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PROSES KULTIVASI Spirulina platensis MENGGUNAKAN POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) SEBAGAI MEDIA KULTUR DALAM RECEWAY OPEN POND BIOREACTOR Erlinda Khoirunisa; Elisa Mutiah; A Abdullah
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (178.232 KB)

Spirulina platensis is being cultivated in POME as a medium using raceway open pond bioreactor during 5 days. Purpose of this research, which has POME concentration (3×, 4×, 5× diluted) and feed loading concentration of Spirulina platensis (0.443 g/L; 0.618 g/L; 0.952 g/L) as variables, are learning the effect of those variables to the Spirulina platensis growth and finding the best variable composition for Spirulina platensis growth. The response for this research is dry weight of Spirulina platensis.The result shows that POME which is five times diluted as a medium gives the highest dry weight of Spirulina platensis, it is 0.7592 g/L. For the feed loading concentration of Spirulina platensis, the best result shown at 0.443 g/L feed loading concentration which gives 0.9932 g/L dry weight of Spirulina platensis. It can be conclude that POME which is five times diluted and 0.443 g/L feed loading concentration of Spirulina platensis give the best result for Spirulina platensis growth. From this research, it is expected to have a further research in a longer cultivation period of Spirulina platensis so that it can be a contribution for Spirulina platensis cultivation which can be commercially exploited for the supplements in human food, animal feed, beauty products and pharmaceuticals

PENURUNAN KADAR KAFEIN KOPI ARABIKA DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN NOPKOR MZ-15 Danang Kristiyanto; Broto Dhegdo Haris Pranoto; Abdullah Abdullah
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (132.208 KB)

Coffee is one of the most famous drinks in the world. Many people like to drinks coffee because it has a unique flavor. Besides its flavor, coffee also has the benefit of stimulating the brain's performance as well as antioxidants. Chlorogenic acid is the predominant antioxidants contained in coffee beans in the form of esters. Chlorogenic acid is also providing the typical aroma of coffee and a parameter to determine the quality of coffee. Besides having a beneficial substance, coffee also contain caffeine which is not good for health. One of the most famous type of coffee is civet coffee (kopi luwak). This coffee is unique because in the process of this coffee should be consumed first by the civet. The issue is populations of civet who began to decreaseand the process that makes it difficult to be produced on a large scale in a short time. In the present research we tried to apply the culture of a mixture of several types of microorganisms called NOPKOR MZ-15 for processing regular coffee that resembles the civet coffee. The coffee we use in tihis research is arabica coffee. This quality is still below the civet coffee because it contains caffeine higher. Economically,arabica coffee price is still far below the civet coffee. Through a fermentation method using NOPKOR MZ-15 caffeine contained in coffee is decomposed into ester to produce better flavor. After going through the process of fermentation, caffeine levels will drop so that the economic value of coffee also increased. This process also produces acidity that not too high so that the coffee is still safe to consumsed. This research can be obtained through alternatives to improve the quality of coffee without civet.

Inhibition Effect of Ca2+ Ions on Sucrose Hydrolysis Using Invertase Hargono Hargono; Bakti Jos; Abdullah Abdullah; Teguh Riyanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Fermentable sugar for bioethanol production can be produced from molasses due to its high sucrose content but Ca2+ ions found in the molasses may affect the hydrolysis. Therefore, this paper was focused to study the effect of Ca2+ ions as CaO on sucrose hydrolysis using invertase and to obtain the kinetic parameters. The kinetic parameters (KM and Vmax) were obtained using a Lineweaver-Burk plot. The value of KM and Vmax parameters were 36.181 g/L and 21.322 g/L.h, respectively. The Ca2+ ions act as competitive inhibitor in sucrose hydrolysis using invertase. Therefore, the inhibition mechanism was followed the competitive inhibition mechanism. The value of inhibition constant was 0.833 g/g. These parameters were obtained from the non-substrate inhibition process because this study used the low substrate concentrations which means the fermentable sugar production was low. Hence, there were still more challenges to studying the simultaneous effect of substrate and Ca2+ on sucrose hydrolysis to produce high fermentable sugar.

Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil using Ionic Liquid as A Catalyst and Microwave Heating System Prima Astuti Handayani; Abdullah Abdullah; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2017: BCREC Volume 12 Issue 2 Year 2017 (August 2017)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a typical Indonesian plant. Its seed contains abundant inedible oil, and therefore it is potential for biodiesel feedstock. The current issues of biodiesel are longer reaction time of oil to biodiesel through transesterification reaction and lower biodiesel yield due to ineffective use of a homogenous catalyst. This work was aimed to use an ionic liquid as a catalyst and equipped with microwave heating as the heating system in order to increase the biodiesel yield and accelerate the process. Effects of the catalyst concentration and power of microwave irradiation to the biodiesel yield were studied. The ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BMIMHSO4) was used as a catalyst. The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield was achieved of 92.81% which was catalyzed by IL0.5NaOH0.5 (0.5 wt.% (BMIMHSO4) + 0.5 wt.% NaOH) with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9, a reaction time of 6 minutes, and the microwave temperature was 60 °C.

Production of Cellulase by A. Niger and T. Reesei Under Solid State Fermentation Using Bagasse as Substrate A Abdullah; H Hamid
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Cellulase is a very important enzyme for ethanol production from lignocellulose and others. Bagasse is very good to be chosen as lignocellulosic material for cellulase production because it is cheap and already available in a huge amount. Solid-state fermentation has advantages than submerged fermentation because of its higher yield and activity. Cellulase production using solid-state fermentation has been researched by many people, but for different substrate, different pretreatment and different fungi producer, it is likely to have a different condition. It is very important to perform specific study to optimize cellulase production with specific substrate and specific fungi which available in Indonesia. Because large amount of fungi strains available so it is wise full if they are screened using effective and efficient methods. This research is started by initial screening of three strain of Trichoderma reesei and five strain of Aspergillus niger using Congo red dye staining on CMC agar plate. It is shown that a strain of Trichoderma reesei and two strains of Aspergillus niger has better activity than the others. Further screening is performed by conducting solid-state fermentation using bagasse by three best strains for five days. The activity of the cellulase is measured every 24-hour using Ghose method by dinitrosalicylic acid as reagent. The highest activity is shown by A.niger ITBCC L74 on third day at 0.525 Unit/gram

Kinetic Study of Biogas Production from Animal Manure and Organic Waste in Semarang City by Using Anaerobic Digestion Method Fahmi Arifan; Abdullah Abdullah; Siswo Sumardiono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 5 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.65056

The biogas fermentation from animal manure and organic waste was investigated with a comparison percentage of raw material used inside the digester with the anaerobic digestion process. Animal manure consists of cow dung and chicken manure, while organic waste consists of tofu liquid waste and cabbage waste. This study used a batch process that was operated at 55 °C incubator temperature for 90 days. The results of experimental data were predicted with a modified Gompertz model and first-order kinetic model. The equation of the modified Gompertz model to predict biogas production was with is cumulative production of methane; P∞ = methane production potential; Rm = maximum specific speed methane production; λ = is lag phase period or minimum time to produce biogas; e = math constant (2.7182) and t = biogas production cumulative time. The equation first-order kinetic model was Y = Ym (1-exp(-k). The highest biogas yield was obtained by variable 3 in both kinetic studies compared to 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste. Gompertz's kinetic study predicted variable three would produce 3273.20 mL/g of total solid (TS). In comparison, the first-order kinetic model predicted that variable three would produce 3517.95 mL/(g Ts).

KINETIKA FERMENTASI LIMBAH KULIT NANAS DAN PRODUKTIVITAS ETANOL Alice Pramashinta; Abdullah Abdullah
METANA Vol 10, No 01 (2014): Juli 2014
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract In this research studied the effect of initial total sugar concentration of pineapple peel waste in cell concentration, total sugar consumption and ethanol production profile. Pineapple peel fermentation is done by batch system for 60 hours with various intial total sugar 30, 50 and 70 g/L. Batch fermentation profiles showed that the optimum total sugar concentration was 70 g/L which resulted highest ethanol productivity 0.617 g/L/h when compared with total sugar concentration 30 g/L and 50 g/L. Kinetic parameters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in batch fermentation using pineapple peel waste as substrate were also studied. Growth kinetic parameter was determined by Monod equation. Growth rate specific maximum 0.032 jam-1 and Monod constant Ks 17.18 g/L. Keywords: bioethanol, pineapple, batch, kinetic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Abstrak Pada penelitian ini akan dipelajari pengaruh konsentrasi gula total awal dari limbah kulit nanas pada profil pembentukan sel, konsumsi gula total dan produksi etanol. Fermentasi limbah kulit nanas dilakukan dengan sistem batch selama 60 jam dengan variasi gula total awal sebesar 30, 50 dan 70 g/L. Profil fermentasi batch menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi gula total optimum adalah 70 g/L yang menghasilkan produktivitas etanol tertinggi 0,617 g/L/jam bila dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi gula total 30 g/L dan 50 g/L. Parameter kinetika dari Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam fermentasi batch menggunakan limbah kulit nanas sebagai substrat juga dipelajari. Parameter kinetika pertumbuhan ditentukan dengan persamaan Monod. Kecepatan pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum 0,032 jam-1 dan konstanta Monod Ks 17,18 g/L. Kata kunci: bioetanol, nanas, batch, kinetika, Saccharomyces cereviseae

PENGARUH FREKUENSI DAN WAKTU PENCUCIAN BERBANTU ULTRASONIK MENGGUNAKAN ISOPROPANOL TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOMANAN DAN VISKOSITAS TEPUNG PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) Lucia Hermawati Rahayu; Dyah Hesti Wardhani; Abdullah Abdullah
METANA Vol 9, No 01 (2013): Juli 2013
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus) contains a high economic value of soluble fiber glucomannan. Most of Indonesia konjac flour is exported in low (glucomannan content <65) hence sell in cheap price. Quality of glucomannan could be improved by removing impurities such as starch and cellulose. Application of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (leaching) of non glucomannan compound is an effective method to purify the konjac flour. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of ultrasonic waves frequency and leaching time of ultrasonic-assisted extraction method using aqueous isopropanol on glucomannan purification. The leaching conducted two frequencies (20 and 40 kHz) and various extraction time (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 minutes). The results showed that the best condition of glucomannan purification was achieved at 20 kHz for 10 minutes. In this conditon, glucomannan content , viscosity and yield were 76.1%, 12,800 cPs, and 96.1%, respectively. Keywords: konjac (Amorphophallus oncophillus), glucomannan, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, isopropanol

KINETIC STUDY OF THE UTILISATION OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES TO LACTIC ACID USING Lactobacillus delbrueckii Abdullah Abdullah; Hanapi bin Mat; Widayat Widayat
METANA Vol 6, No 01 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract Lactic acid fermentation includes several reactions in association with the microorganism growth. A kinetic study was performed of the utilisation of multiple substrates to lactic acid using lactobacillus delbrueckii. Batch fermentation was performed to study effect of different substrates such as glucose, fructose and sucrose. The objective of this research is to study kinetics grow microbial. A anaerobic fermentation were studied in 3 litres stirred fermentor ( Biostat B Model) with working volume of 1 liter, temperature : 40 oC, pH = 6.0, inoculums size : 5% , sugar concentration = 20 g/1. During the first hours of fermentation, glucose and fructose accumulated in the medium and the rate of hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose was faster than conversion of these substrate. The maximum concentration of glucose and fructose was 5.82 and 5. 14 g/l respectively. The sucrose, glucose, and fructose consumption completely utilized at 56, 68, and 104 hours, respectively. Kinetic parameter for maximum .specific growth rate in glucose, fructose and sucrose is 0.103, 0.0448, and 0.0398 (h-1), respectively. The saturation constant is 2.13, 2.67, and 3.32 g/1. Key Words: Kinetic Study, Sugars, Lactic Acid, Maximum Specific Growth Rate and Saturation Constant

Production of Cellulase by A. Niger and T. Reesei Under Solid State Fermentation Using Bagasse as Substrate A Abdullah; H Hamid
Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : BIORE Scientia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jbes.2022.14233

Cellulase is a very important enzyme for ethanol production from lignocellulose and others. Bagasse is very good to be chosen as lignocellulosic material for cellulase production because it is cheap and already available in a huge amount. Solid-state fermentation has advantages than submerged fermentation because of its higher yield and activity. Cellulase production using solid-state fermentation has been researched by many people, but for different substrate, different pretreatment and different fungi producer, it is likely to have a different condition. It is very important to perform specific study to optimize cellulase production with specific substrate and specific fungi which available in Indonesia. Because large amount of fungi strains available so it is wise full if they are screened using effective and efficient methods. This research is started by initial screening of three strain of Trichoderma reesei and five strain of Aspergillus niger using Congo red dye staining on CMC agar plate. It is shown that a strain of Trichoderma reesei and two strains of Aspergillus niger has better activity than the others. Further screening is performed by conducting solid-state fermentation using bagasse by three best strains for five days. The activity of the cellulase is measured every 24-hour using Ghose method by dinitrosalicylic acid as reagent. The highest activity is shown by A.niger ITBCC L74 on third day at 0.525 Unit/gram

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