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Design and Development of a Footstep Energy Harvesting Floor using a DC Generator Billah, Mussafa; Rochman, Sagita
BEST Vol 8 No 1 (2026): BEST
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/pwtn0y63

Abstract

Indonesia’s demand for electrical energy continues to increase, creating a need for small-scale alternative energy sources. One potential source is mechanical energy from human footsteps, which is normally dissipated as waste energy. This study presents the design and development of a floor-based electricity generator that converts footstep energy into electrical energy using a DC generator. The research employed an experimental method consisting of product design, component selection, fabrication, testing, and data analysis. A mechanical transmission consisting of a floor mechanism, gear, shaft, and spring transfers mechanical energy from a footstep to the DC generator. The generated electrical energy is stored in a lithium-ion battery through a solar charge controller and is subsequently used to power an LED lamp. Experimental results showed an average output voltage of 3.33 V and an average current of 11.31 mA. The measured average energy was 0.045 J, with an average footstep duration of 1.14 s. The highest measured voltage and current were 4.8 V and 12.5 mA, respectively, while the highest recorded energy was 0.072 J. The results indicate that the proposed system can be used as a small-scale renewable energy harvesting device, particularly in locations with high pedestrian traffic.
IoT-Based Electrical Power Monitoring and Control using NodeMCU and PZEM-004T for Energy Management in Small-Scale MSMEs julianto, Rizki; Rochman, Sagita
BEST Vol 8 No 1 (2026): BEST
Publisher : Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36456/wmdhxw30

Abstract

Efficient monitoring and management of electrical energy are important for small-scale micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Conventional prepaid electricity monitoring requires users to inspect the meter directly, which is less practical for continuous monitoring. This study presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical power monitoring and control prototype using a NodeMCU/ESP32 controller and PZEM-004T sensor. The system measures voltage, current, power, energy, frequency, and power factor, displays data locally through an I2C LCD, accepts prepaid-energy top-up input through a 4×4 keypad, and controls the electrical load using a relay. Blynk is used for real-time remote monitoring. Top-up values in Indonesian rupiah are converted into kWh using a fixed electricity tariff, while the energy balance is reduced according to measured consumption. Tests were performed by comparing the prototype with a digital watt meter and by evaluating top-up, balance reduction, relay control, and Blynk monitoring functions. The prototype successfully displayed electrical parameters in real time. At 60 min, the prototype measured 234.4 V, 0.2 A, 22 W, and 0.022 kWh, while the reference watt meter measured 232.4 V, 0.175 A, 21 W, and 0.021 kWh. The reported maximum errors were 1.52% for voltage, 14.29% for current, 6.28% for power, 10.00% for energy, 15.69% for power factor, and 0% for frequency. Top-up and relay-control tests were successful, and the five principal functional tests achieved a reported 100% success rate.