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Kunarto
Universitas Bandar Lampung
Humanities Automotive Engineering Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

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Analisis Kekuatan Tarik dan Struktur Mikro pada Baja Karbon Rendah dengan Variasi Proses Pengelasan Mulyana, Mulyana; Wicaksono, Bagus; Muhida, Riza; Riza, Muhammad; Surya, Indra; Pratowo, Bambang; Kunarto, Kunarto; Muhamad, Zein; Saputro, Harjono
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN Vol 14, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Bandar Lampung

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Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi proses pengelasan terhadap kekuatan tarik dan struktur mikro pada baja karbon rendah. Metode pengelasan yang digunakan meliputi las Metal Inert Gas (MIG), las Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG), las Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), dan las Oxy-Acetylene Welding (OAW). Pengujian kekuatan tarik dilakukan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine, sementara pemeriksaan struktur mikro dilakukan dengan pembesaran 2000x untuk mengidentifikasi fasa-fasa seperti ferrite, pearlite, dan martensite. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spesimen yang dilas dengan metode SMAW memiliki kekuatan tarik dan struktur mikro yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode OAW, yang menunjukkan kekuatan tarik terendah. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis proses pengelasan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sifat mekanik baja karbon rendah.
Pengaruh Porting Blok Silinder terhadap Torsi, Tenaga, dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar pada Kendaraan Beroda Dua Pratowo, Bambang; Teng jaya, Roy Harmapa; Muhida, Riza; Riza, Muhammad; Surya, Indra; Kunarto, Kunarto; Muhamad, Zein; Saputro, Harjono; Mulyana, Mulyana
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN Vol 14, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Bandar Lampung

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Abstrak. Sepeda motor merupakan moda transportasi yang sangat populer karena efisiensi bahan bakarnya dan kepraktisannya. Pada kompetisi balap motor, performa mesin yang optimal menjadi kebutuhan penting. Mesin standar dari pabrik sering kali kurang memadai untuk mencapai kecepatan tinggi yang dibutuhkan dalam kompetisi. Salah satu metode untuk meningkatkan performa mesin adalah porting pada blok silinder, yaitu modifikasi yang dilakukan pada saluran masuk dan keluar udara pada blok silinder untuk meningkatkan efisiensi volumetrik mesin. Penelitian ini menguji performa sepeda motor Yamaha F1ZR dengan dua kondisi: modifikasi porting dan kondisi standar. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa motor dengan porting mengalami peningkatan torsi dari 10,17 N.m menjadi 12,31 N.m dan daya maksimum dari 11,71 HP menjadi 15,04 HP. Namun, modifikasi ini juga berdampak pada peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar, dengan perbandingan waktu tempuh yang menunjukkan peningkatan kecepatan rata-rata dari 49 km/jam menjadi 54 km/jam
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Yang Terjadi Wanprestasi Di BPR Muncul Artha Sejahtera Semarang kunarto, kunarto; Pratiwi, Febriyana Mega
Jurnal JURISTIC Vol 6, No 01 (2025): Jurnal JURISTIC
Publisher : PSHPM Untag Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/jrs.v6i01.6306

Abstract

One of the efforts made by creditors to address non-performing loans is through the auction of collateral secured or encumbered by a mortgage right. This study raises two main issues: fisrt  how  is legal protection provided to creditors in credit agreements that experience default with collateral in the form of mortgage rights at BPR Muncul Artha Sejahtera Semarang? And second What obstacles are encountered in the implementation of legal protection for creditors in such credit agreements, and what are the solutions? This research employs a normative legal research method with a descriptive-analytical specification, aiming to describe applicable legal norms and assess their implementation without drawing general conclusions. The findings indicate that legal protection for creditors in defaulted credit agreements with mortgage collateral at BPR Muncul Artha Sejahtera Semarang is implemented through several stages: rescheduling, reconditioning of interest burden, restructuring, and the sale of the mortgage collateral. The bank encounters obstacles in executing the sale of mortgage collateral, but continues to inform the debtor, in accordance with the credit agreement, that the collateral will be sold to fulfill the debtor’s obligation to repay the debt. As a solution, the debtor is given the opportunity to settle the debt or sell the collateral independently.
Legal Reconstruction in Risk-Based Business Licensing Procedures for Indonesia’s Economic Growth Kunarto, Kunarto; Jha, Gautam Kumar
JURNAL AKTA Vol 9, No 4 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Program Magister (S2) Kenotariatan, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/akta.v9i4.35399

Abstract

Economic development is the most important thing in the nation’s progress because the community’s welfare is one indicator of the success of the development. Therefore, one of the government’s efforts in economic development is to prepare good legal instruments in the form of licensing regulations. Licensing is an instrument of government policy to control negative externalizations that social and economic activities may cause. Through Government Regulation No. 24 of 2018 concerning Electronically Integrated Business Licensing Services, all forms of business, including in the regions, must go through the OSS system. However, there are still many problems in its implementation. This paper describes the implementation of risk-based licensing through the OSS system in growing the Indonesian economy. In addition, this paper will describe the challenges, obstacles, and solutions to overcome these problems. The results showed that implementing risk-based licensing through the OSS system went well and received a positive response from the community, especially business actors. Online-based licensing management can reduce time, cost, and effort. Then to overcome these obstacles, the government continues to strive and improve, including monitoring, infrastructure development, mentoring, and enhancing human resources.
Analisis Efektivitas Mesin Pelet PT. New Hope Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) pada Produksi 12 Ton/Jam Pratowo, Bambang; Pamungkas, Readyn Tri; Muhida, Riza; Riza, Muhammad; Surya, Indra; Kunarto, Kunarto; Muhamad, Zein; Saputro, Harjono; Mulyana, Mulyana
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN Vol 14, No 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Bandar Lampung

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Abstract. Dalam era persaingan global, perusahaan dituntut untuk meningkatkan produktivitas melalui efisiensi penggunaan mesin dan peralatan produksi. Salah satu metode yang banyak direkomendasikan adalah Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), yang digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja mesin dari aspek ketersediaan (availability), performa (performance), dan kualitas (quality). Penelitian ini menganalisis nilai efektivitas mesin pelet PT. New Hope Indonesia dengan kapasitas produksi 12 ton/jam menggunakan metode OEE. Data produksi diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel untuk memperoleh nilai availability ratio, performance ratio, dan quality ratio. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa nilai OEE rata-rata mesin pelet adalah sebesar 79,13%, yang termasuk dalam kategori sedang berdasarkan standar Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM). Nilai ini mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun kualitas produk masih tinggi, diperlukan upaya perbaikan dan pemeliharaan mesin secara berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan performa produksi secara keseluruhan
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT BANTU PENYIRAMAN KEBUN MENGGUNAKAN TABUNG PENGGULUNG Surya, Indra; Muhida, Riza; Riza, Muhammad; Pratowo, Bambang; Kunarto, Kunarto; Muhamad, Zein; Saputro, Harjono; Mulyana, Mulyana
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN Vol 14, No 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Bandar Lampung

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Abstract. Penyiraman manual pada lahan pertanian skala kecil sering memerlukan waktu dan tenaga besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang alat bantu penyiraman kebun menggunakan tabung penggulung dengan sistem pompa dan transmisi mekanik. Metode meliputi studi literatur, desain alat, perhitungan head pompa, debit aliran, kerugian gesekan, serta evaluasi daya dan efisiensi sistem. Hasil menunjukkan total head sistem sebesar 23 meter, dengan head riil 21,8 meter setelah dikoreksi kerugian gesekan. Debit aliran 0,097 L/s mencukupi kebutuhan irigasi tanaman hortikultura pada lahan ±60 m². Mesin GX-200 (6 HP) menunjukkan kelebihan daya signifikan dibanding kebutuhan pompa sebesar 38,3 watt. Alat ini efektif digunakan satu orang, mudah dibongkar-pasang, dan cocok dibawa dengan kendaraan roda dua. Namun, kinerja pompa masih kurang optimal akibat dugaan kebocoran pada sambungan atau perpak. Rekomendasi mencakup peningkatan kualitas sambungan, penggunaan komponen ringan, dan pengembangan sistem pompa serta peredam suara untuk efisiensi dan kenyamanan. Kesimpulannya, alat ini layak sebagai solusi penyiraman praktis dan efisien di lahan kecil-menengah, dengan potensi pengembangan lebih lanjut
Kajian Eksperimental Kinerja Pompa Sentrifugal pada Konfigurasi Tunggal, Seri, dan Paralel Kunarto, Kunarto; Prayoga, Made Ngurah Arya Nanda; Muhida, Riza; Riza, Muhammad; Surya, Indra; Pratowo, Bambang; Muhamad, Zein; Saputro, Harjono; Mulyana, Mulyana
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN Vol 14, No 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Bandar Lampung

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Abstract. Penelitian ini menyajikan evaluasi eksperimental terhadap kinerja pompa sentrifugal tipe GP-125 pada tiga konfigurasi operasi, yaitu tunggal, seri, dan paralel. Pengujian dilakukan dengan variasi kecepatan putaran (712,5 rpm, 1.425 rpm, dan 2.850 rpm) serta pembukaan katup (1/4, 1/2, 3/4, dan penuh). Parameter utama yang dianalisis mencakup head total, debit aliran, dan efisiensi pompa. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi paralel menghasilkan debit tertinggi dengan nilai maksimum 0,000967 m³/s pada kecepatan 2.850 rpm, sedangkan konfigurasi seri memberikan peningkatan signifikan pada head hingga 19,60 m. Efisiensi terbaik diperoleh pada konfigurasi paralel dengan nilai 0,34% pada katup penuh. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pemilihan konfigurasi pompa yang tepat sesuai kebutuhan sistem, baik untuk aplikasi yang memerlukan debit besar maupun head tinggi.
Handling of Minors Who Commit Crimes Kholiq, Abdul; Kunarto, Kunarto
UNTAG Law Review Vol 9, No 2 (2025): UNTAG Law Review
Publisher : Faculty of Law Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56444/ulrev.v9i2.6690

Abstract

The general definition of adolescents is our young people who are still considered children, for example, if we look at it from the perspective of the general understanding or stance of society, usually their ages are between 13 and 15 years (unmarried). And when viewed in terms of age, they may seem like adults, but in terms of behavior they actually still have a lot to learn, both through parental education and experiences in life. If we look at the contents of the Civil Code, Article 330 explains that those categorized as minors are those who are 21 years old and even then must have never been married. From other aspects such as religious and customary in general, those who are considered adults are those who have menstruated if a woman and if a man has ejaculated while unconscious, his voice changes to a high pitch. Meanwhile, in the Criminal Code in Article 45, it is regulated that those who are considered minors are those who are under 16 years old. The sheer number of differing opinions, as outlined above, demonstrates the importance of understanding the concept of children and adolescents. This is because it is closely related to the judicial process or the handling of crimes committed by these children and adolescents.
Modification of Distillation Engines Using Used Oil into Diesel and Premium Fuel Using Circular Condensation Bambang Pratowo; Kunarto Kunarto; Widi Hantoro
Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi Vol. 5 No. 7 (2024): Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/jist.v5i7.1247

Abstract

In the era of the industrial revolution which is very developed today, the automotive world is also increasing, especially in vehicles that are fueled by premium diesel, due to the increasing number of vehicle demand in the wider community as more and more innovations are issued to create something latest and new, From data (Central Statistics Agency 2020) vehicles on Indonesian roads from passenger cars, goods, motorcycles, buses reached 14. Behind the positive effects due to the increasing development of the automotive world, there are also negative effects, one of which is pollution and waste generated from vehicle lubricants, oil, from periodic replacements resulting from engine maintenance that must be carried out. So the author is interested in designing a distillation machine with a condenser to convert used oil into base oil (base oil gar reduces the negative impact, the method used is by literature review, field study, preparation and testing, although the results of the test were obtained from 3 samples, namely A, B, and C with different cooking times and temperatures, it was found that the physical results obtained were too different from each other, However, not with the content in the sample, which was tested using (GC-MS) it was found that compounds with different amounts were found, namely sample A with 48 compounds, Sample B with 42 compounds and Sample C with 68 compounds, the most compounds were found in the sample with the highest cooking time and temperature with a time of 160 minutes and a temperature of 254 °C. It was found that only sample A had a premium characteristic, namely the compound octane. So that this research can be used in the community.
The Interplay of Customary Law and Labor Regulations: A Comparative Legal Pluralism Study in Indonesia and Algeria Febriharini, Mahmuda Pancawisma; Kunarto, Kunarto; Driss, Bakhouya
SASI Volume 32 Issue 1, March 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47268/sasi.v32i1.3483

Abstract

Introduction: This study examines the interaction between customary law and national labor regulations in Indonesia and Algeria through the lens of legal pluralism. The research is motivated by the persistent coexistence of formal state law and traditional practices in shaping employment relations, which is particularly evident in societies with strong communal and religious traditions. Both Indonesia and Algeria represent cases where historical legacies of colonialism, post-independence political choices, and enduring social structures have produced distinctive forms of legal pluralism in labor relations.Purposes of the Research:  The purpose of this research is to compare how legal pluralism operates in the two countries to regulate employment relations, resolve labor disputes, and accommodate customary norms within national frameworks.Methods of the Research: This study applies a normative legal research method with a comparative legal approach. Primary data sources include statutory regulations such as the Indonesian Labour Law Number 13 of 2003 (as amended by the Job Creation Law 2020 and Law Number 6 of 2023) and the Algerian Labour Code (Law Number 90-11/1990), while secondary data are drawn from academic literature, case studies, and reports from international institutions like the ILO. Data were analyzed using a descriptive-comparative technique to identify similarities, differences, and integration patterns between customary law and national labor regulations.Results of the Research: The findings reveal that both Indonesia and Algeria institutionalize pluralism by formally recognizing certain customary practices, such as oral employment agreements in Algeria and community-based contractual practices in Indonesia. This novelty lies in demonstrating how pluralism is not merely a social phenomenon but also a legally recognized mechanism for regulating labor relations and dispute resolution. This study advances existing knowledge by showing that legal pluralism provides a flexible and context-sensitive framework for labor law, balancing global standards with local legitimacy.
Co-Authors . Najamudin Abdul Kholiq Achmad Agung Pratama Ahmad Hujaeni Andrian Suherman Anwar, Muhammad Adam Permana Apriansah, Muhammad Agung Arizon, Muhammad Aryana, Rifqi Dwi Azmi, Vio Al Bakhouya Driss, Bakhouya Bambang Pratowo Budi Prasetyo Endi Ernawan Galieh Azzis Afrian Gautam Kumar Jha Harjono Saputro Haryanto, Gedeon Risky Ilhamsyah, Sofyan Indra Sumargianto Indra Surya Khotomi, Ahyatulloh Mahmuda Pancawisma Febriharini, Mahmuda Pancawisma Muhammad Irfan Affandy Mulyana, Mulyana Pamungkas, Readyn Tri Prasetyo, M Rembagus Pratiwi, Febriyana Mega Prayoga, Gilang Prayoga, Made Ngurah Arya Nanda Priatama, M Restu Ridho Saganta Riyanto, Handoko Riza Muhida Riza, Muhammad Satriadi, Satriadi Suherman, Andrian Teng jaya, Roy Harmapa Tsafitri, Della Ayu Wahid, Firman Nur Wicaksono, Bagus Widi Hantoro Wijayandi, Afriunus Zakaria, Rahmat Zein Muhamad