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Initial screening of covid-19 patients based on body mass index, blood glucose level and clinical characteristics Fioni Chandra; Sahna Ferdinand Ginting; Chrismis Novalinda Ginting; Refi Ikhtiari
JKKI : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia JKKI, Vol 13, No 1, (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/JKKI.Vol13.Iss1.art5

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia causing immune response dysfunction and decontrolled pathogens' spread. DM patients are more vulnerable towards infection. Regarding COVID-19 infection, it is essential and urgent to develop initial screening of DM or non-DM patients to establish effective clinical treatment.Objective: Understanding the implementation of initial screening for Diabetes Mellitus based on Blood Glucose Level (BGL) and Body Mass Index (BMI) as guidance in clinical care and how it affects BGL and clinical parameters of DM and non-DM patients indicated positive COVID-19.Methods: This research uses cohort retrospective study. COVID-19 patients in Royal Prima Hospital Medan match the purposive sampling inclusion criteria included in the research for further review through patient’s medical record. 168 samples were divided into 54 DM and 114 non-DM patients. The variables are BMI and BGL. Data will be analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test.Results: Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients are dyspneu, chest pain, cough, fever, epigastric pain, etc. Result shows that majority of respondents have normal BMI without DM (72.8%). The Independent Sample T-Test analysis result shows a significant difference in BMI and BGL between DM and non-DM patients.Conclusion: Clinical evidence shows significant differences in BMI and BGL between DM and non-DM patients with COVID-19. Thus, BMI and BGL could be used as the initial screening to develop effective clinical treatment of controlled BGL of DM and non-DM COVID-19 patients based on clinical parameters evaluation.

Effectiveness of Isotonic Beverages and Mineral Water Beverages to Recovery Time after Cooper Test Edward Valentino Butar-Butar; Refi Ikhtiari; Ahmad Raif Martinus
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : CV. Inara

Exercise is one way that can be done towards a healthy life. When exercising the body will lose a lot of fluid in the form of electrolytes through sweat. Most people after exercise will consume mineral water which causes a decrease in the concentration of sodium in the blood plasma thus reducing thirst further delaying the rehydration process. Currently popular with isotonic beverages that have a similar osmolarity value of body fluids, and have the benefit of restoring lost body fluids so that the body avoids dehydration. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of isotonic drinks and mineral water to the recovery of physical exercise after conducting a Cooper Test. The method used is experimental research Pretest - posttest Control Group Design.

The Effect of Isotonic Drinks on the Body's Recovery Time After Performing the Harvard Step Test Firman Erdona Sebayang; Refi Ikhtiari; Ahmad Raif
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): February 2022
Publisher : CV. Inara

Sport is an activity that is mostly done in the world. One of the most common problems experienced when exercising is dehydration. Dehydration occurs due to the amount of mineral fluid that is lost / out of the body so that it can cause the body to experience fatigue. During exercise or high physical activity, it has the potential to increase the pulse frequency because the higher the physical activity, the higher the increase in blood flow to supply nutrients and oxygen. The body will experience fatigue as a sign that the body has reached the limit of activity so that the body must rest. When the body rests the body will undergo a recovery process. At the time of recovery, hydration is needed to replace the body's lost minerals. While isotonic drinks have a composition similar to lost body fluids than ordinary mineral water. To determine the effect of isotonic fluid on blood pressure after doing the Harvard Step Test on recovery time, knowing the effect of isotonic fluid on pulse rate after doing the Harvard Step Test on recovery time, knowing the effect of isotonic fluid on Respiration rate after doing the Harvard Step Test on recovery time. The sig-p value of the normality test of recovery time. Respiration rate, heart rate and blood pressure with Shapiro Wilk were 0.001, 0.000 and 0.021 and 0.041, respectively, all of which were smaller than 0.05. The average value of the recovery time for the Respiratory Rate pre-test was 21.93 minutes while the average value for the recovery time for the Respiratory Rate post-test was 9.07 minutes with a sig-p value = 0.000 (p<0.05). This means that there is a significant decrease in the recovery time of the respiratory rate after administration of isotonic fluids (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The mean (average) recovery time of the pre-test Heart Rate is 21.80 minutes while the average value of the post-test Heart Rate recovery time is 9.20 minutes with a sig-p value = 0.000 (p<0.05). This means that there is a significant decrease in the recovery time of the Heart Rate after administration of isotonic fluids (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The average value of recovery time for pre-test blood pressure was 21.20 minutes while the average value of recovery time for post-test blood pressure was 9.80 minutes with sig-p = 0.000 (p<0.05). This means that there is a significant decrease in blood pressure recovery time after administration of isotonic fluids (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The average value of the recovery time for the respiratory rate pre-test was 21.03 minutes while the average value for recovery time for the respiratory rate post-test was 9.97 minutes with a sig-p value = 0.000 (p<0.05). This means that there is a significant decrease in the recovery time of the Respiration Rate after giving mineral water (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The average pre-test heart rate recovery time was 21.70 minutes while the post-test heart rate recovery time average was 10.30 minutes with sig-p = 0.000 (p<0.05). This means that there is a significant decrease in the recovery time of the Heart rate after giving mineral water (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The average value of recovery time for pre-test blood pressure was 16.27 minutes while the average value of post-test BP recovery time was 14.73 minutes with sig-p value = 0.653 (p>0.05). This means that there is no significant decrease in blood pressure recovery time after administration of mineral water (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The average value of isotonic recovery time is 36.68 minutes while the average value of mineral water recovery time is 54.32 minutes with a sig-p value = 0.001 (p<0.05).

Antifungal Analysis of Papaya Seed Extracts and Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Tri Lestari Simangunsong; Ananda Putra; Sahna Ferdinand Ginting; Fiska Maya Wardhani; Hairus Abdullah; Refi Ikhtiari
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

The purpose of research is to investigate the antifungal potential of papaya seed extract and the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by C. papaya extract. Here we report 14 secondary metabolites from C. papaya seed extract detected by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Bioactive components were majority classified as fatty acid-methyl ester, heterocyclic amides, and phenolic compounds. The proposed mechanisms of those metabolites on inducing antifungal activity were comprehensively studied. We found that the n-hexane fraction was the solely fraction to produce the silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron images presented the aggregation and evenly distribution of spherical silver nanoparticles. The XRD exhibited the crystallization of the bio-organic synthetic phase based on the specific spectrum of 2-theta at 38.9 degree with miller index [1,1,1]. The particle size analyzer also confirmed the nanoscale of synthesized materials as in the average size of 92.1 nm (Z) and 0.406 (PI). Antifungal effects were examined by disc diffusion method upon each fraction with varying concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (w/w) against C. albicans. ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference among all fractions tested (p > 0.25). The antifungal activity was categorized as a moderate effect with the mean of inhibition zone ranging from 6.1 to 6.8 mm. However, the potential of papaya seed extract is relatively better than the papaya leaves extract, as previously reported. We suggest further studies on the molecular docking of the secondary metabolites against nanoparticle, and specific biomolecular analysis according to the mechanism of action.

Evaluation of wound healing potential of a sea cucumber (Actinopyga mauritiana) extract in mice (Mus musculus) ARFANI ARFANI; AHMAD RAIF; CHRISMIS NOVALINDA GINTING; REFI IKHTIARI
Jurnal Natural Volume 21 Number 3, October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Sea cucumbers are a marine source with biological activities that have been used in food as well as medicine in many Asian countries. Actinopyga mauritiana is one of the sea cucumber species with limited research about its bioactive activities. In this study, the wound healing activity of A. mauritiana extract in the form of cream, gel, and serum formulations in mice was investigated. The histopathology test was performed to evaluate the fibroblast and collagen dense levels in wound healing. Phytochemical screening has been carried out by the qualitative test of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins compounds. The A. mauritiana ethanol extract (SCAE) was added into cream, gel and serum formulations with various concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) and applied to the wounded area of mice. The wound healing activities and histopathology results indicated that serum 9%-SCAE performed the highest decrease of wound length 0.55 ± 0.32 compared to other groups with a density level of fibroblast and collagen are 10.00 ± 1.00 and 10.67 ± 0.00, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the wound healing activity of A.Mauritiana, which demonstrated promising therapeutic agents for wound healing and cosmetics applications in the future.

Potential Protective Effects of Balakka Fruit Extract (Phyllanthus emblica L.) Against Doxorubicin-Induced Pancreatic Toxicity in Rats Harahap, Viora Rezky; Ikhtiari, Refi; Ginting, Chrismis Novalinda; Raif, Martinus Ahmad
Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Vol 5, No 1: June 2020
Publisher : Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu

The incidence of cancer is still high in the world, regionally and in Indonesia, where the incidence of new cases of breast cancer, uterine cervical cancer and lung cancer is the highest in Indonesia. The use of anthracycline doxorubicin as an anti-neoplastic agent is highly effective in various types of cancer in adults and children, including hematologic and solid tumors, but doxorubicin has serious organotoxicity, including pancreatic toxicity. The content of various compounds from Balakka fruit extract (Phyllanthus emblica L.) which has been identified through various studies, especially its potential as a pancreatic protective agent, through its antioxidant, anti-diabetic/hyperglycemic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. To determine the potential protective effect of ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) against doxorubicin-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats. This study used an experimental study with a completely randomized design to determine the potential protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit (Phyllanthus Emblica L.) against doxorubicin-induced pancreatic toxicity in rats (Rattus norvegicus). The results of qualitative phytochemical tests on the ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids/triterpenoids, terpenoids and tannins. From the results of the different test results in the mean serial blood glucose levels more than 2 Kruskal Wallis groups, a significance value of p less than 0.05 was found, meaning that there were at least 2 groups that had a significant difference in fasting glucose levels (p = 0.003*) and TTGO test results at the 30th minute, 60th minute and 120th minute (p = 0.000*; p = 0.001*; p = 0.007*). The average fasting blood glucose levels of all treatment groups were in the normal range of 90 – 110 mg/dL. At the 120th minute of OGTT, it was found that the mean blood glucose level in the doxorubicin group reached 149.00 ± 7.99 mg/dL, still higher than the average level of the extract group, treatments 1 and 2 (p less than 0.05). And the mean blood glucose levels in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than the mean blood glucose levels in the doxorubicin group (p = 0.009*; p = 0.009*).The ethanolic extract of Balakka Phyllanthus Emblica L. fruit contains flavonoids, phenols, tannins, triterpenoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Administration of ethanolic extract of Balakka fruit at a dose of 400 mg/kgBW can overcome pancreatic toxicity by maintaining a balance of glucose levels by decreasing blood glucose levels at the 30th minute, 60th minute, and 120th minute close to normal and can improve the pancreatic tissue of rats in a group of mice with doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activity of Dragon Fruit Peels Methanolic Extract Stephanie Renata Yosefa; Erny Tandanu; William Leslie; Silvia Fransisca; Evelyn Angie; Djamin Kartarino; Refi Ikhtiari
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 28, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.81216

Diarrhea is a global major health problem reported by 2.5 billion cases annually. Diarrhea accounts for 9% of child death worldwide or the second leading cause of death among toddlers. Many local people have used traditional medicine for diarrhea therapy. Dragon fruit is a herbal plant with high vitamins and various nutritious compounds. Therefore, this study determined antidiarrheal activity from dragon fruit peel methanolic extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This study was experimental with in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro model used disc diffusion and microdilution assay against the diarrhea-causing pathogen (Escherichia coli). Meanwhile, the in vivo model used male Wistar rats induced by Castro oil. This study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum killing concentration (MKC) of dragon fruit peel extract against Escherichia coli were 50 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The increased dose of dragon fruit peel methanol extract has increased the antidiarrheal index. The highest and lowest antidiarrheal index was found in the dragon fruit methanol extract-3 (76.56%) and dragon fruit methanol extract-1 (43.28%). The dragon fruit peel methanol extract can be proposed as antidiarrhea and antibacterial therapy against the diarrhea-causing pathogen.

The antimicrobial study of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) extracted using deep euthectic solvent (DES) and ultrasonication Timotius Agung Soripada; Erny Tandanu; Refi Ikhtiari
Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia (JPKIM) Vol 15, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jpkim.v15i3.49349

This research is prompted by the emergence of various cases of infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance that often occur and the development of the latest research methods in the field of medicinal plants. One of the medicinal plants that is often used is Curcuma zedoaria which is generally extracted using conventional solvents. This research aims to find new innovations in the extraction process of medicinal plants. This research is a laboratory experiment carried out in vitro. This research uses the latest solvent, called DES (Deep Eutectic Solvent) with the help of ultrasonication to extract active compounds from C. zedoaria as a natural anti-bacterial. DES is known as an environmentally friendly solvent, cheap, easy to make, and is still relatively new in Indonesia. The C. zedoaria extraction process uses two types of DES solvent composition assisted by a ultrasonicator. The research results show that: White turmeric extract (C. zedoaria) obtained by extraction using DES solvent and ultrasonication. Ultrasonication results using 30%, 70% and 100% DES solvent showed antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli with a lower zone of inhibition compared to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Ultrasonication results using 30%, 70% and 100% DES solvent showed antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus with a lower zone of inhibition compared to ciprofloxacin. TLC data shows that the white turmeric extract obtanined contains various antimicrobial substances which allows to inhibit each other to such an extent that their activity is lower than ciprofloxacin.Keywords: C. zedoaria; Deep eutectic solvent; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Ultrasonication

Evaluation of wound healing potential of a sea cucumber (Actinopyga mauritiana) extract in mice (Mus musculus) ARFANI ARFANI; AHMAD RAIF; CHRISMIS NOVALINDA GINTING; REFI IKHTIARI
Jurnal Natural Volume 21 Number 3, October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jn.v21i3.19953

Sea cucumbers are a marine source with biological activities that have been used in food as well as medicine in many Asian countries. Actinopyga mauritiana is one of the sea cucumber species with limited research about its bioactive activities. In this study, the wound healing activity of A. mauritiana extract in the form of cream, gel, and serum formulations in mice was investigated. The histopathology test was performed to evaluate the fibroblast and collagen dense levels in wound healing. Phytochemical screening has been carried out by the qualitative test of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, and saponins compounds. The A. mauritiana ethanol extract (SCAE) was added into cream, gel and serum formulations with various concentrations (3, 6, and 9%) and applied to the wounded area of mice. The wound healing activities and histopathology results indicated that serum 9%-SCAE performed the highest decrease of wound length 0.55 ± 0.32 compared to other groups with a density level of fibroblast and collagen are 10.00 ± 1.00 and 10.67 ± 0.00, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the wound healing activity of A.Mauritiana, which demonstrated promising therapeutic agents for wound healing and cosmetics applications in the future.

Topical Application of Paraboea leuserensis on Excision Wound with Angiogenesis and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Analysis Heryani, Dyah Wijiana; Maya Wardhani, Fiska; Yensuari; Nazimuddin Putri, Nadya; Nardi, Leo; Ikhtiari, Refi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.31.2.300-316

Gagatan harimau or Paraboea leuserensis B.L. Burtt is an endemic plant that grows in limestone areas, natively found in Leuser Mountain Area, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study determines the wound healing potential of P. leuserensis gel-based ethanolic extract (PGEE) on full-thickness excision wounds based on the angiogenesis and VEGF expression. Here, we reported 67 compounds detected by LC-MS/MS from the ethanolic extract. The antibacterial activity regarding pathogenic wound infection was also investigated. The experimental study used 30 Rattus novergicus, randomly divided into five treatment groups: base gel as a negative control, Bioplacenton as a positive control, PGEE 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. Experimental data showed that PGEE indicated a significant effect on bacterial inhibition (p = 0.02), where the greatest inhibitory was found against S. epidermidis. Topical application of PGEE showed significant differences in the number of blood vessels of PGEE 2.5% and 10% (p = 0.007) and expression of VEGF (p<0.05). The correlation between the number of blood vessels and VEGF was also described with the number of macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen, and wound diameter. Overall, this study demonstrates the pharmacological potential of PGEE for wound healing applications regarding angiogenesis and VEGF expression.

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