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Journal : Open Global Scietific Journal

The Role of Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Zinc Supplementation in Enhancing the Resilience of Cultured Fish to Environmental Stress: A Systematic Literature Review Permatasari, Sheny
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Open Global Scientific Journal (OGSJ)
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v4i1.46

Abstract

Background: The modern aquaculture industry faces serious challenges from environmental stressors such as temperature fluctuations, deteriorating water quality, and high stocking densities, all of which negatively affect cultured fish's growth and immune competence. Micronutrient supplementation—particularly vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc—has enhanced fish resilience to these stressors.Aims & Methods: This article was prepared using a systematic literature-review approach on the effectiveness of vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc in strengthening the antioxidant and immune systems of fish. A systematic literature search was conducted for articles published within the last ten years in Scopus‐or SINTA‐indexed journals that examined the effects of these micronutrients on the physiological and immunological performance of cultured fish.Results: The evidence indicates that vitamin C at 200–400 mg kg⁻¹ feed, vitamin E at 50-100 mg kg⁻¹ feed and zinc at 30–80 mg kg⁻¹ feed elevate antioxidant-enzyme activity, improve tissue histology, and boost non-specific immune responses. Several species have documented positive outcomes, including Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias batrachus, and Rachycentron canadum. Nevertheless, inter-species variability, interactions with other nutrients, and limited molecular-level studies remain challenges. Further research is required to establish optimal dosages, clarify specific mechanisms of action, and design practical supplementation strategies for sustainable intensive aquaculture.
Utilization of Garlic (Allium sativum) as a Functional Supplement to Enhance the Health and Performance of Cultured Fish: A Systematic Literature Review Permatasari, Sheny
Open Global Scientific Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Open Global Scientific Journal
Publisher : Research and Social Study Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70110/ogsj.v4i2.85

Abstract

Background: The increasing demand for aquaculture production requires the use of foods that not only meet nutritional needs but also promote fish health. The use of natural food additives has become an important alternative to reduce dependence on synthetic antibiotics. One of the most extensively studied natural food additives is garlic (Allium sativum). Garlic has been found to eliminate major pathogenic bacteria, strengthen immunity, improve health status, enhance growth, and increase flesh quality in freshwater fish. With its multifunctional properties, garlic represents a promising functional feed additive to enhance growth performance, food utilization, and stress resistance in cultured fish.Aims: This article was prepared using a systematic literature-review approach on the effects of garlic supplementation in aquaculture feeds.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for articles published within the last ten years in Scopus‐or SINTA‐indexed journals. The review included: (1) experimental studies investigating the effects of garlic supplementation in fish feed or rearing media; (2) studies involving growth, physiological, immune, or water quality parameters; and (3) articles focusing on aquaculture species such as tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), rohu (Labeo rohita), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and groupers (Epinephelus spp.).Results: The evidence has been shown that garlic can enhance growth performance, food efficiency, and immune response in fish, particularly in species such as tilapia, carp, rainbow trout, rohu and grouper. The effective dosage generally ranges between 0.5–3% garlic powder in food, with variations depending on species and application methods.Conclusion/ Recommendation: Future studies should focus on developing probiotic–herbal feed products based on fermented garlic and assessing the economic and social feasibility of natural phytobiotic applications in intensive aquaculture systems.