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DATA PRIVACY AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN INDONESIA: DATA PRIVACY AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS IN INDONESIA Widodo, Junaidi Eko; Suganda, Atma; Tubagus Achmad Darodjat
PENA LAW: International Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): September
Publisher : Yayasan Pusat Cendekiawan Intelektual Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56107/penalaw.v2i2.187

Abstract

This article explores the connection between data privacy and constitutional rights in Indonesia, particularly within the framework of a democratic rule of law. The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia guarantees citizens' fundamental rights, including security and privacy. However, the rapid advancement of information technology has introduced new challenges for personal data protection. Currently, Indonesia's regulations, such as the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law), lack comprehensive measures to safeguard data privacy rights, as they are sectoral and fragmented. This article highlights the necessity of enacting the Personal Data Protection Bill (RUU PDP) as a crucial step in strengthening the legal framework for data privacy protection in Indonesia. Additionally, it compares international regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, as well as data protection laws in neighboring countries like Singapore and Malaysia. The article underscores that prioritizing the protection of personal data privacy rights is essential for safeguarding constitutional rights and individual dignity, as well as for fostering a secure and trustworthy digital ecosystem in Indonesia.
THE APPLICATION OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES IN INDONESIA'S ELECTORAL SYSTEM: THE APPLICATION OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES IN INDONESIA'S ELECTORAL SYSTEM Irawan, Taufik; Suganda, Atma; Rattanapun, Supot
PENA LAW: International Journal of Law Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): JANUARY
Publisher : Yayasan Pusat Cendekiawan Intelektual Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56107/penalaw.v2i3.200

Abstract

This research examines the application of democratic principles in the General Election system in Indonesia, focusing on aspects of popular sovereignty, equal suffrage, freedom of choice, and transparency and accountability. Based on a normative juridical approach, this research finds that although the Indonesian electoral system has adopted the principle of LUBER JURDIL and is regulated by various regulations that support democracy, its implementation still faces serious challenges. The practices of money politics, identity politics, and the spread of hoaxes still threaten the quality of elections and damage their integrity. This research provides recommendations that election supervision be strengthened, political education be expanded, and law enforcement against election violations be sharpened to improve the quality of democracy in Indonesia.
The Application of Democratic Principles in Indonesia's Electoral System Syarif Hidayat, Anang; Suganda, Atma; Rattanapun, Supot
LAW & PASS: International Journal of Law, Public Administration and Social Studies Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : PT. Multidisciplinary Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/lawpass.v1i4.39

Abstract

This study aims to analyse the application of democratic principles in Indonesia's electoral system, focusing on the suitability of the implementation of the Direct, General, Free, Honest and Fair principle and the factors that hinder the effectiveness of its implementation. The results show that although Indonesia has adopted democratic principles in the organisation of elections, there are some challenges, such as the practice of money politics, unequal access to voters, and low voter participation. However, overall, the principle of Direct, General, Free, Honest and Fair has been applied in various stages of the election, and the role of organising bodies such as the General Election Commission and the General Election Supervisory Agency has increased transparency and accountability. Nonetheless, there is a need to continue improving electoral mechanisms to address existing problems and improve the quality of Indonesian democracy. This research provides recommendations for the strengthening of political education, the application of technology in elections, as well as an evaluation of the threshold policy and the role of mass media in voter education.
The Role of The Constitutional Court in Maintaining the Balance of Power in Indonesia Setyawan, Dony; Suganda, Atma; Akkapin, Supaphorn
LAW & PASS: International Journal of Law, Public Administration and Social Studies Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024): October
Publisher : PT. Multidisciplinary Press Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/lawpass.v1i4.40

Abstract

The role of the Constitutional Court in maintaining the balance of power in Indonesia is crucial in ensuring the achievement of a democratic and fair system of government. As an institution mandated to safeguard the constitution, the Constitutional Court has the main function of conducting judicial reviews of laws that conflict with the 1945 Constitution, as well as overseeing general and regional elections. In addition, the Constitutional Court also acts as a protector of citizens' constitutional rights, ensuring that economic, social and cultural rights are respected and protected. Through its authority, the Constitutional Court plays an important role in maintaining the principle of checks and balances in Indonesia, preventing abuse of power, and strengthening the system of separation of powers between the executive, legislative and judicial branches. In this context, the Constitutional Court functions as an independent and objective constitutional watchdog institution, which is an important element in maintaining the stability and sustainability of democracy in Indonesia.
Legal Certainty of the Meaning of the Parties' Agreement on the Authorized Capital of a Limited Liability Company Wirawan, Helex; Yusuf Hasibuan, Fauzie; Suganda, Atma
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i1.415

Abstract

The impact of changing the amount of PT capital to an agreement between the parties has led to a lack of legal certainty for the involved parties. A significant legal conflict exists between Article 32 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and Article 109 paragraph (1) of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation. The changes allow the amount of PT capital to be determined based on the agreement of the company's founders, leading to ambiguity in legal certainty. This research aims to examine and analyze the legal consequences of these regulations on the basic capital requirements for Limited Liability Companies in Indonesia, and to assess the legal certainty surrounding the agreement between parties regarding PT capital. The research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The analysis is grounded in the Theory of Legal Certainty (Grand Theory), Development Law Theory (Middle Range Theory), and the Theory of Good Corporate Governance (Applied Theory). The research found that changes in the regulation of basic capital, following the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023, have contributed to legal uncertainty. This study aims to provide legal clarity on the consequences of these regulatory changes and their impact on corporate governance and legal compliance in Indonesia.
The Role of Corporate Accountability in Reducing State Revenue Losses Due to Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion Suryaman, David Harmaen; Hasibuan, Fauzie Yusuf; Suganda, Atma
Advances In Social Humanities Research Vol. 3 No. 10 (2025): Advances In Social Humanities Research
Publisher : Sahabat Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46799/adv.v3i10.486

Abstract

Corporate tax avoidance and evasion significantly undermine state revenue. In Indonesia, although corporations are legally recognized as criminal subjects, enforcement remains weak, as liability is often imposed on individual executives rather than on the corporation itself. This study aims to analyze forms of corporate accountability in cases of tax avoidance and evasion and to assess the effectiveness of its application in reducing state revenue losses. This study employs a juridical-normative approach combined with comparative and empirical analysis. National and international legal sources, academic literature, judicial decisions, and data from the Directorate General of Taxes are examined to assess the effectiveness of corporate liability in reducing the tax gap. Findings reveal that weak enforcement encourages corporations to treat tax non-compliance as a rational cost-benefit decision. In contrast, experiences in the UK and Australia show that robust liability regimes, including Deferred Prosecution Agreements and reputational sanctions, significantly improve corporate tax compliance. The study contributes academically by strengthening the discourse on corporate criminal liability in taxation, and practically by offering policy recommendations to enhance Indonesia’s fiscal regime through proportional sanctions, reputational mechanisms, and stronger inter-agency coordination.
Legal Certainty in Investor Liability for Environmental Rehabilitation: The Role of Environmental Cost Allocation in the Coal Mining Sector Galenso, Vidi; Suganda, Atma; Achmad Darodjat, Tubagus
Journal Evidence Of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Journal Evidence Of Law (Agustus)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jel.v4i2.1445

Abstract

The coal mining sector contributes significantly to the Indonesian economy, but also leaves serious environmental impacts. This research aims to examine the legal certainty of investor responsibility in environmental restoration through an environmental costing mechanism. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that there are discrepancies between legal norms and their implementation in the field. Investor responsibility is often not carried out substantially, and there is no binding long-term accountability system after the expiry of the mining licence. This research provides novelty by proposing regulatory reconstruction based on the principles of strict liability, environmental justice, and digital-based transparency. In conclusion, it is necessary to strengthen the environmental law system that is more substantial and oriented towards ecological sustainability and intergenerational justice.
Citizenship, Statelessness, and the Constitution: A Critical Study of Legal Reform and International Obligations Taufiqurrahman, Taufiqurrahman; Suganda, Atma; Ariyamang, Watcharee
Journal Evidence Of Law Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Journal Evidence Of Law (Agustus)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jel.v4i2.1595

Abstract

The phenomenon of statelessness is a serious challenge for national and international legal systems, especially when a country's constitution is unable to guarantee effective protection of the right to nationality. This article aims to explore the tension between constitutional sovereignty and international obligations in addressing statelessness, as well as analyze how domestic legal frameworks can be reformulated to be more inclusive. Using a normative legal method and a comparative approach, this study examines three jurisdictions—Indonesia, Myanmar, and Latvia—and identifies three patterns of state failure: legitimized legal exclusion, transitional ambiguity, and administrative neglect. The findings suggest that constitutions should be positioned as dynamic legal instruments capable of internalizing international human rights principles, rather than mere expressions of state sovereignty. Through a transformative constitutionalism approach, this article emphasizes the importance of citizenship law reform involving the establishment of independent adjudicative mechanisms and the harmonization of legislation with international conventions. The main contribution of this research is the development of a typological model of state failure and the formulation of a multilevel reform agenda as a foundation for the formulation of more just and accountable legal policies for stateless individuals.
Reconstructing Legal Responsibility for Digital Signatures: A Socio-Semiotic Perspective in Indonesian Cyber Law Kadriah, Ayyub; Hasibuan, Faizie Yusuf; Suganda, Atma
Sinergi International Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/law.v3i4.813

Abstract

Digital signatures play a vital role in facilitating electronic legal transactions. Despite being regulated by various Indonesian laws, their effective implementation remains limited due to gaps in legal culture, institutional readiness, and technical validation. This study addresses two core questions: (1) How is the legal basis for digital signature protection situated within Indonesia’s digital legal culture? and (2) How can a fair legal accountability model be developed? The study offers a novel interdisciplinary perspective by combining legal protection theory, social change theory, legal responsibility theory, and legal semiotics. It frames digital signatures as legal symbols whose meaning has yet to be fully internalized by legal institutions and society. Using a normative-critical and qualitative approach, the study gathers insights from legal practitioners, regulators, academics, and digital signature users through semi-structured interviews. The data are thematically analyzed to identify institutional gaps and social perceptions. Findings indicate that digital signature protection in Indonesia remains overly formalistic. In judicial practice, they are not consistently accepted as legitimate legal evidence. Moreover, there is no strong accountability framework for misuse or digital identity fraud. The study concludes that digital signature protection must go beyond statutory recognition. It requires building legal meaning within society through increased public awareness, technological integration, and institutional reform. The state must develop an inclusive, adaptive framework that unites law, technology, and legal culture to ensure justice and trust in digital legal interactions.
Judicial Exile and International Judicial Reform: Rethinking the Independence of the Judiciary in a Global Context: Judicial Exile and International Judicial Reform: Rethinking the Independence of the Judiciary in a Global Context Muzakki, Fauzan; Suganda, Atma; Akkapin, Supaphorn
PENA LAW: International Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): September
Publisher : Yayasan Pusat Cendekiawan Intelektual Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56107/penalaw.v3i2.245

Abstract

Judicial independence is widely recognized as a cornerstone of justice, yet its realization in the international sphere faces increasing challenges from political pressures and global power asymmetries. This study introduces the concept of judicial alienation to capture the growing disconnection between the normative ideals of international courts and their perceived legitimacy. Using a qualitative design with a normative legal and comparative approach, the research examines primary legal instruments, including the Rome Statute, the UN Charter, and selected judgments of the International Criminal Court (ICC), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body (WTO DSB), complemented by secondary academic sources. Findings indicate three interrelated patterns: uneven jurisdiction, particularly the ICC’s disproportionate focus on African cases; legitimacy crises, reflected in recurring resistance to ICJ jurisdiction; and the limited scope of reforms, which tend to be procedural rather than structural. Comparative analysis further reveals that while the WTO DSB benefits from broader acceptance through its consensus-based mechanism, the ICC and ICJ remain vulnerable to contestation due to their direct engagement with state sovereignty. The discussion argues that judicial independence should be reconceptualized not only as a normative principle but also as a socio-political practice embedded in global governance. The study contributes theoretically by advancing an interdisciplinary framework and practically by offering reform-oriented recommendations for more inclusive, transparent, and sustainable international judicial institutions.