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Legal Framework For Termination Of Contract Due To Force Majority To Further Ensure Legal Certainty Manurung, Doni Freddi; Siregar, Mahmul; Robert
Mahadi: Indonesia Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 02 (2025): Vol. 04 No. 02 (2025): Vol. 04 NO. 02 (2025): August Edition 2025
Publisher : Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

Contracts essentially arise from differences in interests between parties bound in a legal relationship. In practice, not all contracts can be executed as initially agreed, especially due to force majeure conditions. However, the Indonesian Civil Code does not explicitly detail the events that constitute force majeure, leading to legal uncertainty. This study aims to examine the legal framework for contract termination due to force majeure in order to ensure legal certainty for the parties. The research is normative legal research using statutory and case approaches, utilizing both primary and secondary data obtained through literature and document study. The findings indicate that Articles 1244 and 1245 of the Civil Code serve as the primary legal basis for force majeure, stating that a party unable to fulfill obligations due to such circumstances may be exempt from liability. However, practical implementation depends heavily on contract clauses and the burden of proof. Courts consider several aspects such as the force majeure clause, duration, good faith, and mitigation efforts in their rulings. The study concludes that although a legal framework exists, more detailed and flexible regulations are needed to address the complexities of modern contractual relationships and ensure greater legal certainty. Therefore, it is recommended that the government develop additional legal instruments regulating force majeure in contractual agreements in Indonesia.
EVALUATION OF HYBRID MOVIE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM BASED ON NEURAL NETWORKS Widjaja, William; Robert; Johanes Terang Kita Perangin - Angin
JURTEKSI (jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi) Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): Juni 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) STMIK Royal Kisaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33330/jurteksi.v11i3.4079

Abstract

Abstract: Recommendation systems are becoming increasingly important with the growth of streaming platforms. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of Content-Based Filtering, Neural Collaborative Filtering, and a combination of both in a movie recommendation system. The method used in this study involves retrieving movie details from the TMDB API and ratings from the MovieLens 32M Dataset (2010-2023). Each model's performance is evaluated using evaluation metrics such as RMSE and MAE. The results of this study indicate that Neural Collaborative Filtering achieves the best prediction performance (RMSE = 0.785423, MAE = 0.581262), followed by the hybrid model (RMSE = 0.800863, MAE = 0.660872), while Content-Based Filtering produces low performance and limits the capabilities of the hybrid model. In conclusion, these findings highlight the superiority of latent feature-based models such as NCF that learn directly from user interaction patterns over content-based approaches in the context of modern recommendation systems. Keywords: content-based filtering; hybrid filtering; movie recommendation; neural collaborative filtering. Abstrak: Sistem rekomendasi menjadi semakin penting seiring berkembangnya platform streaming. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan kinerja Content-Based Filtering, Neural Collaborative Filtering dan kombinasi keduanya dalam sistem rekomendasi film. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini melibatkan pengambilan detail film dari TMDB API dan rating dari dataset MovieLens 32M Dataset (2010-2023). Setiap peforma model dievaluasi dengan menggunakan metrik evaluasi seperti RMSE dan MAE. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Neural Collaborative Filtering mencapai kinerja prediksi terbaik (RMSE = 0.785423, MAE = 0.581262), diikuti oleh model hybrid (RMSE = 0.800863, MAE = 0.660872), sementara Content-Based Filtering menghasilkankan peforma yang rendah dan membatasi kemampuan model hybrid. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini menyoroti superiotas model berbasis latent feature seperti NCF yang belajar langsung dari pola interaksi pengguna dibandingkan pendekatan berbasis konten dalam konteks sistem rekomendasi modern. Kata kunci: content-based filtering; hybrid filtering; neural collaborative filtering; rekomendasi film.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Perpustakaan SMA Kumnamu Berbasis Web Robert; Saludin Muis; Yohanes Ari Setiawan
Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi Vol 2 No 1 (2022): Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Teknologi (SINTEK)
Publisher : LPPM STMIK KUWERA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56995/sintek.v2i1.40

Abstract

Pada zaman ini, sistem informasi merupakan suatu hal yang penting untuk sebuah organisasi miliki. Perpustakaan SMA Kumnamu saat ini masih dilakukan secara manual dengan hanya mengandalkan buku besar yang berisikan transaksi peminjaman buku dan pendataan buku serta anggota hanya dilakukan menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan masalah yang dijelaskan, dapat dihasilkan hipotesis bahwa perpustakaan SMA Kumnamu memerlukan sistem informasi yang dapat mengelola seluruh administrasi secara terkomputerisasi agar seluruh transaksi, data buku, dan data anggota dapat tersimpan secara baik dalam database sistem serta untuk melihat perkembangan tingkat literasi siswa/i-nya. Sistem informasi dibangun menggunakan metode Waterfall untuk mendeskripsikan alur penelitian, tahapan untuk merancang sistem menggunakan UML, MySql sebagai database sistem, dan PHP serta HTML untuk bahasa pemrograman, sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur.
Penyuluhan Hukum tentang Kewajiban Pengungkapan Pemilik Manfaat pada Pengusaha HIPPI Sumatera Utara Lubis, Tri Murti; Robert; Joiverdia Arifiyanto; Purba, Hadyan Yunhas
Milthree Law Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Juli
Publisher : PT. Adikara Cipta Aksa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70565/mlj.v1i2.16

Abstract

Pemisahan entitas antara pemilik dan perusahaan sering kali disalahgunakan. Permasalahan utama adalah banyak anggota mitra yang belum mengetahui atau memahami bahwa terdapat berbagai Peraturan Perundang-undangan, mulai dari Undang-Undang, Peraturan Pemerintah, hingga Peraturan Lembaga/Institusi, yang mengatur kewajiban pengungkapan pemilik manfaat (beneficial ownership) suatu badan usaha. Ketidaktahuan ini berpotensi meningkatkan risiko penyalahgunaan badan usaha untuk tujuan ilegal. Universitas Sumatera Utara, sebagai institusi pendidikan yang menjalankan Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi, berencana untuk melaksanakan program pengabdian bekerja sama dengan Himpunan Pengusaha Pribumi Indonesia (HIPPI) DPD Sumatera Utara dalam skema Mono Tahun Reguler. Program ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Meningkatkan pemahaman tentang kewajiban pengungkapan pemilik manfaat (beneficial ownership) pada badan usaha kepada negara, dan (2) Mencapai pemahaman yang lebih baik di kalangan pelaku usaha yang tergabung dalam mitra mengenai tata cara pelaporan pemilik manfaat (beneficial ownership) dari badan usaha mereka kepada negara. Pengabdian ini akan dilaksanakan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu: (1) Sosialisasi mengenai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pengungkapan pemilik manfaat (beneficial ownership) suatu badan usaha; dan (2) Diskusi Terfokus yang membahas tata cara pengungkapan pemilik manfaat (beneficial ownership) suatu badan usaha kepada negara
LEGAL PROTECTION OF PUBLIC INVESTORS WHO CONDUCT STOCK SPLIT BASED ON POJK NUMBER 15/POJK.04/2022 Obaja Capandi Saut Horas Sinaga; Sunarmi; Robert
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): June
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59733/jishup.v2i2.77

Abstract

Legal Protection for Public Investors Carrying out Stock Splits Based on POJK Number 15/POJK.04/2022. In the capital market, public investors play an important role in providing funds for companies listed on the stock exchange. One strategy often used by companies to increase the liquidity of their shares is a stock split. However, stock splits also have risks for public investors. Therefore, adequate legal protection is needed for public investors who carry out stock splits. This research aims to analyze legal protection for public investors who carry out stock splits based on Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) Number 15/POJK.04/2022. The research method used is a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and case analysis. The research results show that POJK Number 15/POJK.04/2022 has provided sufficient legal protection for public investors. This protection includes the company's obligation to provide transparent and accurate information regarding the stock split, including the reasons and impact on share prices. Apart from that, POJK also regulates sanctions for companies that violate these provisions. However, this research also found that there are several weaknesses in the implementation of this regulation, such as a lack of supervision and strict law enforcement against companies that commit violations. Therefore, efforts are needed to increase supervision and law enforcement by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) to ensure effective legal protection for public investors. Thus, it is hoped that this research can contribute to improving legal protection for public investors who carry out stock splits, as well as providing input for the OJK in formulating better policies in the future.
Perlindungan Hukum bagi Debitur dalam Kasus Likuidasi Bank: Studi atas Status Sertifikat Hak Milik sebagai Agunan Winda Asry; Mhd. Yamin; Edy Ikhsan; Robert
JOM Vol 5 No 4 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Desember 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Tribakti Lirboyo Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33367/ijhass.v5i4.6547

Abstract

Bank liquidation has significant legal implications, particularly for debtors, such as developers, who use certificates of ownership on land as collateral for loans. Law Number 4 of 2023 on the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector regulates bank liquidation through asset liquidation and debt collection processes, which impact the legal standing of debtors, especially concerning the transfer or sale of pledged assets. This study examines the legal status of certificates of ownership used as collateral in banks undergoing liquidation and evaluates the legal protection available to certificate owners. Additionally, it analyzes judicial considerations in protecting developers' rights in cases involving bank liquidation. This research adopts a normative legal approach, utilizing library research techniques for data collection and qualitative descriptive analysis for data interpretation. The findings reveal that developers, as debtors, remain legally obligated to repay debts even if the bank holding the collateral undergoes liquidation. However, legal uncertainties arise regarding the status of certificates of ownership used as collateral, as such assets may be sold through auctions despite the developer's expectation of loan settlement. Consequently, ensuring legal protection for developers is crucial to safeguard their rights, prevent unauthorized transfers or seizures of collateral, and promote transparency in the liquidation process overseen by the Indonesian Deposit Insurance Corporation (LPS). The study highlights the need for clear legal frameworks to balance creditor and debtor rights, ensuring fairness and legal certainty during bank liquidation.
Pengaruh Pemberian Pre-Test dan Post-Test Terhadap Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Pengolahan Sampah: The Effect of Providing Pre-Tests and Post-Tests on Community Knowledge About Waste Management Nur safitri; Magfira Malik; Sri Hera Wati; Siti Dzahra; Geby Gosal; Nur Iftita Rini; Syahrial Akbar; Robert; Eka Prasetia Hati Baculu; Muh Anzar
Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains Vol. 7 No. 5: MEI 2024
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/jks.v7i5.5252

Abstract

Salah satu permasalahan yang sering ditemui di masyarakat adalah pengolahan sampah. Sampah dapat menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan apabila keberadaannya tidak tertangani dengan baik. Sampah selalu timbul menjadi persoalan rumit dalam masyarakat yang kurang memiliki kepekaan terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat terkait pengolahan sampah di Desa Petapa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data adalah data primer observasi dan penyuluhan serta dokumentasi. Instrsumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa kuesioner di mana waktu penelitian dilaksanakan tanggal 1 sampai 7 februari 2024. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 16 masyarakat desa petapa. Hasil penelitian ini di peroleh Hasil uji t- berpasangan menunjukkan nilai Sig = 0,001 (?0,05) hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan pemahaman terkait pengolahan sampah sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan bahwa di desa petapa masyarakatnya lebih banyak membuang sampah sembarangan dari mengolah sampah.penyebab masyarakat tidak melakukan pengelohan sampah karena kurangannya pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat.
PENGARUH COMPETITIVE PRICING DAN CUSTOMER PERCEIVED VALUE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENJUAL SMARTPHONE INFINIX PADA GERAI PENJUALAN SMARTPHONE DI PONTIANAK DAN KUBU RAYA DENGAN BRAND IMAGE SEBAGAI VARIABEL PEMEDIASI Robert; Georgerius Graceallah
MANAJEMEN DEWANTARA Vol 9 No 2 (2025): MANAJEMEN DEWANTARA
Publisher : Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30738/md.v9i3.20738

Abstract

This research aims to examine the relationship between the competitive pricing variable and customer perceived value on the decision to sell Infinix smartphones at sales outlets in Pontianak City and Kubu Raya Regency. Additionally, this study also analyzes the role of brand image as a mediating variable in the relationship between independent variables (competitive pricing and customer perceived value) and the dependent variable (selling decision). This research uses a quantitative approach. All outlets selling Infinix brand smartphones in Pontianak City and Kubu Raya Regency constitute the population in this study. Census method was used in sampling where the entire population was included as part of the sample. sample size in this study was 63 smartphone outlets spread across various regions in Pontianak City and Kubu Raya Regency. The research results indicate that brand image has a positive and significant effect on selling decisions, competitive pricing and customer perceived value have a positive and significant effect on brand image, competitive pricing and customer perceived value do not have a significant effect on selling decisions, competitive pricing and customer perceived value has a significant indirect effect on selling decisions through brand image.
Utilization of Shell Waste as Fine Aggregate in K225 Quality Concrete Utomo, Satriyo; Rahmasari, Puspita; Supardi, Iwan; Riyanti, Eva; Robert
International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2026): IJRVOCAS - Special Issues - Hybrid International Conference on Construction, Ma
Publisher : Yayasan Ghalih Pelopor Pendidikan (Ghalih Foundation)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v5i4.307

Abstract

Conventional concrete materials derived from natural resources cause environmental problems. This encourages the development of concrete using recycled materials for sustainability reasons. One such material is shellfish, which is used to replace aggregates in concrete, both fine and coarse aggregates. This study conducted an experimental study using shellfish waste as a fine aggregate in a concrete mixture. Utilization of shellfish waste not only reduces environmental problems but can also provide economic value to construction, as well as an effort to conserve natural resources. Shellfish waste was obtained from the coast of Mempawah Regency. The planned test specimens were 15x15x15 cm cubes with a target quality of K225 kg/cm². The test specimens were made with a composition of sand with shellfish sand in proportions of 0%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 100%. Physical properties of shellfish sand were tested, slump tests were conducted to determine the effect of shellfish sand on concrete viscosity, and concrete compression tests were conducted at the age of 28 days to determine the effect of shellfish sand on concrete strength. The compressive strength test results with 0% substitution = 246.22 kg/cm² or 24.15 MPa. 5% substitution = 211.98 kg/cm² or 20.79 MPa, resulting in a 5.79% decrease in quality. 7% substitution = 195.10 kg/cm² or 19.3 MPa, resulting in a 13.29% decrease in quality. 9% substitution = 176.14 kg/cm² or 17.27 MPa, resulting in a 21.72% decrease in quality. 100% substitution = 155.56 kg/cm² or 15.25 MPa, resulting in a 30.86% decrease in quality. The greater the substitution of the shell sand mixture, the greater the decrease in quality.
JURIDICAL ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF CRYPTOCURRENCY (CRYPTO ASSETS) AS A MEANS OF MONEY LAUNDERING AND ITS HANDLING BASED ON THE REGULATIONS OF THE COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING SUPERVISORY AGENCY (BAPPEBTI) NO.5 AND NO.6 OF 2019 Siregar, Achmad Kamal Mansur; Sunarmi; Robert
Ultimate Journal of Legal Studies Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Development of Legal Science
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

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Abstract

The development of financial technology has given rise to Cryptocurrency as a popular form of digital asset in various parts of the world, including Indonesia. Its decentralized nature, high anonymity, and ease of cross-border transactions make Cryptocurrency an instrument vulnerable to misuse, including as a means of money laundering (TPPU). This study aims to: (1) analyze the legal provisions governing the prohibition of Cryptocurrency as a means of money laundering; (2) assess the extent to which Indonesian positive law, specifically BAPPEBTI Regulation No. 5 of 2019 and BAPPEBTI Regulation No. 6 of 2019, is adequate in preventing crypto misuse; and (3) identify strategies for prevention, supervision, and enforcement against crypto-based money laundering practices in Indonesia. The research method used is normative legal research with a juridical-descriptive approach. The research data was obtained from primary legal materials in the form of laws and court decisions, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of legal literature, scientific journals, official agency reports, and actual case studies. The analysis was conducted qualitatively by interpreting and examining the alignment between legal norms and field practices. The results show that although BAPPEBTI Regulations No. 5 and No. 6 of 2019 provide a legal basis for regulating the trading of crypto assets as digital commodities, these regulations still focus more on the technical aspects of trading and asset registration, rather than on preventing money laundering. This indicates that national legal instruments still have weaknesses in terms of enforcement, inter-agency coordination, human resource capacity, and international cooperation.