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All Journal METANA KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia FLUIDA ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering International Journal of Applied Technology Research Jurnal Difusi Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan
Hidayatulloh, Irwan
Department Of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Jl. Gegerkalong Hilir, Ciwaruga, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat 40559, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Social Sciences Other

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Aktivitas Bacillus subtilis pada Media Tulang Ayam dalam Pembentukan Gelatin Sudrajat Harris Abdulloh; Bintang Iwhan Moehady; Irwan Hidayatulloh
Fluida Vol 13 No 1 (2020): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v13i1.2221

Abstract

ABSTRAK Gelatin merupakan bahan tambahan yang banyak terdapat pada industri makanan, minuman, dan tekstil. Gelatin terbentuk secara kimia melalui proses asam dan basa atau dengan bantuan aktivitas mikroorganisme. Proses kimia pembentukan gelatin membutuhkan waktu antara satu sampai lima minggu, sedangkan proses dengan aktivitas mikroorganisme terbentuk antara 12 sampai 24 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat gelatin dengan menggunakan bakteri Bacillus subtilis ATCC No. 21228 serta bahan baku tulang ayam. Aktivitas bakteri Bacillus subtilis akan merombak kolagen dalam tulang ayam menjadi gelatin. Kondisi operasi yang digunakan yaitu: temperatur 45, 50, dan 55°C; pH 7, 8, dan 9; dan konsentrasi 120 g/L, 160 g/L, 200 g/L dan 240 g/1. Analisis terhadap produk yang diperoleh menggunakan uji kandungan protein dan uji pembentukan gelatin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum terjadi pada pH = 9, T = 45°C, konsentrasi (C) = 200 g/L, dan konversi rata-rata = 72,25%. Kata kunci: Gelatin, Bacillus subtilis, limbah tulang ayam ABSTRACT Gelatin is an additive that is widely available in the food, beverage, and textile industries. It is formed chemically through acid and alkaline processes or with the help of microorganism activity. The chemical process for gelatin takes 1-5 weeks, while the process with microorganism activity occur only 12-24 hours. This study aims to make gelatin using the bacteria Bacillus subtilis ATCC No.21228 from raw material for chicken bones. The activity of the Bacillus subtilis bacteria will convert collagen in chicken bones into gelatin. The operating conditions used in this work were: temperature under 45, 50, and 55°C; pH between 7, 8, and 9; and concentrations of 120 g/L, 160 g/L, 200 g/L and 240 gr/1. The result tested to obtain the existing protein and gelatin content. The results showed that the optimum conditions occurred at pH = 9, T = 45°C, concentration = 200 g/L, and the average conversion = 72.25%. Keywords: Gelatin, Bacillus subtilis, chicken bone waste
Kinerja Biakan Murni Rhizopus oligosporus pada Pembuatan Minyak Kelapa Murni (VCO) Irwan Hidayatulloh; Bintang Iwhan Moehady
Fluida Vol 13 No 2 (2020): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v13i2.2265

Abstract

ABSTRAK Pembuatan minyak kelapa murni dari santan kelapa dapat terjadi oleh perlakuan mikroorganisme yang menyebabkan pecahnya emulsi santan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan minyak kelapa dengan menggunakan biakan murni Rhizopus oligosporus dalam bentuk sel bebas pada kondisi optimum temperatur dari mikroba tersebut secara fermentasi batch. Percobaan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jumlah biakan murni Rhizopus oligosporus. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil VCO terbaik yakni pada percobaan dengan jumlah ragi biakan murni 1.350.000 mikroba/ml pada temperatur 37oC yang menghasilkan produk minyak 81,80 gram. Secara analisis fisik diperoleh turbiditas 3,4 NTU serta warna, bau dan rasa yang normal, sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis kimia produk tersebut memiliki kadar air 0,2 %, kadar asam lemak bebas 0,52 % , dan bilangan penyabunan 262,968 mg KOH/g lemak. Kata kunci: Minyak kelapa murni, Rhizopus oligosporus, biakan murni. ABSTRACT The production of virgin coconut oil from coconut milk can be done by microorganism treatment that causes the coconut emulsion to break. This study aims to obtain coconut oil using pure cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus in the form of free cells at optimal temperature conditions of these microbes by batch fermentation. Experiments were carried out by varying the number of pure cultures of Rhizopus oligosporus. From this research, the best VCO result was the experiment done with the amount of pure culture yeast of 1,350,000 microbes/ml at 37oC, producing 81.80 grams of oil product. Physical analysis resulted in turbidity of 3.4 NTU and normal color, odor, and taste, whereas chemical analysis resulted in moisture content of the product of 0.2%, free fatty acid content of 0.52%, and saponification number of 262.968 mg KOH/g fat. Keywords: Pure coconut oil, Rhizopus oligosporus, pure culture
Kajian Pustaka Sintesis Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Filler Pembuatan Tisu Toilet Irwan Hidayatulloh; Emmanuela Maria Widyanti; Chandra Aztaris; Awalum Melanitria; Lidya Elizabeth
Fluida Vol 15 No 1 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i1.2711

Abstract

Tisu merupakan salah satu jenis kertas yang terbuat dari serat kayu. Peningkatan kebutuhan tisu di masyarakat meningkatkan penebangan pohon. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah dari kelapa sawit yang mengandung selulosa tinggi dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu. Penelaahan kajian pustaka ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan nanoselulosa TKKS sebagai filler pembuatan tisu toilet. Sesuai persyaratan, bahan untuk tisu diharapkan mempunyai kandungan selulosa 70 %. Perhitungan kadar selulosa optimum dengan delignifikasi ditentukan dari regresi linear menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 25. Rancangan variabel proses menggunakan software Minitab 19. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah placket burman. Hasil delignifikasi optimum didapatkan pada suhu 150-160°C, NaOH 15-17,5%, dan waktu 20-40 menit. Ukuran diameter nanoselulosa terkecil sebesar 5-10 nm, didapatkan dengan proses hidrolisis asam menggunakan H2SO4 30% pada suhu 60°C selama 120 menit. Nanoselulosa dapat digunakan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu toilet, karena dapat menghasilkan rongga yang dapat menyerap molekul air dan meningkatkan kekuatan lapisan kertas. Tissue is a type of paper, made from wood fibers. The elevation of tissue necessity in the society will rise the trees logging. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is waste from oil palm mill which contains high cellulose and has a lot of potential to be used, one of that is as a filler in the manufacture of tissue. The literature review was conducted to determine the potential utilization of cellulose in OPEFB as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper. According to the requirements, the material for tissue is expected to have a cellulose content of 70%. Estimation of optimum cellulose content with delignification was determined by linear regression using SPSS Statistics 25 software. The optimum delignification results were obtained at a temperature of 150-1600C, NaOH 15-17.5%, and 20-40 minutes. The lowest diameter of nanocellulose is 5-10 nm, obtained by acid hydrolysis using 30% H2SO4 at 600C for 120 minutes. The nanocellulose is used as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper, because it can produce holes that can absorb water molecules and increase the strength of the paper layer.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pemlastis Pada Aplikasi Edible Coating Dari Tepung Pektin Apel Pada Buah Tomat Naura Alfairuzy Quluby; Revani Triananda; Ayu Ratna Permanasari; Irwan Hidayatulloh; Fitria Yulistiani
Fluida Vol 15 No 2 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i2.4390

Abstract

The edible coating is a protective layer that can regulate the rate of respiration. The purpose of the study is to see the effect of adding a plasticizer to the edible coating application of apple pectin flour on tomatoes. Edible coating was made with 2% apple pectin flour and plasticizers glycerol and sorbitol in concentrations of 0.5 percent, 0.6 percent, 0.7 percent, 0.8 percent, 0.9 percent, and 1 percent (v/v). Plasticizer concentrations of 1 percent glycerol and 0.7 percent sorbitol were found to be optimal. The addition of 1% glycerol resulted in 3.673 percent tomato fruit weight loss with a shelf life of more than 20 days, and the addition of 0.7 percent sorbitol resulted in 5.718 percent tomato fruit weight loss with a shelf life of more than 7 days. The percentage of elongation (2.47 percent and 1.125 percent), tensile strength (17.10 and 6.61 Mpa), water vapor transmission rate (5.955 and 7.070 g/m2/day), and thickness (0.06 mm) of edible coating with 1 percent glycerol and 0.7 percent sorbitol were obtained. The thickness, tensile strength, and water vapor transmission rate all met Japanese Industrial Standards, according to these results.
Uji Coba Biokoagulan dari Selulosa Cangkang Aren Menggunakan Unit Koagulasi, Flokulasi, dan Sedimentasi Secara Kontinyu Endang Kusumawati; Dea Rahmawati; Fera Rahma Vrilian; Irwan Hidayatulloh
Fluida Vol 15 No 2 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i2.4400

Abstract

Jawa barat merupakan provinsi yang memiliki luas perkebunan aren paling besar di wilayah indonesia yaitu 14.201 ha. Pohon aren menghasilkan produk olahan utama salah satunya kolang kaling. Produk ini menjadi komoditas ekspor ke berbagai negara di dunia. Namun dari hasil produksi kolang kaling tersebut dihasilkan limbah cangkang yang masih memiliki daya guna rendah. Cangkang aren ini memiliki potensi sebagai biokoagulan karena mengandung selulosa yang memiliki gugus fungsi yang mendukung proses koagulasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengkarakterisasi biokoagulan cangkang aren, menentukan dosis optimum dan pH optimum biokoagulan cangkang aren dan melakukan uji kinerja biokoagulan pada reaktor kontinyu. Dosis optimum koagulan ditentukan dengan memvariasikan dosis pada rentang 200 – 550 mg/L sedangkan pH optimum ditentukan dengan memvariasikan pH pada rentang 6 - 8,5. Air baku yang diolah menggunakan limbah artifisial dengan kekeruhan awal sebesar 100 NTU. Hasil penelitian dengan metode jar test menunjukan dosis terbaik koagulan selulosa cangkang aren yaitu pada dosis 200 mg/L dan pH terbaik pada pH 8,5. Pada pengujian reaktor kontinyu didapat laju alir terbaik pada laju alir umpan 100 L/jam dengan penurunan kekeruhan 58,287% pada titik setelah lamella clarifier dengan penyisihan TSS sebesar 53,57%.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gliserol dalam Edible Coating Tepung Biji Nangka dengan Penambahan Plasticizer Gliserol Emmanuela Maria Widyanti; Nancy Siti Djenar; Ari Marlina; Endang Widiastuti; Irwan Hidayatulloh; Intan Puspitarini; Dhara Firdausa; Lidya Elizabeth
Fluida Vol 15 No 2 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i2.4419

Abstract

Tomatoes are horticultural plants that are easily damaged, need to be coated with a food grade edible coating. The basic ingredients that can be used are polysaccharides, derived from jackfruit seed flour, then glycerol plasticizer is added to improve the brittle nature of the edible coating. The maximum glycerol added was carried out with the following concentration variations: control (without glycerol), 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%. The analysis carried out included testing the respiration rate and weight loss in tomato storage for 6 days. In determining the respiration rate, an experiment was carried out by flowing 1 L/minute of air for 2 minutes which had been passed through a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution flowed into a jar containing tomatoes, passing through a 0.05 N NaOH solution added 0.1% phenophthalein indicator and titrated with HCl 0.05 N until the red color disappears and the weight loss decreases on tomatoes coated with edible coating. The results obtained were the lowest decrease in respiration rate at 2% glycerol concentration of 0.137 mgCO2/kg.hour and the lowest decrease in weight loss at 2.5% glycerol concentration of 1.913%.
Kajian Pustaka Sintesis Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Filler Pembuatan Tisu Toilet Irwan Hidayatulloh; Emmanuela Maria Widyanti; Chandra Aztaris; Awalum Melanitria; Lidya Elizabeth
Fluida Vol 15 No 1 (2022): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v15i1.2711

Abstract

Tisu merupakan salah satu jenis kertas yang terbuat dari serat kayu. Peningkatan kebutuhan tisu di masyarakat meningkatkan penebangan pohon. Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah dari kelapa sawit yang mengandung selulosa tinggi dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu. Penelaahan kajian pustaka ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan nanoselulosa TKKS sebagai filler pembuatan tisu toilet. Sesuai persyaratan, bahan untuk tisu diharapkan mempunyai kandungan selulosa 70 %. Perhitungan kadar selulosa optimum dengan delignifikasi ditentukan dari regresi linear menggunakan software SPSS Statistics 25. Rancangan variabel proses menggunakan software Minitab 19. Metode perancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan adalah placket burman. Hasil delignifikasi optimum didapatkan pada suhu 150-160°C, NaOH 15-17,5%, dan waktu 20-40 menit. Ukuran diameter nanoselulosa terkecil sebesar 5-10 nm, didapatkan dengan proses hidrolisis asam menggunakan H2SO4 30% pada suhu 60°C selama 120 menit. Nanoselulosa dapat digunakan sebagai filler dalam pembuatan tisu toilet, karena dapat menghasilkan rongga yang dapat menyerap molekul air dan meningkatkan kekuatan lapisan kertas. Tissue is a type of paper, made from wood fibers. The elevation of tissue necessity in the society will rise the trees logging. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is waste from oil palm mill which contains high cellulose and has a lot of potential to be used, one of that is as a filler in the manufacture of tissue. The literature review was conducted to determine the potential utilization of cellulose in OPEFB as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper. According to the requirements, the material for tissue is expected to have a cellulose content of 70%. Estimation of optimum cellulose content with delignification was determined by linear regression using SPSS Statistics 25 software. The optimum delignification results were obtained at a temperature of 150-1600C, NaOH 15-17.5%, and 20-40 minutes. The lowest diameter of nanocellulose is 5-10 nm, obtained by acid hydrolysis using 30% H2SO4 at 600C for 120 minutes. The nanocellulose is used as a filler in the manufacture of toilet paper, because it can produce holes that can absorb water molecules and increase the strength of the paper layer.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Using Activated Carbon Bioadsorbent Coffee Grounds and Reed Grass Without Flow Rate Hidayatulloh, Irwan; Kurnia, Dianty Rosirda Dewi; Anggorowati, Heni; Muhari, Emma Hermawati; Kharisma, Luthfiana; Sari, Radianti Novita; Paramitha, Tifa; Sihombing, Rony Pasonang
Fluida Vol. 17 No. 2 (2024): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v17i2.6269

Abstract

Methylene blue adsorption research has been conducted using bioadsorbents from activated carbon of coffee grounds and reeds. Coffee grounds and reeds contain carbon and cellulose that are effective for binding dyes. This study aims to determine the characteristics of activated carbon from coffee grounds and reeds based on SNI-06-3730-1995 and assess the color reduction of wastewater referring to the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 51/MENLH/1995, which sets the maximum methylene blue content in industrial wastewater at 5-10 mg/L. The research method includes bioadsorbent preparation, characterization, and adsorption process with UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. Mass ratio variation was conducted on each adsorbent at each contact time variation and methylene blue concentration variation. The results of the analysis showed that the activated carbon of coffee grounds and reeds fulfills SNI-06-3730-1995 which is characterized by values that are below the maximum value in each parameter. The effectiveness of methylene blue adsorption by coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon reached 98.15% at a ratio of coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon 0:1 (w/w) for 120 minutes at a concentration of 25 mg/L. The adsorption capacity using the Freundlich isotherm method on reed activated carbon was 1.100 mg/g and coffee grounds activated carbon was 1.019 mg/g. The adsorption process of coffee grounds and reeds activated carbon has no effect on the carbon and cellulose structure of coffee grounds and reeds contained in activated carbon, namely O-H, C-H, C=C, and C=O.
The Effect of Plasma Electrolysis for Biodiesel Synthesis Using Waste Cooking Oil as a Raw Material and KOH Catalyst Shoelarta, Shoerya; Saripudin; Fedianto, Rahmat Dani Dwi; Darojat , Moch Adli; Abdulloh, Sudrajat Harris; Hidayatulloh, Irwan; elizabeth, lidya
Fluida Vol. 16 No. 2 (2023): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v16i2.3987

Abstract

The high consumption of cooking oil in Indonesia is directly proportional to the production of used cooking oil waste that can pollute the environment. To overcome this problem, used cooking oil is used as a biodiesel feedstock using the plasma electrolysis method. Plasma electrolysis is a synthesis process by applying a high voltage to the process. This study aims to determine the effect of the plasma electrolysis method with variations in voltage (400 - 500 volts) and the type of reagent (methanol and ethanol) on % yield and characteristics of biodiesel. The process is carried out by reacting used cooking oil with a reagent that is given a voltage until an electric discharge occurs and two layers are formed and the calculation of the specific energy requirements for the synthesis process is carried out. The results show that at a voltage of 500 volts with methanol reagent produces a yield of 85.73% with characteristics according to the SNI 7128:2015 standard such as density 888.36 Kg/m3, viscosity 5.79 Cst, acid number 0.39 mg - KOH/g, content ester 97.56% and flash point 117oC with the exception of water content 0.373%, with a specific energy requirement of 1758,031 J/mL.
The Effect of Maltodextrin Concentration and Spray Dryer Drying Temperature on the Characteristics of Coconut Milk Powder Yulistiani, Fitria; Nuraeni, Alifia; Sheilla Aulia Sofiatul Mardiah; Hidayatulloh, Irwan; Elizabeth, Lidya; Nurcahyo
Fluida Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023): FLUIDA
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35313/fluida.v16i1.4006

Abstract

Coconut milk has a higher water content than other contents, so microbes can easily damage and spoil it. To obtain a low-moisture powder product, the liquid coconut milk was dried using a Buchi Mini Spray dryer B-290 with inlet temperatures of 150°C, 160°C, and 170°C. The researchers added maltodextrin to coconut milk, which had a ratio of grated coconut to the water of 1:3, in concentrations of 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, and 13%. The addition of maltodextrin and the use of drying temperature did not significantly affect the pH, solubility, and percentage of product mass but did significantly affect the moisture content. The best operating conditions for producing coconut milk powder were at a maltodextrin concentration of 13% and a temperature of 170°C. Under these conditions, the produced coconut milk powder had a pH value of 6.12, a moisture content of 4.56%, a solubility of 98.74%, a product mass of 24.99 grams and an overall percentage of product mass of 21.32%.
Co-Authors Ari Marlina Awalum Melanitria Bambang Soeswanto Bintang Iwhan Moehady Bintang Iwhan Moehady Chandra Aztaris Darojat , Moch Adli Dea Rahmawati Dhara Firdausa Elizabeth, Lidya Endang Kusumawati Endang Kusumawati Febrianti, Pipit Fedianto, Rahmat Dani Dwi Fera Rahma Vrilian Haq, Muhammad Umair Ul Herawati Budiastuti Intan Puspitarini Kharisma, Luthfiana Kurnia, Dianty Rosirda Dewi Moehady, Bintang Iwhan Muhari, Emma Hermawati Nancy Siti Djenar Naura Alfairuzy Quluby Nuraeni, Alifia Nurcahyo Nurfadiya, Alvanissa Paramitha, Tifa Pardeny, Vini Ivania Permanasari, Ayu Ratna Ramadhani, Laily Isna Ramadhani, Laily lsna Revani Triananda Sari, Radianti Novita Saripudin Saripudin Sheilla Aulia Sofiatul Mardiah Shoelarta, Shoerya Sihombing, Rony Pasonang Sudrajat Harris Abdulloh Syabila, Mira Rachmawati Trirahayu, Dhyna Analyes Widiastuti, Endang Widyanti, Emmanuela Maria Yulistiani, Fitria