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Journal : Manna Rafflesia

APOLOGETIKA IRENEUS KEPADA KAUM BIDAT YANG MEMPERTENTANGKAN KEILAHIAN YESUS Meriwati; Setiawan, Tjutjun
Manna Rafflesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Oktober
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v11i1.471

Abstract

Topics about the Trinity, Christology, as well as topics about heretics are always debatable topics. It's not only happening at the present time but has also started since the first centuries, during the time of the church fathers. Irenaeus is a Christian figure who is known as the father of the church, also at the time when he was dealing with the teachings of Gnosticism, and how was Irenaeus’ view in dealing with Gnosticism as well as explaining Christology. This article is a descriptive description of Irenaeus' Christology as a contrast to the development of Gnostic Christology in the second century AD, so the method used is descriptive qualitative. The purpose of this article is so that Christians can understand Christology correctly. This article is not only meant to be a historical depiction, but also to show its continuity with the post-Enlightenment Christological dynamics as proposed by William Bousset who attempted to place Paul's Christology in the context of Gnosticism.
SPIRITUALITAS JEMAAT DAN KETAHANAN IMAN DI MASA KRISIS SOSIAL: PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGI PASTORAL Yulia, Tantri; Simon, Simon; Setiawan, Tjutjun
Manna Rafflesia Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Arastamar Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38091/man_raf.v12i1.630

Abstract

Social crises such as pandemics, social conflicts, and economic instability affect the strength of community faith. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how congregational spirituality can help faith resilience in the midst of crisis using a pastoral theological approach. The main question posed in this study is how spirituality and church community build faith resilience in times of social crisis? The method used is a descriptive qualitative study with a theological-pastoral approach, utilizing literature review and contextual analysis. The findings of this study indicate that various spiritual practices, such as prayer and fellowship, as well as involvement in the church community, are highly influential in strengthening the faith of the congregation amidst crisis situations. However, obstacles such as a lack of discipleship and community fragmentation were also found. Therefore, the church must be present contextually and actively to strengthen the faith of the people during the current crisis.