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Initial screening of covid-19 patients based on body mass index, blood glucose level and clinical characteristics Fioni Chandra; Sahna Ferdinand Ginting; Chrismis Novalinda Ginting; Refi Ikhtiari
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 13, No 1, (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol13.Iss1.art5

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia causing immune response dysfunction and decontrolled pathogens' spread. DM patients are more vulnerable towards infection. Regarding COVID-19 infection, it is essential and urgent to develop initial screening of DM or non-DM patients to establish effective clinical treatment.Objective: Understanding the implementation of initial screening for Diabetes Mellitus based on Blood Glucose Level (BGL) and Body Mass Index (BMI) as guidance in clinical care and how it affects BGL and clinical parameters of DM and non-DM patients indicated positive COVID-19.Methods: This research uses cohort retrospective study. COVID-19 patients in Royal Prima Hospital Medan match the purposive sampling inclusion criteria included in the research for further review through patient’s medical record. 168 samples were divided into 54 DM and 114 non-DM patients. The variables are BMI and BGL. Data will be analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test.Results: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients are dyspneu, chest pain, cough, fever, epigastric pain, etc. Result shows that majority of respondents have normal BMI without DM (72.8%). The Independent Sample T-Test analysis result shows a significant difference in BMI and BGL between DM and non-DM patients.Conclusion: Clinical evidence shows significant differences in BMI and BGL between DM and non-DM patients with COVID-19. Thus, BMI and BGL could be used as the initial screening to develop effective clinical treatment of controlled BGL of DM and non-DM COVID-19 patients based on clinical parameters evaluation.

Antifungal Analysis of Papaya Seed Extracts and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Tri Lestari Simangunsong; Ananda Putra; Sahna Ferdinand Ginting; Fiska Maya Wardhani; Hairus Abdullah; Refi Ikhtiari
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

The purpose of research is to investigate the antifungal potential of papaya seed extract and the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by C. papaya extract. Here we report 14 secondary metabolites from C. papaya seed extract detected by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Bioactive components were majority classified as fatty acid-methyl ester, heterocyclic amides, and phenolic compounds. The proposed mechanisms of those metabolites on inducing antifungal activity were comprehensively studied. We found that the n-hexane fraction was the solely fraction to produce the silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron images presented the aggregation and evenly distribution of spherical silver nanoparticles. The XRD exhibited the crystallization of the bio-organic synthetic phase based on the specific spectrum of 2-theta at 38.9 degree with miller index [1,1,1]. The particle size analyzer also confirmed the nanoscale of synthesized materials as in the average size of 92.1 nm (Z) and 0.406 (PI). Antifungal effects were examined by disc diffusion method upon each fraction with varying concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (w/w) against C. albicans. ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference among all fractions tested (p > 0.25). The antifungal activity was categorized as a moderate effect with the mean of inhibition zone ranging from 6.1 to 6.8 mm. However, the potential of papaya seed extract is relatively better than the papaya leaves extract, as previously reported. We suggest further studies on the molecular docking of the secondary metabolites against nanoparticle, and specific biomolecular analysis according to the mechanism of action.

Evaluation of wound healing potential of a sea cucumber (Actinopyga mauritiana) extract in mice (Mus musculus) ARFANI ARFANI; AHMAD RAIF; CHRISMIS NOVALINDA GINTING; REFI IKHTIARI
Jurnal Natural Volume 21 Number 3, October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Sea cucumbers are a marine source with biological activities that have been used in food as well as medicine in many Asian countries. Actinopyga mauritiana is one of the sea cucumber species with limited research about its bioactive activities. In this study, the wound healing activity of A. mauritiana extract in the form of cream, gel, and serum formulations in mice was investigated. The histopathology test was performed to evaluate the fibroblast and collagen dense levels in wound healing. Phytochemical screening has been carried out by the qualitative test of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins compounds. The A. mauritiana ethanol extract (SCAE) was added into cream, gel and serum formulations with various concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) and applied to the wounded area of mice. The wound healing activities and histopathology results indicated that serum 9%-SCAE performed the highest decrease of wound length 0.55 ± 0.32 compared to other groups with a density level of fibroblast and collagen are 10.00 ± 1.00 and 10.67 ± 0.00, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the wound healing activity of A.Mauritiana, which demonstrated promising therapeutic agents for wound healing and cosmetics applications in the future.

Potential Protective Effects of Balakka Fruit Extract (Phyllanthus emblica L.) Against Doxorubicin-Induced Pancreatic Toxicity in Rats Harahap, Viora Rezky; Ikhtiari, Refi; Ginting, Chrismis Novalinda; Raif, Martinus Ahmad
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 5, No 1: June 2020
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

The incidence of cancer is still high in the world, regionally and in Indonesia, where the incidence of new cases of breast cancer, uterine cervical cancer and lung cancer is the highest in Indonesia. The use of anthracycline doxorubicin as an anti-neoplastic agent is highly effective in various types of cancer in adults and children, including hematologic and solid tumors, but doxorubicin has serious organotoxicity, including pancreatic toxicity. The content of various compounds from Balakka fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica L.) which has been identified through various studies, especially its potential as a pancreatic protective agent, through its antioxidant, anti-diabetic/hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. To determine the potential protective effect of ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) against doxorubicin-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats. This study used an experimental study with a completely randomized design to determine the potential protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit (Phyllanthus Emblica L.) against doxorubicin-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The results of qualitative phytochemical tests on the ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids/triterpenoids, terpenoids and tannins. From the results of the different test results in the mean serial blood glucose levels more than 2 Kruskal Wallis groups, a significance value of p less than 0.05 was found, meaning that there were at least 2 groups that had a significant difference in fasting glucose levels (p = 0.003*) and TTGO test results at the 30th minute, 60th minute and 120th minute (p = 0.000*; p = 0.001*; p = 0.007*). The average fasting blood glucose levels of all treatment groups were in the normal range of 90 – 110 mg/dL. At the 120th minute of OGTT, it was found that the mean blood glucose level in the doxorubicin group reached 149.00 ± 7.99 mg/dL, still higher than the average level of the extract group, treatments 1 and 2 (p less than 0.05). And the mean blood glucose levels in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than the mean blood glucose levels in the doxorubicin group (p = 0.009*; p = 0.009*).The ethanolic extract of Balakka Phyllanthus Emblica L. fruit contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, triterpenoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Administration of ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit at a dose of 400 mg/kgBW can overcome pancreatic toxicity by maintaining a balance of glucose levels by decreasing blood glucose levels at the 30th minute, 60th minute, and 120th minute close to normal and can improve the pancreatic tissue of rats in a group of mice with doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of Dragon Fruit Peels Methanolic Extract Stephanie Renata Yosefa; Erny Tandanu; William Leslie; Silvia Fransisca; Evelyn Angie; Djamin Kartarino; Refi Ikhtiari
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 28, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.81216

Diarrhea is a global major health problem reported by 2.5 billion cases annually. Diarrhea accounts for 9% of child death worldwide or the second leading cause of death among toddlers. Many local people have used traditional medicine for diarrhea therapy. Dragon fruit is a herbal plant with high vitamins and various nutritious compounds. Therefore, this study determined antidiarrheal activity from dragon fruit peel methanolic extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This study was experimental with in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model used disc diffusion and microdilution assay against the diarrhea-causing pathogen (Escherichia coli). Meanwhile, the in vivo model used male Wistar rats induced by Castro oil. This study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) of dragon fruit peel extract against Escherichia coli were 50 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The increased dose of dragon fruit peel methanol extract has increased the antidiarrheal index. The highest and lowest antidiarrheal index was found in the dragon fruit methanol extract-3 (76.56%) and dragon fruit methanol extract-1 (43.28%). The dragon fruit peel methanol extract can be proposed as antidiarrhea and antibacterial therapy against the diarrhea-causing pathogen.

The antimicrobial study of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) extracted using deep euthectic solvent (DES) and ultrasonication Timotius Agung Soripada; Erny Tandanu; Refi Ikhtiari
Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia (JPKIM) Vol 15, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jpkim.v15i3.49349

This research is prompted by the emergence of various cases of infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance that often occur and the development of the latest research methods in the field of medicinal plants. One of the medicinal plants that is often used is Curcuma zedoaria which is generally extracted using conventional solvents. This research aims to find new innovations in the extraction process of medicinal plants. This research is a laboratory experiment carried out in vitro. This research uses the latest solvent, called DES (Deep Eutectic Solvent) with the help of ultrasonication to extract active compounds from C. zedoaria as a natural anti-bacterial. DES is known as an environmentally friendly solvent, cheap, easy to make, and is still relatively new in Indonesia. The C. zedoaria extraction process uses two types of DES solvent composition assisted by a ultrasonicator. The research results show that: White turmeric extract (C. zedoaria) obtained by extraction using DES solvent and ultrasonication. Ultrasonication results using 30%, 70% and 100% DES solvent showed antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli with a lower zone of inhibition compared to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Ultrasonication results using 30%, 70% and 100% DES solvent showed antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus with a lower zone of inhibition compared to ciprofloxacin. TLC data shows that the white turmeric extract obtanined contains various antimicrobial substances which allows to inhibit each other to such an extent that their activity is lower than ciprofloxacin.Keywords: C. zedoaria; Deep eutectic solvent; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Ultrasonication

Evaluation of wound healing potential of a sea cucumber (Actinopyga mauritiana) extract in mice (Mus musculus) ARFANI ARFANI; AHMAD RAIF; CHRISMIS NOVALINDA GINTING; REFI IKHTIARI
Jurnal Natural Volume 21 Number 3, October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jn.v21i3.19953

Sea cucumbers are a marine source with biological activities that have been used in food as well as medicine in many Asian countries. Actinopyga mauritiana is one of the sea cucumber species with limited research about its bioactive activities. In this study, the wound healing activity of A. mauritiana extract in the form of cream, gel, and serum formulations in mice was investigated. The histopathology test was performed to evaluate the fibroblast and collagen dense levels in wound healing. Phytochemical screening has been carried out by the qualitative test of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins compounds. The A. mauritiana ethanol extract (SCAE) was added into cream, gel and serum formulations with various concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) and applied to the wounded area of mice. The wound healing activities and histopathology results indicated that serum 9%-SCAE performed the highest decrease of wound length 0.55 ± 0.32 compared to other groups with a density level of fibroblast and collagen are 10.00 ± 1.00 and 10.67 ± 0.00, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the wound healing activity of A.Mauritiana, which demonstrated promising therapeutic agents for wound healing and cosmetics applications in the future.

Topical Application of Paraboea leuserensis on Excision Wound with Angiogenesis and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Analysis Heryani, Dyah Wijiana; Maya Wardhani, Fiska; Yensuari; Nazimuddin Putri, Nadya; Nardi, Leo; Ikhtiari, Refi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.2.300-316

Gagatan harimau or Paraboea leuserensis B.L. Burtt is an endemic plant that grows in limestone areas, natively found in Leuser Mountain Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study determines the wound healing potential of P. leuserensis gel-based ethanolic extract (PGEE) on full-thickness excision wounds based on the angiogenesis and VEGF expression. Here, we reported 67 compounds detected by LC-MS/MS from the ethanolic extract. The antibacterial activity regarding pathogenic wound infection was also investigated. The experimental study used 30 Rattus novergicus, randomly divided into five treatment groups: base gel as a negative control, Bioplacenton as a positive control, PGEE 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. Experimental data showed that PGEE indicated a significant effect on bacterial inhibition (p = 0.02), where the greatest inhibitory was found against S. epidermidis. Topical application of PGEE showed significant differences in the number of blood vessels of PGEE 2.5% and 10% (p = 0.007) and expression of VEGF (p<0.05). The correlation between the number of blood vessels and VEGF was also described with the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen, and wound diameter. Overall, this study demonstrates the pharmacological potential of PGEE for wound healing applications regarding angiogenesis and VEGF expression.

In vivo study of cardioprotective effect of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) extract Ikhtiari, Refi; Sari, Laura Kartika; Nasution, Ali Napiah; Ginting, Chrismis Novalinda; Handoko, Erwin; Lister, I Nyoman Ehrich
MEDISAINS Vol 20, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30595/medisains.v20i1.12502

Background: The excessive use of chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin might induce cardiovascular diseases. Heart-specific biomarker enzymes such as LDH and BNP indicated the early signs of cardiotoxicity. However, there is no report on the effect of bay leaf on LDH and BNP nor its bioactive compounds and histopathology analysis.Objective: This study aims to determine the cardioprotective effect of Ethanol Extract of Bay Leaf (EEBL) based on phytochemical analysis, LDH and BNP levels, and cardiac histology of rats administered with doxorubicin.Methods: About 24 Wistar rats were divided into six groups treated with 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW of EEBL with CMC-Na 0.5 %, vitamin E, and doxorubicin. Preconditioning was 14 days, followed by 21 days of intraperitoneal administration. LDH and BNP parameters were measured on days 1st, 7th, 14th, and 20th. Histology analysis was conducted on day 21st.Results: Dark green EEBL showed sufficient physical quality and properties for practical application in pharmacy. EEBL has significantly affected LDH, BNP, and cardio recovery dose-dependent. The most effective doses were observed at 500 mg/kg BW, and its performance is not statistically different from those of the commercial vitamin E. The histopathological images revealed significant improvements in interstitial edema, wavy fibers, hemorrhage, intracellular vacuole, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Here we report six bioactive compounds obtained from EEBL have cardioprotective effects; Neophytadiene, squalane, phytol, methyl palmitate, stigmasterol, and 9,12-Octadecanoic acid methyl ester.Conclusion: This study has shown the promising potential of bay leaf extract as a cardioprotector with sufficient quality pharmacological standards.

The Effect of Giving Coffee Pulp Extract Cream on the Healing of Cut Wounds in Wistar Rats Juita, Anggun; Ikhtiari, Refi; Tandanu, Erny; Claudia Malau, Reghita
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): February 2025 (Indonesia - Turkey - Malaysia - Australia - Iran)
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijhp.v5i1.409

Humans need skin to protect their internal organs, such as muscles, nerves, and bones, from disease. This study examines the effect of coffee grounds extract cream on wound healing in Wistar rats. This study is an experimental laboratory study. The research design used a post-test with a control group design or control on samples based on treatment groups to analyze the effect of coffee grounds extract on wound healing and skin histopathology in male Wistar white rats. According to the results of the study, coffee grounds extract accelerated wound healing in Wistar white rats, as shown by the average differences of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. This study shows that coffee grounds extract contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Research on skin histopathology on the best fibroblast tissue found that 10% coffee grounds extract cream was the most helpful in developing connective tissue in injured skin. The findings of this study are expected to help other researchers explore the effects of coffee grounds extract on skin collagen formation.

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