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All Journal DEVOTE: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Global Journal of Science and Technology: Alpha SELAYAR: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Varied Knowledge Journal Jurnal Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat IPTEKS RESWARA: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Teknik
Muhsinun, Muhsinun
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Journal : Varied Knowledge Journal

 1 
Potensi Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Durian dengan Aktivator HCl untuk Immobilisasi Asam Lemak Hidroksamat Muhsinun, Muhsinun; Hidayat, Syamsul
Varied Knowledge Journal Vol. 3 No. 1: Varied Knowledge Journal, August 2025
Publisher : CV. Global Cendekia Inti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71094/vkj.v3i1.128

Abstract

Durian peel waste has the potential to be converted into high-value activated carbon through carbonization and chemical activation processes. This study aims to investigate the potential of durian peel–derived activated carbon, activated using HCl, as a material for immobilizing hydroxamic fatty acids. The research process included raw material preparation, carbonization at 500–600 °C, chemical activation with varying HCl concentrations (0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M), and characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The immobilization capacity test was conducted by measuring the amount of hydroxamic fatty acid bound to the activated carbon surface. Results showed that HCl activation reduced the activated carbon yield to 28–31%, but significantly improved its quality. FTIR analysis revealed the appearance of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, while BET analysis demonstrated an increase in surface area from 350 m²/g (non-activated) to 910 m²/g at a concentration of 2 M. SEM observations confirmed the formation of a more regular pore structure, although excessively high concentrations caused surface cracking. Adsorption tests indicated that immobilization capacity increased from 25 mg/g (non-activated) to 80 mg/g at 2 M activation, with optimum conditions achieved at 1 M, providing a balance between surface area, structural stability, and adsorption capacity. This study highlights the potential of durian peel–based activated carbon as a support material for bioactive immobilization, with promising applications in catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and environmentally friendly bioprocesses.
Kajian Hubungan antara Struktur Pori Karbon Aktif dan Efisiensi Reagen Pengkhelat pada Ion Logam Berat Muhsinun, Muhsinun; Yanuar, Emsal
Varied Knowledge Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Varied Knowledge Journal, February 2026
Publisher : CV. Global Cendekia Inti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71094/vkj.v3i3.150

Abstract

This study aims to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the pore structure of activated carbon and the efficiency of chelating agents in the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Activated carbon derived from durian peel through chemical activation exhibited a specific surface area of 1850–2620 m²/g and a total pore volume of 0.85–1.42 cm³/g, with pore distribution dominated by micropores (60–70%) and mesopores (30–40%). Following modification with EDTA and EDDS, adsorption capacities significantly increased from 78.5 mg/g to 142.3 mg/g for Pb²⁺, from 65.2 mg/g to 118.7 mg/g for Cd²⁺, and from 71.4 mg/g to 126.5 mg/g for Cu²⁺. The maximum removal efficiency reached 94.6% at pH 6 with a contact time of 120 minutes. The Langmuir isotherm model showed a strong fit to the experimental data (R² = 0.981–0.996), with maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) ranging from 130 to 155 mg/g for modified activated carbon. Kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order model provided the best fit (R² > 0.99), indicating that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. The intraparticle diffusion coefficient increased by 35–48% in activated carbon with higher mesopore distribution. Correlation analysis indicated that mesopore volume had a stronger influence on chelation efficiency (r = 0.87) compared to total surface area (r = 0.72). These findings confirm that the synergy between pore structure and chemical modification significantly enhances adsorption efficiency in a measurable and systematic manner.
Co-Authors Ahmad Fauzan Ahmad Zuhri Rosyidi Baiq Mulianah Desimal, Iwan Hadi, Heri Sopian Hendra Suryadi Littaqwa, Lalu Auliya Littaqwa, Lalu Auliya Akraboe Paris, Atika Salman Ramdani, Muh.Sahrul Rian Aditya, Rian Saputri, Legis Octaviana Sry Anita Rachman Sukarto, Sukarto SYAMSUL HIDAYAT Wardatul Jannah, Wardatul Yanuar, Emsal Yuliana Yuliana