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All Journal Reaktor JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia JC-T (Journal Cis-Trans): Jurnal Kimia dan Terapannya Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research FLUIDA Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Journal Serambi Engineering (JSE) Journal of Green Science and Technology Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Alfiana Adhitasari
Politeknik Negeri Bandung
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Transportation

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Journal : Journal of Green Science and Technology

 1 
Phosphoric Acid-Activated Carbon From Coffee Grounds and Fly Ash For Efficient Laundry Wastewater Adsorption Muhari, Emma Hermawati Muhari; Silalahi, Rafael Leonardo; Puspita, Nina; Maryani, Anisya Sri; Sihombing, Rony Pasonang; Adhitasari, Alfiana; Kurnia, Dianty Rosirda Dewi
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 2 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No.2 September 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i2.10649

Abstract

Laundry waste that is directly discharged into water bodies causes pollution due to its chemical content, such as phosphate. The adsorption method is chosen as an option to reduce the phosphate content in laundry waste due to its simple preparation and low cost. The adsorbent used is a mixture of coffee grounds and fly ash. The use of coffee grounds is based on the increasing waste from coffee shops, thus being utilized as an adsorbent. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of coffee grounds and fly ash with the best combination of composition and contact time using the adsorption method. The stages begin with the preparation of coffee grounds and fly ash through carbonization and activation using H3PO4. The variations performed consisted of variations in the composition of coffee grounds and fly ash with a total of 1 gram in ratios of 1:4; 2:3; 1:1; 3:2; 4:1 and contact time variations of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, and 75 minutes. Based on the research results, the highest percentage of removal was found in the composition variation of coffee grounds and fly ash with a ratio of 1:4 for 75 minutes.
Characterization of Coffee Business Waste in the form of Robusta Coffee Dregs as Adsorbent: A Preliminary Study Sihombing, Rony; Soeswanto, Bambang; Adhitasari, Alfiana; Yusuf, Yusmardhany; Putri, Alifhah Ananda; Fatah, Khalaida Fania; Clarisa, Shintiya; Gunawan, Sinna Chaerunnabila; Leoanggraini, Unung; Muhari, Emma Hermawati; Kurnia, Dianty Rosirda Dewi
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 1 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 1 March 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i1.9104

Abstract

Robusta coffee grounds are widely produced in several types of businesses, one of which is the coffee industry (coffee shop). This pulp can be reused by business people by being used as an adsorbent and paired with the industrial waste. The purpose of this research is to identify the carbon of Robusta coffee grounds between before and after chemical activation. The methods used were sieving, drying at 25°C to 110°C, carbonization at 600°C, immersion in 0.1M HCl solution. Carbonization of Robusta coffee grounds was carried out using BET, FTIR and SEM. The results showed an increase in carbon surface area from 0.588 m2/g to 14.609 m2/g. The results of the FTIR method showed a change in functional groups on several peaks between pre- and post-activation conditions. The results of the SEM method showed an increase in pore size from 5.5 µm (before activation) to 11 µm (after activation). Keywords: Robusta coffee, Coffee grounds, FTIR, Adsorbent
Anodizing Characteristics of AA1100 in 20% Sulfuric–Phosphoric Acid Electrolytes under Aerated and Non-Aerated Conditions at Various Times Tri Hariyadi; Tita Rosita; Aniqa Arjumand Bano Harvani; Silvia Fatimatur Rahmawati; Tifa Paramitha; Adhitasari, Alfiana; Sihombing, Rony
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 10 No 1 (2026): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 10 No.1 March 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v10i1.11796

Abstract

Aluminum alloy AA1100 exhibits good corrosion resistance but suffers from low surface hardness and wear resistance, which can be improved through anodizing. However, limited studies have examined the combined influence of sulfuric–phosphoric acid electrolyte composition and aeration. This study investigates the effect of sulfuric–phosphoric acid electrolyte composition and aeration on oxide layer mass, thickness, and hardness during anodizing. Anodization was conducted using a total electrolyte concentration of 20% with varying sulfuric acid (15–20%) and phosphoric acid (5–0%) ratios at a current density of 3 A/dm², operating times of 15 and 30 minutes, and room temperature under aerated and non-aerated conditions. The results show that aeration significantly increased oxide layer formation, yielding an average oxide mass of 0.0173 g compared to 0.0106 g in non-aerated systems. The maximum oxide mass (0.0375 g) was obtained at 20% sulfuric acid with aeration for 30 minutes. The highest oxide layer thickness of 47.94 µm was achieved using a 19% sulfuric acid–1% phosphoric acid electrolyte under aerated conditions at 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the maximum surface hardness of 352.60 HVN was obtained at 15% sulfuric acid–5% phosphoric acid with aeration for 15 minutes. These findings demonstrate that electrolyte composition and aeration play a critical role in optimizing anodic oxide growth and mechanical properties of AA1100.
Phosphate Reduction in Laundry Wastewater Using Activated Coffee Grounds and Fly Ash as Adsorbents Sihombing, Rony Pasonang; Christianti, Christianti; Ramadhani, Nabila Dwi Nur; Martadinata, Nadya Zafirra; Adhitasari, Alfiana; Kurnia, Dianty Rosirda Dewi
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10651

Abstract

The growth and development of the population have significantly accelerated economic progress within society. Consequently, many new businesses have emerged, including commercial laundry services. One of the substances found in laundry wastewater, phosphate can cause eutrophication, which disrupts the balance of aquatic ecosystems. One method that can be developed to address this issue is adsorption technology. The aim of this research was to lower the phosphat content and to meet the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014. The increasing number of coffee shops generates coffee grounds that have the potential to be processed into activated carbon. Additionally, fly ash a by-product of coal combustion contains silica and can be used as an adsorbent. The activated carbon is activated using 0.1 N NaOH and combined with fly ash in various compositions: 2:8, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, and 8:2. Besides the variation in composition, contact time is also varied 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, and 150 minutes. The observed parameters include pH and phosphate concentration at each contact time. The research results show that the optimal composition is 0.2AC:0.8FA with the highest phosphate removal efficiency of 60.3% at 150 minutes contact time and a pH of 7.1. However, the final phosphate concentration has not yet met the quality standard of 2 mg/L set by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 2014.
Utilization Of Coffee Grounds into Bio-Briquettes Using Various Types of Adhesives with Carbonization Method Yogeswari, Luh Putu Irma Sridewi; Yuliani, Nispi; Chiquita, Belva; Adhitasari, Alfiana; Leoanggraini, Unung
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10652

Abstract

Coffee is one of the most widely produced and consumed agricultural commodities in Indonesia, with production rates increasing each year. This growing demand results in an increasing volume of spent coffee grounds, which are typically discarded as waste. One sustainable approach to managing this waste is by converting it into bio-briquettes, a form of solid fuel. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of coffee ground-based briquettes using different types of adhesives in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) and to determine which adhesive yields the highest briquette quality. Three types of adhesives were tested: tapioca starch, sago starch, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), each mixed with carbonized coffee grounds in a 1:10 ratio. The briquettes were analyzed based on key performance indicators, including moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, density, fixed carbon, and calorific value. The carbonization process was applied prior to briquette formation to improve fuel quality. The results showed that the briquette using PVA as an adhesive exhibited the best overall performance, with a density of 0.449 g/cm³, ash content of 4.360%, moisture content of 1.480%, volatile matter of 33.974%, fixed carbon of 59.743%, and a calorific value of 6.861 cal/g. These findings suggest that PVA-based briquettes offer promising potential in reducing biomass waste and supporting the development of renewable energy in Indonesia.
Optimization Of Coffee Grounds and Fly Ash Based Adsorbent Composition with Phosphoric Acid Activator for Tofu Industry Liquid Waste Purification Alfithroh, Mustika Agustini; Fattah, Khalaida Fania; Zulfikar, Yusup Muhammad; Tsuroyyaa, Zakiyyah; Zaharani, Feby Nurghaida; Adhitasari, Alfiana
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10662

Abstract

The direct disposal of tofu industrial wastewater without treatment can have negative impacts on the environment due to its organic content. One effort that can be done is to process tofu liquid waste using the adsorption method. Nowadays, coffee shops are growing rapidly in indonesia, resulting in a lot of coffee grounds waste which can be used as raw material for activated charcoal because of its carbon content. In addition to coffee grounds, other waste in the form of fly ash is also used as an adsorbent because of its silica content. This study aims to determine the optimization of the composition of coffee grounds and fly ash adsorbents in the purification of tofu industry liquid waste and to determine the optimum contact time so that liquid waste is obtained in accordance with quality standards. Observation parameters include acidity (ph) and chemical oxygen demand (cod). Coffee grounds charcoal is activated using 0.1 n h₃po₄ solution then mixed with fly ash in a ratio of 20:80; 30:70; 50:50; 70:30; and 80:20. The adsorption process is carried out in batches for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results of the study showed the optimum composition of the adsorbent 20:80 and contact time 120 minutes with a final cod of 2,761 mg/l, ph 6.21, and a cod reduction of 80.46%.
Natural Based Carbon Briquettes: The Effect of Coffee Ground Carbonization Temperatures as Renewable Energy Alternative Ramadhani, Fauziah; Sa’diyyah, Ghina Nabila Nur; Putri, Salsabila Azaliyah; Anggraeni, Danisa Dwi; Adhitasari, Alfiana; Saripudin, Saripudin
Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol 9 No 3 (2025): Journal of Green Science and Technology Vol. 9 No. 3 December 2025 Special Editio
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33603/jgst.v9i3.10677

Abstract

Coffee consumption in Indonesia has been increasing over time. As a result of the high consumption and production, coffee waste often ends up in landfills. One potential solution to this problem is converting coffee waste into reusable products. Coffee grounds waste can be utilized as renewable energy in the form of briquettes. In this research, coffee grounds are used as briquette material. Briquettes are made by the carbonization method. Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the quality of briquette. This study aims to identify the optimum carbonization temperature, with variations of 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C. Each briquette sample was analyzed according to the Indonesian National Standard SNI 01-6235-2000. The results show that all carbonization temperatures produced briquettes with high calorific values (>5000 cal/g), that is 6981 cal/g at 350°C, 7037 cal/g at 400°C, and 7043 cal/g at 450°C. However, the resulting briquettes did not meet the standard criteria for density, fixed carbon, and volatile matter.
Co-Authors Agus Prasetya Alfithroh, Mustika Agustini Andrijanto, Eko Anggita Nur Widyastuti Anggraeni, Danisa Dwi Aniqa Arjumand Bano Harvani Arlin Dini Anindya Astrinia Aurora Dinarsari Asyari, Restu Adji Alif Augustina, Nadya Aulia, Bunga Azzahra, Tarisha Aulia Bambang Soeswanto Chiquita, Belva Christianti, Christianti Clarisa, Shintiya Dianty Rosirda Dewi Kurnia DWI AMALIA Fadhillah, Fauzan Fatah, Khalaida Fania Fattah, Khalaida Fania Gunawan, Sinna Chaerunnabila Hary Sulistyo Indarti, Retno Jahulan, Tufana Muhallik Jusuf Pratama Kadek Chelsy Zahra Luviana, Angely Manfaati, Rintis Martadinata, Nadya Zafirra Maryani, Anisya Sri Muhari, Emma Hermawati Muhari, Emma Hermawati Muhari Nabila Nur Latiefa Ngatin, Agustinus Nurcahyo Paramitha, Tifa Puspita, Nina Putri, Alifhah Ananda Putri, Salsabila Azaliyah Ramadhani, Fauziah Ramadhani, Nabila Dwi Nur Retno Indarti Rintis Manfaati Rispiandi Rispiandi Rizky, Alfiani Salsabila Nisrina Junaedi Saripudin Saripudin Sa’diyyah, Ghina Nabila Nur Setiawan, Kiranna Shalmadevy Sihombing, Rony Sihombing, Rony Pasonang Silalahi, Rafael Leonardo Silvia Fatimatur Rahmawati Sudrajat Harris Abdulloh Suryadi, Joko Teguh Taufiqurohim Tita Rosita Tri Hariyadi Tsuroyyaa, Zakiyyah Unung Leoanggraini Wahyuni, Ninik Lintang Edi Wina Maulida Yogeswari, Luh Putu Irma Sridewi Yuliani, Nispi Yulistiani, Fitria Yunus Tonapa Sarungu Yurike Luckita Yusmardhany Yusuf Yusmardhany Yusuf Yusmardhany Yusuf Yusuf, Yusmardhany Zaharani, Feby Nurghaida Zahwa, Keisya Adellia Zulfikar, Yusup Muhammad