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Identification of Drought-tolerant Local Cowpea Varieties of Southwest Maluku (Indonesia) Karuwal, Ritha Lusian; Suharsono, Suharsono; Tjahjoleksono, Aris; Hanif, Novriyandi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 22, No. 4
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Cowpeas grown in Southwest Maluku have local potential due to their diversity and ability to adapt to drought stress conditions that otherwise cause low productivity. The purpose of this study was to identify of local cowpea varieties of Southwest Maluku that show tolerance to drought. The experimental samples were seven local varieties and threereference cultivars. The drought stress treatment was altered watering periods, i.e., every two (P0) and ten days (P1) from growth to harvest. The results of this research showed that a ten-day watering period significantly decreased plant height, number of leaves, number of root nodules, root and shoot dry weight, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, relative water content, media water content, chlorophyll content, and number and weight of seeds perplant. Drought stress treatment increased proline content and root length. Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between plant height with all variables, except for root length, proline content, and weight of seedsper plant. The correlation and cluster analyses showed that the KM7 variety is a drought tolerant genotype among the local cowpea varieties from Southwest Maluku. Therefore, the KM7 variety can be used as plant material in future breeding programs.

Characterization of Starch Granaule of Local Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) from Lermatang, Tanimbar Island District, Maluku: Characterization of Starch Granule of Dioscorea alata L. Sinay, Hermalina; Karuwal, Ritha Lusian; Fauziah, Fauziah; Anaktototy , Helena
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.18

Most tuberous crops, for instance, the yam, whose scientific name is Dioscorea alata, have food reserves in the form of starch in tubers. Characterization of starch grains of a plant species is pertinent to uncover information on plant taxonomic traits and identify their potential use as food and industrial raw materials. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of starch grains of water yam from Lermatang village, Tanimbar Islands Regency. This study isolated and submitted six accessions of water yam in Lermatang Village. The morphological inspection of the plants used the Descriptor for Yam from IPGRI, and sample preparation for observing starch grains employed the fresh section method. The six accessions of D. alata found in Lermatang village, Tanimbar Islands, were Uwi Merah, Uwi Gula, Uwi Pingingsian, Uwi Babulu, Uwi Akiakab, and Uwi Petatas. These yam varieties show differences in their tubers' shape and colors. The study found that starch granules of D. alata in each accession varied in terms of granule shape and hilus type. The starch granules revealed dominant triangular, oval, and elliptical shapes and eccentric and concentric hilus types. The starch grain diameter in the six accessions of Uwi was categorically large (44.88 – 57.5 µm), with Uwi Petatas being the largest. Previous reports have shown that accessions having large starch granule types could be further developed into an array of foods, thus conveying the promising use of the Uwi Petatas for such a purpose.

Proximate and Organoleptic Levels of Tempeh Made from Cowpeas from Southwest Maluku and Its Integration in Community Learning Karmila, Wa Ode; Karuwal, Ritha Lusian; Rehena, Johanis F
BIOEDUPAT: Pattimura Journal of Biology and Learning Vol 4 No 2 (2024): Bioedupat : Pattimura Journal of Biology and Learning
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Pascasarjana, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/bioedupat.v4.i2.pp241-247

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a type of bean that is well known and developed in Indonesia. One area in Indonesia that has the potential for these nuts is Southwest Maluku. Utilization in local communities is still limited. Therefore, the development of food products such as tempeh is considered. In making tempeh, the dosage of yeast determines the success of fermentation. To be suitable for consumption, nutritional and organoleptic composition testing is required. Thus, this research aims to analyze the proximate and organileptic levels of tempeh made from cowpeas from Southwest Maluku. The study used a Completely Randomized Design treatment with a yeast dose of 0.1 g; 0.2g; 0.4 g repeated 3 times. The data obtained were analyzed using the Anova test (one way) and continued with the DMRT test on SPSS software version 26.0. The research results showed that yeast dosage had a significant effect on ash, fat and fiber content and had high organoleptic value. Treatment two (P2) has a high nutritional composition and the best organoleptic value compared to other treatments. Thus, tempeh made from cowpeas from Southwest Maluku with a yeast dose of 0.2 g can be recommended for development as a food product for the people of Southwest Maluku.

ANALISIS KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS RNA TOTAL VARIETAS KACANG TUNGGAK (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) ASAL KABUPATEN MALUKU BARAT DAYA Karuwal, Ritha Lusian
BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan Vol 7 No 2 (2021): Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan & Terapan
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Unpatti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/biopendixvol7issue2page102-108

Background: A preliminary study of total RNA isolation from young cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) plant has been carried out. The results of total RNA isolation both qualitatively and quantitatively are a prerequisite for research related to gene expression. This study aims to analyze the quality and quantity of total RNA of cowpea leaves from Southwest Maluku district. Methods: The leaf samples used in this study were from eight varieties of cowpea plants at the age of four weeks after planting. Furthermore, RNA isolation used the Accuzol kit while the quality and quantity analysis was carried out by electrophoresis and spectrophotometry. Results: The results showed that the leaves from the sample collection for 4 weeks had good growth and were followed by total RNA isolation. Qualitatively, the results of the total RNA isolates electrophoresis had 1-3 bands in each variety, while quantitatively the total RNA isolates had absorbance values â€‹â€‹ranging from 1.50 to 2.03 and total RNA concentrations ranging from 1398.2 to 9884.1 ng / Âµl. Conclusion: The quality and quantity of total RNA is very important in gene expression analysis

KARAKTERISASI STOMATA DAUN JERUK KALAMANSI (Citrus microcarpa Bunge.) DI PULAU AMBON Rahangmetan, Agustina; Sinay, Hermalina; Karuwal, Ritha Lusian
BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan Vol 7 No 2 (2021): Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan & Terapan
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Unpatti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/biopendixvol7issue2page180-192

Latar Belakang: Jeruk kalamansi (Citrus microcarpa Bunge.) adalah buat tropika yang sangat popular di Ambon dan Maluku. Buah ini memiliki cita rasa asam sehingga menambah aroma khas pada berbagai campuran masakan. Sejauh ini, belum banyak laporan yang dipublikasikan terkait sifat-sifat anatomi daun khususnya stomata daun jeruk kalamansi pada lokasi-lokasi berbeda Pulau Ambon. Dalam kaitan dengan kemampuan adaptasi terhadap lingkungan, maka sifat-sifat tanaman termasuk sifat anatomi dan struktur stomata pada daun, penting untuk diketahui. Metode: koleksi sampel dilakukan dengan metode accidental sampling. Pembuatan preparat untuk pengamatan stomata dilakukan dengan metode whole mount. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tipe, jumlah, kerapatan dan indeks stomata. Data yang diperoleh adalah rerata tiga ulangan dan disajikan secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil : hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stomata daun jeruk Kalamansi yang dikoleksi dari 13 lokasi berbeda di Pulau Ambon memiliki dua tipe stomata yaitu anemositik, siklositik dan campuran antara keduanya. Jumlah, kerapatan dan indeks stomata tertinggi diperoleh ada sampel daun dari Desa Kilang, dan terendah pada Desa Latta. Pada lokasi yang lain, bervariasi dan hal jumlah, kerapatan dan indeks stomatanya, di mana ada lokasi yang jumlah stomata lebih tinggi dari indeks dan kerapatan, dan juga sebaliknya. jumlah stomata secara berurutan dari tertinggi ke terendah yaitu Desa Kilang (32,71), Hutumuri (31,11), Lateri (29,15), Naku dan Passo (27,8), Wayame (26,43), Hative Besar (26,58), Halong (25,50), Hukurila (24,52), Poka (23,51), Kusu-Kusu Sereh (22,36), Rumahtiga (21,63), dan Wayame (14,47). Untuk Indeks Stomata secara berurutan dari tertinggi ke terendah yaitu: Kilang (48,05), Wayame (46,71), Lateri (43,92), Hutumuri (42,37), Naku (42,12), Hative Besar (41,18), Poka (40,89), Kusu-Kusu Sereh (40,64), Halong (39,45), Hukurila (37,84), Passo (36,58), Rumahtiga (36,42), dan Latta (35,73). Untuk kerapatan stomata, berturut-turut dari tertinggi ke terendah yaitu Kilang (0,32), Hative Besar (0,31), Wayame (0,29), Poka (0,28), Lateri (0,27), Halong (0,24), Passo, Hutumuri, Hukurilla (0,23), Naku (0,22), Kusu-Kusu Sereh dan Rumahtiga (0,21) dan Latta (0,14). Kesimpulan: Tipe stomata pada daun jeruk kalamansi dari 13 lokasi di Pulau Ambon yaitu anomositik, dan siklosistik. Jumlah, kerapatan dan indeks stomata tertinggi diperoleh ada sampel daun dari Desa Kilang, dan terendah pada Desa Latta

Exploration of Fungal and Lichen Diversity in The Waitatiri Watershed, Central Maluku: Ecological Potential Bahri, Husnaini; Tuapattinaya, Prelly M.J; Karuwal, Ritha Lusian
BIOEDUPAT: Pattimura Journal of Biology and Learning Vol 5 No 1 (2025): Bioedupat : Pattimura Journal of Biology and Learning
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Pascasarjana, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/bioedupat.v5.i1.pp272-277

The Waitatiri Watershed (DAS) in Central Maluku is one of the tropical ecosystems that supports biodiversity, including fungi and lichens. Fungi play a significant role in organic matter decomposition, while lichens serve as bioindicators of air and environmental quality. However, information regarding the diversity of these organisms in the Waitatiri watershed remains limited. This study employed purposive random sampling to explore fungi and lichens in the Waitatiri watershed. Samples were collected from substrates such as living tree trunks, deadwood, bark, rocks, and soil. Initial identification was conducted using digital applications, followed by detailed identification based on relevant scientific literature. Data were analyzed descriptively to describe species types, distribution, and ecological roles. The study identified 10 fungal species from the phylum Basidiomycota and 7 lichen species from the phylum Ascomycota were identified, with foliose thalli and crustose thalli growing on living tree trunks, dead bark, and rocks. The presence of crustose lichens indicates relatively good air quality in the region. The diversity of fungi and lichens in the Waitatiri watershed highlights its importance as a local biodiversity habitat. Their ecological roles as decomposers and environmental bioindicators emphasize the need for watershed ecosystem conservation to ensure environmental sustainability. Further research is required to explore the ecological and economic potential of the identified species and support conservation efforts.

Morphological Response of Local Cowpea Varieties of Southwest Maluku to Drought Stress with PEG 6000 Induction in the Germination Phase Tanasale, Merlys Tri Novembry; Karuwal, Ritha Lusian; Sangur, Kristin
BIOPENDIX: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan Vol 12 No 1 (2025): Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan & Terapan
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Unpatti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/biopendixvol12issue1page70-76

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp), commonly known as kacang merah, is a type of legume native to southwest Maluku. This area is one of the areas with limited water availability, which causes stress to the plants. Drought stress can inhibit plant morphological growth starting from germination phase to reproductive phase. Simulation of drought stress environment can use PEG 6000. This study aims to analyze the morphological response of drought stress treatment with PEG 6000 induction in the germination phase of local cowpea varieties in Southwest Maluku. The study used a completely randomized design with PEG 6000 concentration treatment on different local varieties. The research stages consisted of preparation of PEG 6000 solution according to treatment concentration, seed germination for 7 days, and measurement of germination parameters (number of seventh day sprouts, final germination percentage, root and shoot length of sprouts, wet and dry weight of sprouts). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and then Duncan's test. The results showed that PEG 6000 induction affected the morphological response of each local cowpea variety in Southwest Maluku at the germination stage. Variety KM6 showed better morphological response than other varieties in all PEG 6000 concentration treatments.

Characterization of Starch Granaule of Local Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) from Lermatang, Tanimbar Island District, Maluku: Characterization of Starch Granule of Dioscorea alata L. Sinay, Hermalina; Karuwal, Ritha Lusian; Fauziah, Fauziah; Anaktototy , Helena
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.14.01.18

Most tuberous crops, for instance, the yam, whose scientific name is Dioscorea alata, have food reserves in the form of starch in tubers. Characterization of starch grains of a plant species is pertinent to uncover information on plant taxonomic traits and identify their potential use as food and industrial raw materials. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of starch grains of water yam from Lermatang village, Tanimbar Islands Regency. This study isolated and submitted six accessions of water yam in Lermatang Village. The morphological inspection of the plants used the Descriptor for Yam from IPGRI, and sample preparation for observing starch grains employed the fresh section method. The six accessions of D. alata found in Lermatang village, Tanimbar Islands, were Uwi Merah, Uwi Gula, Uwi Pingingsian, Uwi Babulu, Uwi Akiakab, and Uwi Petatas. These yam varieties show differences in their tubers' shape and colors. The study found that starch granules of D. alata in each accession varied in terms of granule shape and hilus type. The starch granules revealed dominant triangular, oval, and elliptical shapes and eccentric and concentric hilus types. The starch grain diameter in the six accessions of Uwi was categorically large (44.88 – 57.5 µm), with Uwi Petatas being the largest. Previous reports have shown that accessions having large starch granule types could be further developed into an array of foods, thus conveying the promising use of the Uwi Petatas for such a purpose.

EDUKASI PEMBUATAN PRODUK PANGAN BERBAHAN DASAR KACANG TUNGGAK LOKAL BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA TAAR-KOTA TUAL Karuwal, Ritha Lusian; Sinay, Hermalina; Maturbongs, Agustina
Jurnal Abdi Insani Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Abdi Insani
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/abdiinsani.v12i2.2293

Kepulauan Kei memiliki sumber daya lokal yang berpotensi dikembangkan, salah satunya adalah kacang tunggak yang dikenal dengan sebutan kacang merah. Kacang tunggak ini ditemukan di bagian Tenggara dan Barat Daya dari Provinsi Maluku dengan kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan makanan alternatif. Selama ini, pemanfaatan kacang tunggak oleh masyarakat setempat hanya sebagai bahan pelengkap karbohidrat yang diolah secara tradisional dalam bentuk nasi maupun bubur. Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi seperti ini telah berlangsung bertahun-tahun lamanya. Inovasi pengembangan belum pernah dilakukan. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat untuk mengembangkan pemanfaatan kacang merah sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizi dan meningkatkan kesejahteran. Dengan memanfaatkan kacang tunggak melalui penepungan atau tanpa penepungan dapat dibuat produk pangan alternatif seperti tempe, susu, pasta, puding, bakpao, cookies. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya upaya edukasi untuk memberikan solusi alternatif yang mampu meningkatkan keterampilan dan kreatifitas masyarakat, khususnya yang di Desa Taar Kota Tual Kepulauan Kei. Metode yang dipakai dalam kegiatan ini adalah edukasi bagi kelompok perempuan sebanyak 30 orang. Kegiatan edukasi berupa sosialisasi dan pelatihan atau demonstrasi pembuatan produk pangan berbahan dasar kacang tunggak lokal oleh peserta. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini peserta sangat antusias. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari keseriusan peserta dalam mengikuti setiap kegiatan baik penyampaian materi oleh pelaksana maupun uji coba atau demo oleh peserta. Peserta juga terampil dalam membat produk sesuai arahan dari tim pelaksana. Dengan demikian, kacang tunggak sangat berpeluang untuk dikembangkan dan dikomersialkan sebagai produk pangan.

Trichomes Characterization of Ornamental Plants Begonia spp (Begoniaceae) Hakapaa, Adriana; Sinay, Hermalina; Karuwal, Ritha Lusian; Gusmalawati, Dwi
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): August 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v17i2.21854

The presence of sharp needle-shaped hairs on the leaf surface of the ornamental begonia plants is recognized as a trichome that has not been widely studied. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of trichomes of Begonia’s leaves in Ambon. The plant material used was the Begonia species that was explored in Ambon and private collections. Identification of plant species, scientific and trade names was carried out by comparison of the sample plants' characteristics with online data and references. Trichome observations were carried out using the whole mount method with 400x magnification using the Optilab camera of the Olympus microscope. Trichome’s shape and type were described based on the obtained pictures, while number and length were the average of 10 fields of view, from 3 replications, and displayed as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD). The 21 Begonia species were collected, and their trichome was characterized. In general, the Begonia’s trichome consists of structure like base, median or body and tip, uniseriate and multiseriate types, needle or cone shape, and glandular or non glandular. The average length of trichomes range from 29.80-233.47 µm. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the trichomes on the leaves of Begonia ornamental plants in Ambon City have variations in type, shape, number and size. This result is expected to be new information or references for those who interest in developing Begonia species, especially in classifying begonias based on their trichomes characteristics.

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