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Journal : RechtIdee

Protection of Land Ownership Rights in Cases of Unlawful Acts Najmi, Maulida Syahrin; Djajaputra, Gunawan
RechtIdee Vol 20, No 1 (2025): JUNE
Publisher : Trunojoyo Madura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/ri.v20i1.30284

Abstract

Land issues, especially those related to the control of cultivated land, are still a complex legal issue in Indonesia. Cultivated land is land managed by another party without certainty of rights, and has not been explicitly regulated in the Basic Agrarian Law Number 5 of 1960. Unlawful acts as regulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code are the legal basis for demanding compensation for illegal acts such as control of land without permission. Although the legal basis for protecting land rights has been regulated in the Civil Code and the 1945 Constitution, in practice, legal owners often face administrative, socio-cultural obstacles, and weak law enforcement. This study uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to examine these issues and alternative dispute resolution through civil law, summons, mediation, and arbitration. The complexity of overlapping national law, customary law, and regional regulations exacerbates legal uncertainty so that land rights protection is less than optimal.
Civil Liability For Breaches in Sale and Purchase Agreements and Their Impact on Consumer Protection Nyandra, Rifdhan Ismeth; Djajaputra, Gunawan
RechtIdee Vol 20, No 2 (2025): DECEMBER
Publisher : Trunojoyo Madura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/ri.v20i2.32142

Abstract

Sale and purchase agreements are among the most frequently used forms of engagement in various community activities, both for simple and high-value transactions. Although the Civil Code provides a clear legal basis, particularly regarding the parties' obligations and the consequences of default, practice shows that breaches of agreement still occur frequently and have a direct impact on consumer losses. In digital transactions, forms of default become more diverse due to technical factors, inaccurate information, and the presence of third parties, such as marketplace platforms. The classical legal framework in the Civil Code, including Articles 1238 and 1243, has not been fully able to answer the complexity of modern digital transactions. On the other hand, regulations such as the Consumer Protection Law, the ITE Law, and PP 71/2019 provide strengthening, but have not been systematically integrated with the concept of default. This research aims to fill this gap by analyzing civil liability for default in the context of conventional and digital transactions, using normative legal research methods, with a statutory and case approach. The results show the need for regulatory harmonization to strengthen consumers' position and provide legal certainty in the event of defaults, especially in transactions involving electronic technology and systems.