Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

The Veterinary Microbal Germ Plasm Applicability on Animal Husbandry Development: The Future Expectation of Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic and Verotoxigenic Locally Isolated Escherichia Coli Vaccines for Controlling Neonatal Colibacillosis in Piglets and Calves ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 11, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the major causes of neonatal diarrhoea in piglets and calves. The prevalence of diarrhoeal cases and mortality in neonatal piglets were reported to occur between 13 to 44% and 12 to 32% respectively. Similar problems were observed in neonatal dairy calves, at which the diarrhoeal cases and mortality were reported at an average of 20 to 30% and 24% respectively. ETEC containing either K88, K99, F41 or 987P fimbrial antigen isolates were commonly associated with piglet diarrhoea, whereas ETEC bearing K99, F41 or K99F41 fimbrial antigens associated with calf diarrhoea. Both of the ETEC isolates were known to exhibit multiple resistance between 4 to 6 antibiotic drugs, or even up to 9 to 15 antibiotic drugs commonly used in the field. These indicated that antibiotics were no longer effective to be used to treat and to control piglet and calf diarrhoea associated with ETEC. Inactivated multivalent ETEC vaccine containing K88, K99, F41 and 987P antigens was developed from local isolates and adjuvanted with alumium hydroxide gel at final concentration of 1,5% and cell concentration was equal to the number 10 of the McFarland tubes standard. Two doses of 2 ml vaccine were subcutaneously injected into pregnant sows at 6 weeks and 2 weeks before expected date of forrowing. New born piglets were allowed to suckle their own mother under field conditions. Similar vaccine was prepared from ETEC K99, F41, K99F41 and verotoksigenik E. coli (VTEC) field isolates originated from calves with diarrhoea as described above. Two doses of Â 5 ml ETEC vaccine were injected subcutaneously of pregnant dairy cows of 6 weeks and 2 weeks before expected date of calving. Calf born from vaccinated cow was given colostrum of its owm mother by the milk man. A killed whole cell multivalent ETEC vaccine containing K88, K99, F41 dan 987P injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously into pregnant sows induced antifimbrial IgG and IgA responses both in serum which was predominated by IgG, and in the mammary secretions were both IgA and IgG. In other words such vaccines provided passive protection to piglets which be able to suckle colostrum at birth. Similar antibody responses were demonstrated in dairy cows vaccinated with ETEC containing K99, F41 fimbrial antigens and E. coli producing verotoxin antigen (VTEC). Vaccine field trials to control piglet neonatal colibacillosis in swine that two doses of multivalent vaccine given four weeks apartÂ in pregnant sows at late gestation provided dramatically reduced piglet diarrhoea and mortality from 30% (unvaccinated) to 5% (vaccinated). The use of 2 doses of ETEC K99, F41 and VTEC in pregnant dairy cows at late gestation reduced the calf diarrhoea and mortality from 13.0% annualy (before vaccine application) to 0.7% (vaccine application period). The two types of vaccine (multivalent ETEC for pigs and ETEC+VTEC for cattle) demonstrated a good prospect, since these whole cell vaccines Â are highly efficacious in controling neonatal piglet and calf diarrhoea and mortality. These vaccines could be used to replace antibiotic therapy in the future. The Â ETEC, EPEC and VTEC local isolates are preseved at the Balitvet culture colection (BCC) Bogor. Â Key words: Piglets, calves, microbial germ plasm, ETEC, EPEC, VTEC, colibacillosis, vaccines, field control

Food Safety of Animal Products That Viewed from Disease Aspect ., Supar; Ariyanti, Tati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Animal diseases are tnajor factors affecting food producing anitnals at husbandry productions. The infectious and or non infectious diseases can influence the food quality of animal products and their safety for human consumption. The food safety of animal products becomes a world trade issue because it affects some aspects of human life quality and health. The food safety of anitnal products is defined at least by physical and health conditions of animal at preharvest period . It can be achieved by good manufacturing practice, beginning at animal production level up to the harvesting period. During this period, the animals must be protected against infection by pathogens of either bacteria, viruses or protozoa. linportant animal diseases which often cause problems during animal husbandry productions are anthrax, salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, clostridiosis. colibacillosis, staphylococcosis. Some of the pathogens causing those diseases may also cause food poisoning and foodborne disease. The viral disease infection can affect food-safety at preharvest time but not at postharvest. At prcharvest period in fanns the disease can be controlled by vaccines and selected drug application. To obtain the good quality assurance of food producing animals and the safety for human consumption, the physical and the health conditions of animals can be determined visually. To determine the health status of food producing animals, each animal must be tested for the presence of pathogens and or specific antibody. This needs a veterinary laboratory facility with good equipments, chemical and diagnostic reagents. On the other hand, in order to pursue the good quality assurance of food producing animals up to the harvesting period, the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) and good agricultural practice (GAP) concepts in animal husbandry productions must be followed. Key words: Animal products, preharvest, human consumption, food safety

Animal and Human Leptospirosis in Indonesia ., Kusmiyati; Noor, Susan M; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Leptospirosis is a disease caused by Leptospira spp. infection. It is a zoonotic disease that is world-widely distributed, particularly in the tropics, including Indonesia. Infected animals are the source of leptospirosis for humans, and these animals are secreting pathogens into the environment. The clinical signs off leptospirosis may vary from mild to severe and dead tray occur without a proper treatment. Due to the unspecific clinical sign, laboratory examination is required. However, isolation and identification the organism is time-consuming. Serological test is the most frequent way to confirm the clinical diagnosis, to determine prevalence in the community, and to conduct epidemiological studies. Vaccination with the appropriate antigen is used for controlling leptospirosis in animals. The multivalent Leplospira vaccine in Indonesia is developed according to the different types of serovar found in the field. The use of the appropriate vaccine combined with a good sanitation management could control leptospirosis in animals in the future. Key words: Leptospirosis, zoonosis, diagnosis, control

The Role of Salmonella Enteritidis in Chicken and its Product Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 15, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Free pathogenic microorganism of food derived from animals is a prerequisite for human consumption . One of the important pathogenic microorganisms originated from animal product of food is Salmonella. Salmonella enteritidis is frequently found in chicken and spreads vertically as well as horizontally products (eggs, meats and meat products) by direct or indirect contact. Salmonella that contaminated animal product of food can cause foodborne disease in human . Foodborne disease associated with Salmonella occurred in some parts of the world including Indonesia . This problem needs attention from the government, producers and consumers. In the animal production especially chicken, it is demanded to provide animal food and their products free from Salmonella . This is an important indicator of safety food condition . Salmonella control programs in the animal production level begin with raising free-Salmonella day old chick with free Salmonella feed, good farm environmental sanitation . Further more, the monitoring program of Salmonella in farm and post harvest process needs to be conducted . Appropriate handlings of animals and their products are important to obtain food of animal products that are healthy and safe for human consumption . Key word: Salmonella enteritidis, contamination, meat, egg

Molecular Characterization of Pasteurella multocida: Its Implication with Epidemiology and The Development of Local Isolate Vaccines ., Supar; Ariyanti, Tati
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Pasteurella multocida strains are the causative agents of pasteurellosis attacking Â wide range domestic and wild animals. The important pasteurellosis in animals in Indonesia are Haemorrhagic septicaemic (HS) or Septicaemia epizootica (SE) in large and small ruminants, fowl cholera in poultry and water powls. HS associated with P. multocida in large ruminants was controlled by killed whole cell vaccines produced by the use of P. multocida Katha strain, whereas fowl cholera was controlled by antimicrobial drugs. At present, there are only a limited molecular biology techniques have been applied to investigate P. multocida isolates from different geographic locations in Indonesia. Genomic DNA of P. multocida from HS cases from various provinces which were treated with restriction endonuclease ApaI and analysed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoreses (PFGE) demonstrated the presence of high degree distinctive DNA pattern compared to that of the vaccine (Katha) strain from Burma and other reference strains. Similar different patterns were found in genomic DNA of local P. multocida isolates from cholera disease of chicken and ducks. P. multocida isolates from some provinces showed different DNA patterns to each other. These DNA pattern differences were probably associated with the alteration of their pathogenicity, antigenicity and immunogenicity, but it has not been confirmed yet. Vaccines prepared from P. multocida isolate originated from local HS cases and local cholera demonstrated better protection in experimental animals against heterologous and homologous challenges, in terms of higher and consistency antibody responses compared to that of Katha strain or imported P. multocida poultry strains. This supports the potential aspects of molecular characterization of local P. multocida isolates kept at the BCC Unit. These isolates may play an important role in developing local master seeds to produce pasteurellosis local vaccines which would be more promising to be used in Indonesia in the future but further field trials are still needed. Â Key words: Pasteurella multocida, characterization, DNA analysis, vaccines

The Control of Infectious Coryza in Chicken Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 17, No 4 (2007)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Infectious coryza or infectious snot is a disease caused by Haemophilus paragallinarum (HPG), that infects upper respiratory tract of either layer or broiler chickens or other poultry raised under small and large farm conditions. Infection on growing chicken caused reduction of weight gain, whereas in adult layer chicken caused decreasing egg productions, and hence significantly caused economic losses in poultry industries. Coryza cases in the farms are difficult to control by antibiotic treatments. Control by vaccination programmes using appropriate vaccines are the only ideal method, but vaccination failure using Â trivalent of classical serovar A, B and C of H. paragallinarum products from USA and European countries still occurred. This might probably due to the presence of new serovar B and C raised in the poultry farms in the fields, of which their antigenicity, immunogenicity and also immunoprotection of classical coryza vaccines are different from the new serovar in the fields. Research on coryza conducted at the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science during the last 2 decades, resulted in some HPG isolates (belong to the classical serovar A, B or C) and these isolates were kept at the Bbalitvet Culture Collection (BCC) Unit. Studies on local isolate of HPG vaccine productions had been conducted to determine their efficacy in experimental chickens. At the same period, it was reported from Latin America and South Africa countries that new serovars B and new serovar C were found in that regions. These new serovars B and C were identified different to that of the classical serovar B or C antigenicity and immunogenicity which lead to the failure of coryza vaccination with classical serovar A, B and C imported from USA and Europe. These retrospective studies recommend that coryza is an important disease in poultry industries in this country causing a signifinant economic losses which need to be controlled properly. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of local isolate vaccines. Surveillance must also be conducted in order to anticipate the emerge of new HPG variant, therefore a new type of vaccine could be developed accordingly using recent local isolate. Â Key words: Haemophilus paragallinarum, coryza, control, vaccine

Bovine Tuberculosis, A Zoonotic Disease ., Tarmudji; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (M. bovis). This species is one of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, can infect wide range of hosts: cattle and other domesticated animals, wild mammals and humans (zoonotic). M. bovis bacterium from infected hosts can be transmitted to other susceptible animals and humans through respiratory excretes and secretion materials. Humans can be infected with M. bovis by ingested M. bovis contaminated animal products, unpasteurised milk from tuberculosis cows or through respiratory route of contaminated aerosol. Bovine tuberculosis at the first stage does not show any clinical sign but as the disease progress in the next stage which may take several months or years, clinical signs may arise, suh as: fluctuative body temperature, anorexia, lost body weight, coughing, oedema of lymph nodes, increased respiratory frequencies. Pathological lesion of bovine tuberculosis is characterised by the formation of granulomas (tubercles), in which bacterial cells have been localised, most in lymph nodes and pulmonum, but can occur in other organs. The granulomas usually arise in small nodules or tubercles appear yellowish either caseus, caseo-calcareus or calcified. In Indonesia, bovine tuberculosis occurred in dairy cattle since 1905 through the imported dairy cows from Holland and Australian. It was unfortunate that until recently, there were not many research and surveilances of bovine tuberculosis conducted in this country, so the distribution of bovine tuberculosis is unknown. Early serological diagnosis can be done on live cattle by means of tuberculin tests under field conditions. Confirmation can be done by isolation and identification of excreted and secreted samples from the slaughter house. Antibiotic treatment and vaccination were uneffective, therefore the effective control of bovine tuberculosis is suggested by tuberculin tests and by slaughtering the selected positive reactors. Â Key words: Bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, zoonotic disease

Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis: Its Implication for Diagnosis and Development of Local Isolate Vaccine for Poultry Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Genus Salmonella consists of more than 2,400 serovars, which can be identified by means of serological method based on the variation of their somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular antigens (Vi). Salmonella serovars which are able to cause disease in animal or domestic animal are limited, such as: S. pullorum and S. gallinarum which are well adapted to poultry, cause fowl typhoid,Â S. cholerasuis causes disease inÂ swine.Â S. typhimurium andÂ S. enteritidis can infectÂ all animalsÂ andÂ humans.Â S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis could be isolated from salmonellosis of poultry, meat, milk and eggs. The prevalence of those isolates within the last two decades tends to increase. Pathogenic Salmonella serovars can infect both animals and humans, colonize the intestinal epithelial cells lead to diarrhoea. Salmonella spp. may enter the lower layer of epithelial cells and the lymphoid vascular system. Humoral antibody and cell mediated immunity responses may develop. Extraintestinal shedding or dissemination of Salmonella spp. may occur and multiply, this may cause latent infections and spread to the environment. Serologic diagnosis of infected animals can be done by means of serum or whole blood agglutination tests with whole cell antigen or ELISA with LPS coated tray, might demonstrate cross reactions among serovars within the one group. ELISA antibody by using fimbrial SEF14 antigen demonstrated specific diagnosis of S. enteritidis infection. The use of S. enteritidis inactive vaccines stimulates high humoral antibody response and protection against challenged homologous serovar within one group (D). The secretoryÂ antibodyÂ in mucosal surface of intestine and cell mediated immunity were not stimulated after vaccinationÂ with inactive Salmonella vaccine. InactiveÂ vaccinesÂ (local isolate of S.Â enteritidis) whichÂ wasÂ developed and evaluated on experimental layer chicken produced protection against challenged homologous and may be used to control vertical transmission salmonellosis through eggs and can be used to improveÂ the safety of animal food products for human consumption. Â Key words: Salmonella enteritidis, antigenicity, immunogenicity, diagnosis, vaccines for poultry

Fowl Cholera and Its Control Prospect With Locally isolated Pasteurella multocida Bivalent Vaccines Ariyanti, Tati; ., Supar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 1 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Pasteurellosis or fowl cholera disease which associated with Pasteurella multocida group A and D infections occurred sporadically in many parts of the world, including in Indonesia. The pathogenic activity of P. multocida in chickens were based on lipopolysacharide (LPS) antigens associated with group A and D capsules, and the resistance factor of complement mediated bacteriolysis in animals. In order to reduce common bacterial infections, antibiotics were routinely used as feed additive or by drinking water, but fowl cholera cases still occur. Fowl cholera control by vaccinations have been used more than a hundred years ago by means of inactive vaccine, but imported inactive vaccine was reported not effective due to lack of cross protection against heterologous serotype. At present, manyÂ local P. multocida isolates from chicken and ducks from manyÂ areas in Indonesia were characterised for their antigenicity, immunogenicity and prepared as monovalent or bivalent vaccine. Only the monovalent vaccine prepared from BCC 2331 or DY2 demonstrated the presence of immunoprotection against homologous and heterologous challenged with live bacteria. The prototype bivalent vaccine consisting of BCC 2331 + DY2 demonstrated high degree of cross protection against challenged individual with or mixed of BCC 2331 + DY2 at average of 60 â 75% and 75 â 100%, respectively. Monovalent and bivalent vaccine prepared from other isolates including imported reference strains of P. multocida demonstrated no protection in experimentally vaccinated ducks and chicken against challenged with live bacteria of neither BCC 2331 nor with DY2. From these retrospective studies, it was concluded that the local isolates P. multocida designated Â as Â BCC Â 2331 Â and Â DY2 Â could Â be Â used Â as candidates Â of Â prototype Â vaccine Â or Â master Â seed Â vaccine Â but their effectiveness still need to be evaluated under field conditions.Â Key words: Pasteurella multocida, Indonesian isolates, inactive vaccines, fowl cholera

Economic impact of enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli vaccine used to control piglet neonatal colibacillosis Arifin, Zainal; ., Supar
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (1995)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Neonatal diarrhoea associated with enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli (ETEC) infections in piglets is common in most piggeries. Control of this disease is difficult with antimicrobial drugs under field conditions . It is due to the high precentage of ETEC strains resistant against there drugs. Field trials of E. coli vaccine were conducted to investigate the effect of dam vaccination on the reduction of diarrhoea and mortality rates. This study was designed in a factorial completely raralomizul block design . Vaccinated and unvaccinated dams was the first factor, while the second factor was location of the piggeries (Jakarta and Bogor) . Vaccination of sows at late gestation using a local polivalent ETEC vaccine appeared to have a dramatic reduction diarrhoea rate (P <_ 0 .0004) and mortality ride (P < 0.(x1001) in piglets. The reduction diarrhoea rate amongs the vaccinated sows in both piggeries was not significantly different (P <_ 0 .2338) . But, the mortality rate of piglets was significantly different in the vaccinated sows (P <_ 0 .026) . The economic impacts using polyvalent ETEC vaccine in controlling colibacillosis are the reduction of diarrhoea and mortality rates which leads to an increase of eveaning in piglets. These will be discussed. Key words: Piglets, neonatal diarrhoea, E. coli vaccine, economic impact

Title

Found 36 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 36 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 36 Documents
Search