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Penerapan dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dan aktivitas fisik sebagai strategi pencegahan hipertensi dan stroke pada lansia Astuti, Dewi Woro; Puteri, Hidayatusy Syukrina; Hervidea, Radella; Jayadi, Ajib; Saleh, Asep Jalaludin
JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns Vol. 5 No. 12 (2026): JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/phc.v5i12.2480

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem among the elderly and a key risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence increases with age, with high sodium intake, low fiber diet, and lack of physical activity as modifiable risk factors. Educational interventions through Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and regular physical activity have been proven effective in reducing blood pressure, improving healthy behaviors, and enhancing quality of life. Elderly populations in rural areas face limited access to health information, making community-based approaches essential for improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in preventing hypertension and stroke. Purpose: Improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the elderly in implementing a healthy lifestyle through education on dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and physical activity. Method: The study was conducted on November 2, 2025, at Tanjung Rejo Village Hall, Pesawaran District, Lampung, involving 60 elderly participants aged ≥60 years selected using purposive sampling. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest one group design was applied, with interventions including health education, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet menu demonstrations, simple physical activities, and two weeks of mentoring. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess knowledge and behavior, while blood pressure was measured with a digital sphygmomanometer. Analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Significant improvements were observed in knowledge, healthy eating behavior, and physical activity after the intervention. Knowledge increased from 40% (fair) at pre-test to 70% (good) at post-test, healthy eating behavior from 45% (fair) to 60% (good), and physical activity from 70% (inactive) to 65% (active). Mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 152 ± 12 mmHg to 138 ± 10 mmHg, and diastolic from 94 ± 8 mmHg to 86 ± 6 mmHg, with paired t-test results showing significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: DASH diet education and physical activity proved effective in improving knowledge, healthy behaviors, and reducing blood pressure among the elderly. This intervention can serve as a relevant preventive strategy against hypertension and stroke, focusing on lifestyle modification through healthy diet and regular physical activity. The significant reduction in blood pressure highlights meaningful clinical impact, supporting the recommendation of community-based educational programs to enhance elderly quality of life. Suggestion: Sustainable DASH diet and physical activity programs should be integrated into elderly health services at the community level. Strengthening the role of families and health cadres, supported by culturally adapted modules and innovative educational media, is essential. Future research should employ more comprehensive designs, larger samples, and longer evaluation periods to provide stronger scientific evidence, while community-based programs are recommended to maintain healthy lifestyle changes among the elderly. Keywords: DASH; Diet; Elderly; Hypertension and stroke; Physical activity; Prevention Pendahuluan: Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada lansia yang menjadi faktor risiko penting terhadap stroke dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Prevalensi hipertensi terus meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia, dengan pola makan tinggi natrium dan rendah serat serta kurangnya aktivitas fisik sebagai faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi. Intervensi berbasis edukasi melalui pola makan Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dan aktivitas fisik teratur terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah, memperbaiki perilaku hidup sehat, serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup lansia. Lansia di pedesaan menghadapi keterbatasan akses informasi kesehatan sehingga pendekatan berbasis komunitas menjadi strategi penting untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku dalam pencegahan hipertensi dan stroke. Tujuan: Meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku lansia dalam menerapkan gaya hidup sehat melalui edukasi dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dan aktivitas fisik. Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada 2 November 2025 di Balai Desa Tanjung Rejo Kabupaten Pesawaran, Lampung dengan melibatkan 60 lansia berusia ≥60 tahun yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasi-experimental pretest–posttest one group design, dengan intervensi berupa penyuluhan kesehatan, demonstrasi menu diet Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), praktik aktivitas fisik sederhana, serta pendampingan selama dua minggu. Instrumen berupa kuesioner digunakan untuk mengukur pengetahuan dan perilaku, sedangkan tekanan darah diukur dengan tensimeter digital, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial uji paired t-test. Hasil: Adanya peningkatan signifikan pada pengetahuan, perilaku pola makan sehat, dan aktivitas fisik lansia setelah intervensi edukasi diet DASH dan aktivitas fisik sederhana. Mayoritas tingkat pengetahuan meningkat dari kategori cukup (40%) pada pre-test menjadi baik (70%) pada post-test, perilaku pola makan sehat dari cukup (45%) menjadi baik (60%), serta aktivitas fisik dari kurang aktif (70%) menjadi aktif (65%). Selain itu, rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik menurun dari 152 ± 12 mmHg menjadi 138 ± 10 mmHg dan diastolik dari 94 ± 8 mmHg menjadi 86 ± 6 mmHg, dengan hasil uji paired t-test menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (p-value<0.05). Simpulan: Edukasi diet DASH dan aktivitas fisik terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, perilaku hidup sehat, serta menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia. Intervensi ini dapat dijadikan strategi preventif yang relevan dalam pencegahan hipertensi dan stroke, dengan fokus pada perubahan gaya hidup melalui penerapan pola makan sehat dan aktivitas fisik teratur. Penurunan tekanan darah yang signifikan menunjukkan adanya dampak klinis yang bermakna, sehingga program edukasi berbasis komunitas direkomendasikan untuk mendukung peningkatan kualitas hidup lansia. Saran: Perlunya program edukasi diet DASH dan aktivitas fisik yang berkelanjutan melalui integrasi dengan layanan kesehatan lansia di masyarakat. Peran keluarga dan kader kesehatan perlu diperkuat, dengan dukungan modul berbasis budaya lokal dan media edukasi inovatif. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan desain lebih komprehensif, sampel lebih besar, dan periode evaluasi lebih panjang agar bukti ilmiah lebih kuat, sementara program berbasis komunitas direkomendasikan untuk mempertahankan gaya hidup sehat lansia.
Efektivitas penyuluhan gizi berbasis prinsip B2SA terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ibu dalam upaya pemenuhan gizi seimbang bagi balita Puteri, Hidayatusy Syukrina; Kustiani, Ai; Astuti, Dewi Woro; Harvidea, Radella; Nurhartanto, Adhi
JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): JOURNAL of Public Health Concerns
Publisher : Indonesian Public Health-Observer Information Forum (IPHORR) Kerja sama dengan: Unit Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kep Akademi Keperawatan Baitul Hikmah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56922/phc.v6i2.2730

Abstract

Background: Indonesia still faces the serious challenge of triple burden malnutrition, particularly in rural areas such as Hajimena Village, South Lampung. Limited access to nutrition information and suboptimal utilization of local foods are major obstacles to toddler feeding practices. The principle of Diverse, Nutritious, Balanced, and Safe Food (B2SA), as outlined in the "Isi Piringku" concept, presents a strategic approach to address this issue. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition counseling and the level of maternal knowledge based on the B2SA principle, utilizing the potential of local foods to meet balanced nutrition needs for toddlers. Method: The activity was conducted on Wednesday, January 21, 2026, at the Cemara Kebun Bibit Integrated Health Post (Posyandu), Hajimena Village, South Lampung Regency. This study used a one-group pre-test and post-test design. A sample of 36 respondents was drawn using a purposive sampling technique in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: mothers with toddlers aged 6–59 months, willing to participate by signing an informed consent, and participating in the entire activity from start to finish. The intervention consisted of a 120-minute nutrition counseling session through interactive lectures, group discussions, and menu preparation demonstrations using local food ingredients. The assessment instrument used a structured questionnaire on B2SA knowledge and “Isi Piringku” (My Plate) consisting of 10 multiple-choice items with a score of 0–100). Measurements were taken before the counseling session (pre-test) and after the counseling session (post-test). In addition to the questionnaire, a participant observation sheet was used to record participant involvement during the intervention. Comparisons of pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test at a significance level of α=0.05. Percentage changes in knowledge and attitudes were calculated to determine the trend of improvement. Results: The median level of knowledge of respondents before the counseling session was 9.00, with a range of 2-10 points, and after the counseling session, the median score was 10, with a range of 4-10 points. The statistical test yielded a Z-value of -3.483 with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: The "Isi Piringku" (B2SA)-based nutrition counseling program, utilizing local foods, has been shown to have a positive and significant impact on improving the knowledge of mothers of toddlers. Nutrition education with a participatory, contextual approach, and based on local potential is an effective strategy for accelerating community nutrition improvement. Suggestion: Mothers of toddlers are encouraged to apply the "Isi Piringku" (B2SA) principles with local foods (cassava, corn, bananas, fish, and moringa leaves). Community health centers (Puskesmas) and the Health Office are recommended to make this counseling model a priority program for stunting reduction, integrated with integrated health posts (Posyandu) and cadre training. Keywords: B2SA; Balanced nutrition; Local foods; Maternal knowledge; Nutrition counseling; Toddlers Pendahuluan: Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan serius berupa beban gizi tiga kali lipat (triple burden malnutrition), terutama di wilayah perdesaan seperti Desa Hajimena, Lampung Selatan. Minimnya akses informasi gizi dan pemanfaatan pangan lokal yang belum optimal menjadi kendala utama dalam praktik pemberian makan balita. Prinsip pangan Beragam, Bergizi, Seimbang, dan Aman (B2SA) yang dituangkan dalam konsep "Isi Piringku" hadir sebagai pendekatan strategis untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan: Untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penyuluhan gizi dan tingkat pengetahuan ibu berbasis prinsip B2SA dengan memanfaatkan potensi pangan lokal dalam upaya pemenuhan gizi seimbang bagi balita. Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada Rabu, 21 Januari 2026, di Posyandu Cemara Kebun Bibit, Desa Hajimena, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan one group pre-test and post-test design. Mendapatkan sampel sebanyak 36 responden yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi: ibu memiliki balita usia 6–59 bulan, bersedia menjadi responden dengan menandatangani informed consent, dan mengikuti seluruh rangkaian kegiatan dari awal hingga akhir. Intervensi berupa penyuluhan gizi berdurasi 120 menit melalui ceramah interaktif, diskusi kelompok, dan demonstrasi penyusunan menu menggunakan bahan pangan lokal. Instrumen penilaian menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur tentang pengetahuan B2SA dan “Isi Piringku” sebanyak 10 item pilihan ganda dengan skor 0–100). Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum penyuluhan (pre-test) dan setelah penyuluhan (post-test). Selain kuesioner, digunakan lembar observasi partisipatif untuk mencatat keterlibatan peserta selama intervensi. Perbandingan skor pre-test dan post-test dianalisis dengan Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank pada tingkat signifikansi α=0.05. Perubahan persentase pengetahuan dan sikap dihitung untuk melihat kecenderungan peningkatan. Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan responden sebelum penyuluhan mendapatkan nilai median sebesar 9.00 dengan rentang nilai 2-10 poin dan setelah penyuluhan mendapatkan nilai median sebesar 10 dengan rentang nilai 4-10 poin. Uji statistik mendapatkan nilai Z sebesar -3.483 dengan pValue 0.001. Simpulan: Program penyuluhan gizi berbasis pendekatan B2SA "Isi Piringku" dengan memanfaatkan pangan lokal terbukti memberikan dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu balita. Edukasi gizi dengan pendekatan partisipatif, kontekstual, dan berbasis potensi lokal menjadi salah satu strategi efektif dalam percepatan perbaikan gizi masyarakat. Saran: Ibu balita diharapkan mengaplikasikan prinsip B2SA "Isi Piringku" dengan pangan lokal (singkong, jagung, pisang, ikan, daun kelor). Puskesmas dan Dinas Kesehatan direkomendasikan menjadikan model penyuluhan ini sebagai program prioritas penurunan stunting, terintegrasi dengan Posyandu dan pelatihan kader.