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Journal : JURNAL LITIGASI (e-Journal)

PENDIDIKAN SOCIAL JUSTICE DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 : PERTIMBANGAN DAN KEKHAWATIRAN Septianita, Hesti; Tedjabuwana, Rosa; Utama, Alif Putra
LITIGASI Vol. 22 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/litigasi.v22i2.3841

Abstract

The outbreak of the Covid-19 virus has caused disruptions across the globe. The table has turned drastically and unexpected. All aspects of life are impacted by this corona virus. The world, ready or not are forced to adapt with the situation. Legal schools have to conduct online learning. The concern should be paid to how social justice education can be done online when trying to sensitize the students towards social justice. The approach used in this research was juridical normative examining norms related to social justice learning. Conceptual approach was used to show views and analysis of problem solving on social justice learning through online method at undergraduate level to produce lawyers with legal professional skills. Therefore, traditional law school curricula provide chances for students to develop their skills. The impact is that online learning that can produce future litigators with the same or even better quality with the conservative method is still in doubt. The research concluded that some elements are missing from the online learning when teaching social justice to students such as professional skills and social emphathy. Keywords: Outbreak of Covid-19 Virus, Online Learning, Social Justice.
DIGITALISASI PENDIDIKAN HUKUM Susanto, Anthon F.; Septianita, Hesti; Tedjabuana, Rosa; Pratama, Mohammad Alvi
LITIGASI Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/litigasi.v23i2.6216

Abstract

The world has changed into a reality engineered through logic digital known as artificial intelligence. When the intelligence develops in rapid fashion into conscience like human, the potential game, website and other network and digital facility will drastically be increasing. Methods used is a participative-mixed method model of research with four approaches which are philosophical, conceptual, socio-legal and textual-critique approaches with literature study data collecting technique. In this era of artificial intelligence, legal education should be reborn with new face, education with commitment to respond digital development without ignoring the value of wisdom. Legal education will lead to the development of practical skill and is based on values of wisdom. Legal education should establish cultural-based curriculum as legal education is an education of behavior. Legal education should be adapted with global values but paying attention to local aspects or on the other hand maintaining rational education and constructing sense of logic and retaining good practical skill and the concern to marginalized community. That is what future legal education should be. Keywords: Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Legal Education.
Online Child Sexual Exploitation And Abuse As Organized Crime: Towards a New International Legal Framework Septianita, Hesti; Pujiyono; Cahyaningtyas, Irma
LITIGASI Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pasundan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23969/litigasi.v27i1.43221

Abstract

Online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) has developed as an important manifestation of transnational organized crime, constituting a systematic violation of children's fundamental rights under international law. This study considers the structural transformation of OCSEA — starting from local, offline incidents to coordinated darknet operations characterized by hierarchical criminal networks, role specialization, cryptocurrency-based financial flows, and cross-border coordination. Employing a doctrinal legal approach, blended with comparative jurisdictional analysis and concrete review of law enforcement data, this research carefully evaluates the capacity of existing international legal regimes to address OCSEA as organized crime. The analysis shows substantial normative and institutional deficiencies across key international instruments — including UNTOC, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime, the Lanzarote Convention, and relevant ASEAN frameworks — encompassing definitional inconsistencies, fragmented jurisdictional authority, inadequately harmonized criminal standards, and enforcement gaps that organized criminal networks systematically exploit. The study further shows that OCSEA satisfies the defining criteria of transnational organized crime, as offenders across multiple jurisdictions collaborate in the production, distribution, and financial exploitation of child sexual abuse material (CSAM) through advanced technical infrastructure. Accordingly, this research develops a normative argument for a binding global legal framework that standardizes criminal definitions, establishes universal jurisdiction, strengthens cross-border cooperation, and institutionalizes international monitoring. In doing so, it contributes theoretically by reconceptualizing OCSEA within the transnational organized crime paradigm, and normatively by proposing a coherent direction for international legal reform.