwoso; Kusuma, Fuad Indra; Agustina, Yuli; Kiong, Tee Tze
Jurnal Graha Pengabdian Vol 2, No 3 (2020)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP2M) Universitas Negeri Malang

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Abstrak: Kecamatan Kampak, sebagian besar masyarakatnya berprofesi sebagai petani dan bekerja sebagai pembuat gula merah (solid brown sugar) yang merupakan produk olahan dari nira kelapa. Cocos nucifera termasuk pohon serbaguna yang sejak dulu dikenal sebagai penghasil bahan-bahan industri. Hampir seluruh bagian pohon ini dan olahnnya dapat dimanfaatkan. Lebih lanjut, tim pelaksana PNBP 2020 melakukan survei dan observasi pada salah satu UMKM yang sedang berkembang di Kecamatan Kampak. Unit Usaha tersebut yaitu UMKM milik Ibu Turiyem dengan nama â€œUMKM Lumintuâ€. Industri rumahan tersebut memproduksi olahan cocos nucifera atau nira kelapa menjadi berbagai macam produk bernilai jual tinggi. Produk hasil olahan tersebut meliputi gula merah bulat, gula merah kotak, manisan kembang gula, dan lain sebagainya. Masalah utama UMKM Lumintu meliputi: (1) sulit mengembangkan omzet dan pendapatan; (2) proses pengolahan nira kelapa menjadi olahan produk gula merah masih dilakukan seluruhnya secara manual (konvensional); dan (3) proses transformasi dan pengadukan memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama. Sesuai dengan bidang dari sebagian besar tim pelaksana PNBP tahun 2020, maka disepakati dikembangkan teknologi automatic liquid steering machine. Secara prinsip kerja, teknologi automatic liquid steering machine berfungsi sebagai mesin transformasi nira liquid menjadi solid brown sugar menggunakan sistem otomatis penuh dengan 4 bilah pengaduk. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dari bula Juli sampai bulan September di kecamatan Kampak, Trenggalek. Peserta sebanyak 20 orang dari pihak mitra dan warga sekitar. Kegiatan dilakukan pada bulan Juli sd September 2020. Hasil kegiatan ini meliputi: 1) terdesiminasinya teknologi automatic liquid steering machine kepada mitra dan masyarakat sekitar Kec. Kampak; 2) pelatihan dan pendampingan penggunaan teknologi automatic liquid steering machine untuk mitra dan masyarakat sekitar Kec. Kampak; 3) peningkatan omzet/pemasukan mitra; dan 4) peningkatan produk berbasis kearifan lokal di wilayah Jawa Timur.Â Abstract: In Kampak sub-district, most of the people work as farmers and work as a maker of brown sugar (solid brown sugar) which is a processed product from coconut sap. Cocos nucifera is a multipurpose tree which has long been known as a producer of industrial ingredients. Almost all parts of this tree and its processing can be used. Furthermore, the 2020 PNBP implementation team conducted a survey and observation at one of the developing MSMEs in the Kampak District. The business unit is Mrs. Turiyem's UMKM with the name "UMKM Lumintu". The home industry produces cocos nucifera or coconut juice into various high-value products. The processed products include round brown sugar, boxed brown sugar, candied confectionery, and so on. The main problems of Lumintu UMKM include: (1) difficulty in developing turnover and income; (2) the processing of coconut juice into processed brown sugar products is still done entirely manually (conventional); and (3) the transformation and stirring process takes a relatively long time. In accordance with the fields of most of the 2020 PNBP implementation teams, it was agreed to develop automatic liquid steering machine technology. In principle, the automatic liquid steering machine technology functions as a machine for transforming liquid juice into solid brown sugar using a fully automatic system with 4 stirring blades. This activity is carried out from July to September in Kampak sub-district, Trenggalek. Participants were 25 people from partners and local residents. The results of this activity include: 1) disseminating automatic liquid steering machine technology to partners and communities around the district. Ax; 2) training and assistance in the use of automatic liquid steering machine technology for partners and communities around the district. Ax; 3) increased partner turnover / income; and 4) increasing local wisdom-based products in the East Java region..

Employability challenges of vocational college graduates in the state of Johor Kiong, Tee Tze; Zulkifli, Mohamad Azim Nashraf Bin
Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jptk.v7i2.36423

The purpose of this research is to determine the difficulties experienced by Vocational College (VC) graduates in selecting a job, aligning their study program with the career, and figuring out the abilities that employers want depending on factors such as gender, study program, and VC after graduation. 234 graduates of Electrical Technology, Electronic Technology, Welding Technology, Construction Technology, and Automotive Technology programs from 2020 to 2022 VC in Johor participated in the study. This study used a quantitative survey research approach, utilizing a questionnaire and simple random sampling to analyze data both descriptively and inferentially against a sample representative of the total population. The findings demonstrated that graduates have significant difficulties selecting a vocation, determining if their study program is suitable, and determining what qualities companies are looking for. The results of the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests showed that there is gender-based variations in the abilities and problems associated with choosing a vocation. The degree of difficulty in matching studies with jobs, compatibility of studies with careers, and the abilities employers want depending on the study program did not change based on a person's gender. Finally, depending on VC, notable variations were discovered in the degree of career choices, program fit, and skills needed by employers.

Teaching activities for supporting students’ 4cs skills development in vocational education Jalinus, Nizwardi; Sukardi, Sukardi; Wulansari, Rizky Ema; Heong, Yee Mei; Kiong, Tee Tze
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v2i2.95

The soft skills competencies needed in the industrial revolution 4.0 era on the 21st century are critical thinking, creativity, communication and collaboration or known as 4Cs Skills. This study aims at revealing a teaching activity that can develop and improve the 4Cs skills of vocational education students. This research was a quantitative study using a survey method. The research instrument used a questionnaire of the lecturers' statements about teaching activities carried out by educators to improve or develop the 4Cs skills of vocational education students. The respondents in this study were 403 educators that consisting of 200 educators from Universitas Negeri Padang (Indonesia) and 203 educators from Universiti Tun Hussein on Malaysia (Malaysia). Based on the research findings, it was found that the teaching activity that was most often carried out or appeared with a high percentage in improving students' 4Cs skills was problem solving to improve critical thinking skills, debate to improve communication skills, peer partner learning to improve collaboration skills and finally mind mapping to improve creative skills. Based on the results of this study, lecturers in the implementation of learning need to condition learning activities that can develop students' 4Cs skills, so that the competencies possessed are in accordance with the needs of the developing industry in this 21st century.

Students’ regional potential-based project for vocational education in engineering field Syahril, Syahril; Wulansari, Rizky Ema; Safitri, Dian; Kiong, Tee Tze; Vitalyevna, Sokolova Elizaveta; Samala, Agariadne Dwinggo
Journal of Engineering Researcher and Lecturer Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Regular Issue
Publisher : Researcher and Lecturer Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58712/jerel.v4i1.180

This article discusses Students’ Regional Potential-based Project for Vocational Education in Engineering Field as a strategy to strengthen the quality of project-based learning implementation, covering project-based learning, a project task based on potential of student’s region, the seven standard elements on a project task based on potential of student’s region, the stages of the implementation, and its effectiveness. It was driven by the existence of enormous potentials in Indonesia which have not been optimally developed. Most of universities here are located in urban areas, while most of the students come from rural regions. The previous research discloses students’ positive perceptions toward this learning implementation. It helps them develop their soft skills, fosters better engagement with the learning process, and improves their 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity). The approach is able to serve as a model for vocational education learning, particularly in the field of engineering. It not only provides students with the opportunity to acquire knowledge, technology, and soft skills, but also contributes to students’ regional development. This article is highly beneficial for learning implementation in Indonesia, particularly in vocational education, as well as a reference for further studies.

Employability challenges of vocational college graduates in the state of Johor Kiong, Tee Tze; Zulkifli, Mohamad Azim Nashraf Bin
Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan Vol 7 No 2 (2024): Regular Issue
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/jptk.v7i2.36423

The purpose of this research is to determine the difficulties experienced by Vocational College (VC) graduates in selecting a job, aligning their study program with the career, and figuring out the abilities that employers want depending on factors such as gender, study program, and VC after graduation. 234 graduates of Electrical Technology, Electronic Technology, Welding Technology, Construction Technology, and Automotive Technology programs from 2020 to 2022 VC in Johor participated in the study. This study used a quantitative survey research approach, utilizing a questionnaire and simple random sampling to analyze data both descriptively and inferentially against a sample representative of the total population. The findings demonstrated that graduates have significant difficulties selecting a vocation, determining if their study program is suitable, and determining what qualities companies are looking for. The results of the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests showed that there is gender-based variations in the abilities and problems associated with choosing a vocation. The degree of difficulty in matching studies with jobs, compatibility of studies with careers, and the abilities employers want depending on the study program did not change based on a person's gender. Finally, depending on VC, notable variations were discovered in the degree of career choices, program fit, and skills needed by employers.

Rancangan Konseptual Model Pembelajaran Utilitas Bangunan Berbasis Project-Based Learning dan Workshop untuk Penguatan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Teknik Bangunan Hidayatullah, Ahmad Rofif; Setyawan, Trihana Yuli; Zamroni, Ahmad Zaim Zamroni; Ibramovich, Alfath; Khusna, Alfin Dahlia Nahdlotul; Kiong, Tee Tze
Journal of Authentic Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : LITPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/qkv1pw61

Pembelajaran utilitas bangunan merupakan salah satu kompetensi inti dalam pendidikan teknik bangunan yang menuntut adanya integrasi yang seimbang antara penguasaan teori dan keterampilan praktik. Namun demikian, dalam implementasinya masih terdapat kesenjangan antara pemahaman konseptual dan kemampuan aplikatif mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran utilitas bangunan berbasis Project-Based Learning (PjBL) melalui integrasi teori dan workshop guna meningkatkan kompetensi mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi literatur terhadap lebih dari 20 jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model Miles & Huberman yang meliputi tahap reduksi data, penyajian data (data display), serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran berbasis proyek yang terintegrasi dengan kegiatan workshop mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kreativitas, serta kompetensi teknis mahasiswa. Sintesis tematik menghasilkan empat tema utama, yaitu: (1) karakteristik pembelajaran utilitas bangunan, (2) efektivitas Project-Based Learning, (3) integrasi antara teori dan praktik, serta (4) penguatan kompetensi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan model pembelajaran integratif sebagai pendekatan inovatif dalam pendidikan teknik bangunan. Building utilities learning requires a strong integration of conceptual understanding, system design capability, and hands-on skills related to mechanical, electrical, plumbing, HVAC, and building safety systems. The initial manuscript framed the integration of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and workshops as an effective model; however, such an effectiveness claim must be aligned with a literature-based method that does not involve empirical testing. This study therefore aims to formulate a conceptual design of a building utilities learning model based on PjBL and workshops through a literature synthesis. The study employed a conceptual literature review design involving reference audit, source selection based on thematic relevance, and thematic synthesis through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The final corpus consisted of 23 sources covering PjBL, engineering and vocational education, practice-based learning, building utilities learning, and literature synthesis methodology. The synthesis produced five major themes: the systemic nature of building utilities, the need for authentic project tasks, the role of workshops as an experiential learning bridge, the importance of product- and performance-based assessment, and the implementation prerequisites of the model. Based on these themes, this article proposes a five-stage conceptual model: orientation and needs diagnosis, conceptual scaffolding, project planning, workshop implementation, and presentation-reflection-evaluation. The model is not claimed to be empirically effective; rather, it is proposed as a conceptual framework requiring expert validation, limited trials, and effectiveness testing in future research.

Sistem Utilitas Bangunan dalam Mendukung Kenyamanan, Efisiensi Energi, dan Desain Arsitektur Berkelanjutan Hasyim, Achmad Nur; Handayani, Agil Fitri; Ismail, Achmad Zidan Dwi; Ayu, Adilla Rava Naura; Alfian, Ahmad Affan Firza; Kiong, Tee Tze
Journal of Authentic Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): May
Publisher : LITPAM

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36312/g1vqbt72

Sistem utilitas bangunan berpengaruh langsung terhadap kenyamanan, kesehatan, keselamatan, efisiensi energi, dan keberlanjutan desain arsitektur. Akan tetapi, sejumlah kajian masih menempatkan utilitas sebagai persoalan teknis yang terpisah dari proses konseptual arsitektur, sehingga hubungan antara sistem kelistrikan, sanitasi, ventilasi/HVAC, drainase, pengelolaan energi, estetika ruang, dan teknologi digital belum tersintesis secara terpadu. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis peran sistem utilitas bangunan dalam mendukung kenyamanan dan efisiensi desain arsitektur serta merumuskan kerangka integratif untuk perancangan arsitektur berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur naratif dengan prosedur pencarian terstruktur pada Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Garuda, SINTA, serta dokumen standar terkait pada rentang 2015–2025, dengan beberapa rujukan konseptual klasik yang tetap dipertahankan. Sebanyak 33 sumber inti dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik melalui tahap familiarisasi, pengodean, pengelompokan tema, interpretasi, dan sintesis konseptual. Hasil kajian menunjukkan enam tema utama: kelistrikan dan pencahayaan, air bersih dan sanitasi, ventilasi/HVAC, drainase, pengelolaan energi, serta integrasi digital melalui BIM, sensor, IoT, dan building energy management system. Ventilasi/HVAC dan sanitasi terutama terkait dengan kenyamanan, kesehatan, dan kualitas lingkungan dalam ruang; kelistrikan, pencahayaan, dan pengelolaan energi berhubungan kuat dengan efisiensi operasional; sedangkan drainase menentukan ketahanan bangunan terhadap kelembapan, genangan, dan risiko lingkungan. Kontribusi artikel ini adalah model konseptual yang menempatkan utilitas sebagai variabel desain sejak tahap awal, bukan sebagai komponen tambahan setelah bentuk arsitektur selesai. Building utility systems directly influence comfort, health, safety, energy efficiency, and the sustainability of architectural design. However, many studies still treat utilities as technical components detached from the conceptual design process, leaving the relationships among electrical systems, sanitation, ventilation/HVAC, drainage, energy management, spatial aesthetics, and digital technologies insufficiently synthesized. This article aims to analyze the role of building utility systems in supporting comfort and efficiency in architectural design and to formulate an integrative framework for sustainable architectural design. The study employed a narrative literature review with a structured search procedure across Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Garuda, SINTA, and relevant standards documents published between 2015 and 2025, while retaining several seminal conceptual references. Thirty-three core sources were analyzed through thematic analysis involving familiarization, coding, theme clustering, interpretation, and conceptual synthesis. The findings reveal six main themes: electrical and lighting systems, water supply and sanitation, ventilation/HVAC, drainage, energy management, and digital integration through BIM, sensors, IoT, and building energy management systems. Ventilation/HVAC and sanitation are mainly associated with occupant comfort, health, and indoor environmental quality; electrical, lighting, and energy management systems are strongly related to operational efficiency; while drainage contributes to building resilience against moisture, waterlogging, and environmental risks. The contribution of this article lies in a conceptual model that positions utilities as design variables from the earliest stage rather than as additional components after architectural form has been finalized.

EVALUASI KENYAMANAN FISIK RUANG KELAS DAN PERPUSTAKAAN SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA MALANG Istiqomah, Annisa Widhi; Ichwanto, Muhammad Aris; Nisa, Aqeela Zahratun; Syahrifah, Aqilah Auliana; Rahayu, Ariffa; Kiong, Tee Tze
Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar Vol. 11 No. 02 (2026): Volume 11 No. 2, Juni 2026 Release
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FKIP Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/jp.v11i02.44772

The quality of the school's physical environment, specifically lighting and acoustics, is a primary determinant influencing learning comfort and students' psychological health. However, many elementary school buildings in Malang City still face technical constraints due to suboptimal architectural planning. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of classroom and library performance against functional comfort standards. The method employed is quantitative descriptive through field observations and direct measurements in two rooms, each with dimensions of 8 x 8 meters. The data collection procedure implemented a grid sampling technique, consisting of 32 measurement points (Grid A-H) in the classroom and 49 measurement points (Grid A-G) in the library. The results indicate a significant natural lighting deficit, with average light intensities in the classroom (56.0–65.0 Lux) and the library (49.5–59.9 Lux) falling far below the minimum standard of 300 Lux (SNI 03-6197-2000). This is triggered by the suboptimal use of passive elements (glass blocks and boventlights) and building facade obstructions. Meanwhile, the acoustic aspect consistently exceeds the ideal threshold of 55 dB (SNI 7231:2009), with peak noise reaching 65.6 dB in the library due to fundamental master plan errors that placed the literacy area adjacent to the cafeteria. These conditions increase the cognitive load and the risk of visual fatigue for students. This study recommends the optimization of artificial lighting and the installation of sound absorbers to create a learning environment that is higher in quality, standardized, and inclusive.

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