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GRAMMATICALITY AND UNGRAMMATICALITY OF TRANSFORMATIVE GENERATIVE GRAMMAR : A STUDY OF SYNTAX ., Nuryadi
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 1 No 1 (2010): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Tulisan ini membahas gramatika dan kaidah-kaidah yang menentukan struktur kalimat menurut tatabahasa transformasi generatif. Linguis transformasi generatif menggunakan istilah gramatika dalam pengertian yang lebih luas. Pada periode sebelumnya, gramatika dibagi menjadi morfologi dan sintaksis yang terpisah dari fonologi. Namun linguis transformasi generatif menggunakan pengertian gramatika yang mencakup fonologi. Kalimat atau ujaran yang memenuhi kaidah-kaidah gramatika disebut gramatikal, sedangkan yang berhubungan dengan gramatikal disebut kegramatikalan. Kegramatikalan adalah gambaran susunan kata-kata yang tersusun apik (well-formed) sesuai dengan kaidah sintaksis. Kalimat atau ujaran yang tidak tersusun secara well-formed disebut camping atau ill-formed. Gramatika mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis penggalan-penggalan ujaran serta mengelompokkan dan mengklasifikasikan elemen-elemen dari penggalan-penggalan tersebut. Dari pengelompokan tersebut dapat dijelaskan kalimat yang ambigu, dan diperoleh pengelompokkan kata atau frase yang disebut kategori sintaksis. Kegramatikalan tidak tergantung pada apakah kalimat atau ujaran itu pernah didengar atau dibaca sebelumnya. Kegramatikalan juga tidak tergantung apakah kalimat itu benar atau tidak. Yang terakhir kegramatikalan juga tidak tergantung pada apakah kalimat itu penuh arti atau tidak. Tulisan ini juga membahas hubungan bagian-bagian dalam kalimat terutama hubugan subyek dan predikat.

HUBUNGAN MAKNA: SUATU KAJIAN SEMANTIK ., Nuryadi
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 2 No 1 (2011): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

This paper discusses and explains sense relation. We give different definition between sense and meaning. Sense is a meaning of lexical unit distinguished from other meaning. Meanwhile, meaning is traditionally of something said to be expressed by a sentence. The formal approach to capture the lexical knowledge in a format compatible with the model-theoretical approach is meaning postulates. It would recognize automatically from knowledge rather than state in terms of component meaning of either word. Speaker and hearer have knowledge about many kinds of sense relation. Sense relation is a meaning of a lexical unit within the semantic system of a language. Sense relations discussed in this paper are entailment, inclusion, contradiction, anomaly, ambiguity, polisemy, homonymy, meronymy, referensy, presupposition and synonymy. Besides, we discusses meaning of paraphrase, denotation and connotation

PENERJEMAHAN PUISI HEUSCA KEDALAM BAHASA INDONSIA OLEH CHAIRIL ANWAR ., Nuryadi
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 3 No 1 (2012): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

This paper discusses English-poetry translation, Heusca by John Conford into Indonesian translated by Chairil Anwar. The purpose of this study is to determine how the translator considers aesthetic and expressive values from the source language and translate them into target language. Aesthetic values are the means of delivery thought through the use of poetic language such as diction or word choice, metaphor, imageri, and others figurative language. Meanwhile, the expressive values are the means of delivery thoughts through the author's mind or emotions such as structure, rhyme, and pronunciation. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis of the meaning. The results of analysis show that in terms of meaning, aesthetic values, and structures, Heusca is the result of a semantic translation and faithful to source language. Translator managed to retain the meaning of source language. In other word, the translation can meet the requirements of fidelity. In terms of expressive values in particular aspects of meter and rhyme are not so faithful to source language because the source language and the target language have some differences. Basically, this is acceptable that the Indonesian language as target language has a very big difference in terms of pronunciation with English as the source language. As a result, meter and rhyme of target language may not be forced into the source language without damaging the naturalness of meaning for target language readers. It can be said that the translation can meet the transparency criteria because source language appeared in poetry comes naturally to native speakers of English.

PENERJEMAHAN KATA-KATA BUDAYA BAHASA INDONESIA KE DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS ., Nuryadi
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 1 No 1 (2016): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Translating  of cultural words often face problems if it is not found the same cultural concept in target language so that it is not found the appropriate equivalence. The purpose of this research is to know the cultural categories in source language and the translating strategies used. This is the descriptive qualitative research about content analysis. Based on the analysis of data, it is found nineteen  cultural words that is (1) material culture such as bicycle rickshaw, batik, trek,  temple,  coconut wine, and canting; (2) social culture such as  elder, combatant, sultans; (3) art such as Ramayana, dalang, wayang kulit; and (4) ecology such as pandanas, and buffalo. There are two strategies used by translator, namely  (1) there are twelve words which are translated  using borrowing words; and (2) there are seven words which are translated  using cultural equivalent or cultural substitution. The accuracy of cultural-word translation is very good, it is shown by successfulness to convey source language into target language meaning.   Translator used more borrowing-word strategies than cultural equivalent because the nuance of source language culture  is stronger.        

ANALISIS TEMATIK DAN SKEMATIK PEMBERITAAN THE JAKARTA POST MENGENAI PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM DI ACEH ., Nuryadi
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 1 No 2 (2016): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Penelitian ini menganalisis pandangan koranThe Jakarta Postmengenai penerapan syariat Islam di Aceh. Mengacu kepadaUndang-Undang No. 11 tahun 2006, Pemerintah Aceh memiliki wewenang dan otonomi luas di bidang hukum Islam.Wewenang itu tidak hanya mengurusi masalah ibadah sepertiahwal syakhiyah(hokum keluarga dalam Islam), dan muamalah(hukum tentang perdagangan dan pernikahan)tetapi juga mengurusi hukum pidana (jinayat).Sehubungan dengan hukum pidana, Pemerintah Aceh mengeluarkan peraturan daerah yang dikenal sebagai perda syariah Islam untuk mengatur keamanan dan ketertiban di masyarakat. Perda ini mendapat penolakan dari sebagian warga Aceh terutama warga non muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisis pandangan koranThe Jakarta Postmengenai kasus ini. Data yang dianalisis adalah empat editorial koranThe Jakarta Post mengenai penerapan perda syariah Islam di Aceh. Data dianalisis menggunakan teori Analisis Wacana Kritis dari Teun A van Dijk terutama pada aspek tematik dan skematik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, koranThe Jakarta Post menolak penerapan syariat Islam di Aceh. Hal itu dilakukan dengan membangun tema atau makna yang merujuk pada penolakan perda syariah dengan memanfaatkan elemen wacana yang meliputi pemanfaatan judul, pengembangan tema (tematik), dan pengembangan pola urutan (skematik)

BAHASA DALAM MASYARAKAT: SUATU KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK ., Nuryadi
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 1 No 2 (2010): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

This paper discusses about language in society which spreads horizontally and vertically. Horizontally or geographically, this paper explain why we speak differently in different regions. That means language consists of many dialects spreading horizontally. Some differences come from word choices, the pronunciation of words, and grammatical rules. Vertically socially, this paper explain why we speak differently in different social status. Some differences are due to age, sex, profession and whether English is a first language or not. Explaining the way people use language in different social contexts provides a wealth of information about the way language work, as well as about the social relationships in a community. This paper explore many aspects of language in society such as regional and social dialect, standard language, style, register, slang, jargon, argot, lingua franca, pidgin, Creole, and taboo

GRAMMATICALITY AND UNGRAMMATICALITY OF TRANSFORMATIVE GENERATIVE GRAMMAR : A STUDY OF SYNTAX Nuryadi .
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 1 No 1 (2010): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/makna.v1i1.757

Tulisan ini membahas gramatika dan kaidah-kaidah yang menentukan struktur kalimat menurut tatabahasa transformasi generatif. Linguis transformasi generatif menggunakan istilah gramatika dalam pengertian yang lebih luas. Pada periode sebelumnya, gramatika dibagi menjadi morfologi dan sintaksis yang terpisah dari fonologi. Namun linguis transformasi generatif menggunakan pengertian gramatika yang mencakup fonologi. Kalimat atau ujaran yang memenuhi kaidah-kaidah gramatika disebut gramatikal, sedangkan yang berhubungan dengan gramatikal disebut kegramatikalan. Kegramatikalan adalah gambaran susunan kata-kata yang tersusun apik (well-formed) sesuai dengan kaidah sintaksis. Kalimat atau ujaran yang tidak tersusun secara well-formed disebut camping atau ill-formed. Gramatika mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis penggalan-penggalan ujaran serta mengelompokkan dan mengklasifikasikan elemen-elemen dari penggalan-penggalan tersebut. Dari pengelompokan tersebut dapat dijelaskan kalimat yang ambigu, dan diperoleh pengelompokkan kata atau frase yang disebut kategori sintaksis. Kegramatikalan tidak tergantung pada apakah kalimat atau ujaran itu pernah didengar atau dibaca sebelumnya. Kegramatikalan juga tidak tergantung apakah kalimat itu benar atau tidak. Yang terakhir kegramatikalan juga tidak tergantung pada apakah kalimat itu penuh arti atau tidak. Tulisan ini juga membahas hubungan bagian-bagian dalam kalimat terutama hubugan subyek dan predikat.

HUBUNGAN MAKNA: SUATU KAJIAN SEMANTIK Nuryadi .
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 2 No 1 (2011): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/makna.v2i1.767

This paper discusses and explains sense relation. We give different definition between sense and meaning. Sense is a meaning of lexical unit distinguished from other meaning. Meanwhile, meaning is traditionally of something said to be expressed by a sentence. The formal approach to capture the lexical knowledge in a format compatible with the model-theoretical approach is meaning postulates. It would recognize automatically from knowledge rather than state in terms of component meaning of either word. Speaker and hearer have knowledge about many kinds of sense relation. Sense relation is a meaning of a lexical unit within the semantic system of a language. Sense relations discussed in this paper are entailment, inclusion, contradiction, anomaly, ambiguity, polisemy, homonymy, meronymy, referensy, presupposition and synonymy. Besides, we discusses meaning of paraphrase, denotation and connotation

PENERJEMAHAN PUISI HEUSCA KEDALAM BAHASA INDONSIA OLEH CHAIRIL ANWAR Nuryadi .
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 3 No 1 (2012): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/makna.v3i1.779

This paper discusses English-poetry translation, Heusca by John Conford into Indonesian translated by Chairil Anwar. The purpose of this study is to determine how the translator considers aesthetic and expressive values from the source language and translate them into target language. Aesthetic values are the means of delivery thought through the use of poetic language such as diction or word choice, metaphor, imageri, and others figurative language. Meanwhile, the expressive values are the means of delivery thoughts through the author's mind or emotions such as structure, rhyme, and pronunciation. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis of the meaning. The results of analysis show that in terms of meaning, aesthetic values, and structures, Heusca is the result of a semantic translation and faithful to source language. Translator managed to retain the meaning of source language. In other word, the translation can meet the requirements of fidelity. In terms of expressive values in particular aspects of meter and rhyme are not so faithful to source language because the source language and the target language have some differences. Basically, this is acceptable that the Indonesian language as target language has a very big difference in terms of pronunciation with English as the source language. As a result, meter and rhyme of target language may not be forced into the source language without damaging the naturalness of meaning for target language readers. It can be said that the translation can meet the transparency criteria because source language appeared in poetry comes naturally to native speakers of English.

PENERJEMAHAN KATA-KATA BUDAYA BAHASA INDONESIA KE DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS Nuryadi .
Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya Vol 1 No 1 (2016): MAKNA : Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa dan Budaya
Publisher : Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra, dan Bahasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33558/makna.v1i1.797

Translating of cultural words often face problems if it is not found the same cultural concept in target language so that it is not found the appropriate equivalence. The purpose of this research is to know the cultural categories in source language and the translating strategies used. This is the descriptive qualitative research about content analysis. Based on the analysis of data, it is found nineteen cultural words that is (1) material culture such as bicycle rickshaw, batik, trek, temple, coconut wine, and canting; (2) social culture such as elder, combatant, sultans; (3) art such as Ramayana, dalang, wayang kulit; and (4) ecology such as pandanas, and buffalo. There are two strategies used by translator, namely (1) there are twelve words which are translated using borrowing words; and (2) there are seven words which are translated using cultural equivalent or cultural substitution. The accuracy of cultural-word translation is very good, it is shown by successfulness to convey source language into target language meaning. Translator used more borrowing-word strategies than cultural equivalent because the nuance of source language culture is stronger.

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