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Business Development of The Ecotourism of Javan Gibbon: A Marketing Mix Strategy at Gede Pangrango National Park Fandawa Saputra; Tutut Sunarminto; Harnios Arief; Khairiyah Kamilah
Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis dan Manajemen Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): JABM, Vol. 11 No. 1, January 2025
Publisher : School of Business, Bogor Agricultural University (SB-IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17358/jabm.11.1.228

Background: Javan gibbons are a protected species facing conservation challenges in Bodogol Resort, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Ecotourism has been shown to benefit both conservation and local economies in other regions.Purpose: This study aimed to assess visitor perceptions of Javan gibbon ecotourism development using a 4Ps marketing mix approach to identify areas for improvement and inform future conservation and tourism initiatives. The areas for improvement include product attributes such as offered package for tourists, chosen tourist provider, the offered price by seeing the willingness to pay, spots to enjoy the tourism, and effective promotion channels.Methods: Descriptive analysis and statistic descriptive analysis were employed to examine visitor perceptions. Data were collected through surveys administered to visitors to Bodogol Resort.Results: Findings indicate that tourists have a positive perception of Javan gibbon ecotourism, proven by the score given by local tourist and foreign tourists are 5.7 and 5.9 in a row. These scores show the degree of agreement (out of 7) about Javan gibbon ecotourism that brings positive impacts for the environment, social, and the Javan gibbon itself. However, there is a need to enhance the 4Ps marketing mix, including pricing, product offerings, promotion, and place. Specifically, prices should be adjusted based on visitor willingness to pay is IDR500,000 to IDR1,000,000 which have not been analyzed before. Social media promotion should be done with the involvement of influencers and community.Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the potential of Javan gibbon ecotourism to contribute to both conservation and local development. By implementing recommended strategies with 4P’s marketing mix approach, Bodogol Resort can further enhance visitor experiences such as formed package to offer to the tourist from various potential activity found from this research. The offered package adjusted to the willingness to pay of local and foreign tourist that ranged from IDR500,000 to IDR1,000,000. Respondents also agree that this ecotourism activity also support the long-term survival of this endangered species.Originality: There’s no business development for javan gibbon ecotourism before at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. This research also uses VALS Survey analysis to form the promotion strategy. Keywords: business development, ecotourism, javan gibbon, marketing mix, touris

Determining the landscape priority and their threats for the Critically Endangered Pongo tapanuliensis population in Indonesia Dede Aulia Rahman; Dones Rinaldi; Wanda Kuswanda; Rondang Siregar; Fitri Noorch; Fahmi Hakim; Harnios Arief; Haryanto R Putro
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 20 No. 12 (2019)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d201217

Abstract. Rahman DE, Rinaldi D, Kuswanda W, Siregar R, Noor CF, Hakim F, Arief H, Putro HR. 2019. Determining the landscape priority and their threats for the Critically Endangered Pongo tapanuliensis population in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3584-3592. Understanding the habitat preference and spatial distribution for the management of medium-large primates is important for conserving and enhancing biodiversity in the most isolated and remote Batang Toru landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Based on the first extensive orangutan survey dataset during 2000 and 2007, we aimed to provide microhabitat preference and distribution assessment for the new species of orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), a poorly known and threatened primate endemic in Indonesia. To inform future conservation measures, we develop a predictive habitat suitability map and use this map to show the current threat for Tapanuli orangutan in their habitat and as the basis of proposed of the landscape boundary in Batang Toru ecosystem. In order to identify some environmental factors affecting conservation, we analyzed the microhabitat preference of Tapanuli orangutan using maximum entropy modeling (MaxEnt). The modeled orangutan distribution map covers 1.458,06 km2 (58,52% of Batang Toru’s landscape) and reveals three distinct distribution areas. The four most important environmental predictors are the distance from the cultivation area, NDVI, mean precipitation, and distance from the secondary forest edge. The distribution of the orangutan overlap with land-use categories reveals that 42,98% of the distribution lies in protected areas, but that 15,54% lies in natural forest concessions and area for other purposes (APL). Large scale land-use masterplan is needed to provide strategies and control for future development in the possibility of land uses and management are allowed in the landscape including its conservation policies. Moreover, collaborative management strategies are needed to develop a sustainable management system. We confirmed the Batang Toru landscape as the sole of Indonesia’s biodiversity hotspots and a critical area to preserve the Tapanuli orangutan.

The potential of bird diversity in the urban landscape for birdwatching in Java, Indonesia Insan Kurnia; Harnios Arief; Ani Mardiastuti; Rachmad Hermawan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 4 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220413

Abstract. Kurnia I, Arief H, Mardiastuti A, Hermawan R. 2021. The potential of bird diversity in the urban landscape for birdwatching in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1701-1711. Birdwatching is a recreational activity of observing birds in the wild with the naked eye¸ using tools such as telescopes and binoculars, or listening to bird sounds. The observation locations can be either natural landscape or urban landscapes with bird diversity. However, the dominance of built spaces and man-made vegetation differed from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds found in the urban landscape. This paper aimed to analyze bird diversity in urban landscapes and their potential for birdwatching. The research was conducted from February to April 2020 in five cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya). Bird data were taken using the IPA method and were carried out in 85 green open spaces. Total bird species found were 75 species, with the largest number found in Bogor (66 species), followed by Surabaya (36 species), Bandung (28 species), Sukabumi (26 species), and Yogyakarta (19 species). The locations with the highest species richness in each city are Bogor Botanical Gardens (53 species), Cikundul Agrotourism Area Sukabumi (18 species), Bandung Zoological Garden (21 species), Gembira Loka Zoo (14 species), and Pakal City Forest Surabaya (20 species). Commonly seen bird species are dominated by generalist species typical of urban landscapes (e.g., Collocalia linchi, Passer montanus, and Pycnonotus aurigaster). Bird species richness has a positive correlation with the local area and habitat diversity. A total of 74 bird species are resident species that can be found throughout the year as birdwatching objects. Only one species are migrant species namely Merops philippinus.

Stakeholders and network analyses in Tambora National Park, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ANSHOR; SAMBAS BASUNI; HARNIOS ARIEF; TUTUT SUNARMINTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241027

Abstract. Anshor M, Basuni S, Arief H, Sunarminto T. 2023. Stakeholders and network analyses in Tambora National Park, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5446-5463. The complexity of managing Tambora National Park (Tambora NP), West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia poses a challenge to be overcome effectively by Tambora NP Office alone, thus the involvement of broader stakeholders is needed. These stakeholders have their respective levels of influence and interests which affect the relationship between them and Tambora NP Office. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the stakeholders related to the management of Tambora NP, and investigate their interests and influence using social network analysis. A stakeholder analysis was conducted by the following steps: (i) identifying the stakeholders, (ii) mapping the stakeholders, and (iii) assessing the relationship among stakeholders. The analysis identified 38 stakeholders related to Tambora NP management. Tambora NP Office is the primary stakeholder with the highest level of influence and interest. The relationship established in the management network of Tambora NP is still weak and centralized among several stakeholders in which Tambora NP Office is the most central stakeholder. The relationship among stakeholders is dominated by five stakeholders, namely Tambora NP Office, Natural Resources Conservation Agency of West Nusa Tenggara (BKSDA NTB), Executive Board (DP) of Geopark Tambora, Forest Management Unit (KPH) Tambora and the Environment and Forestry Provincial Service of West Nusa Tenggara Province (Dinas LHK NTB). These five institutions also dominate the proximity between stakeholders, so the information flow is not evenly distributed to all stakeholders. The weak relationships among stakeholders could be overcome by enhancing the flow of information and communication which could be facilitated by Tambora NP Office, BKSDA NTB, and DP Geopark Tambora.

Analisis Peran dan Hubungan Antar Pemangku Kepentingan dalam Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Air di Taman Wisata Alam Buluh Cina Provinsi Riau Anisa Munthe; Rachmad Hermawan; Harnios Arief
ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis Vol 10, No 2 (2026): (In Press)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32522/ujht.v10i1.27316

Taman Wisata Alam Buluh Cina memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai daerah tangkapan air serta berpotensi untuk pengembangan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya air. Dibalik potensinya TWA menghadapi ancaman dari perambahan lahan, pembakaran hutan, dan eksploitasi sumber daya alam secara illegal seiring dengan ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit, pertambangan, dan konversi lahan alam, sehingga membutuhkan peran antar aktor dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air yang tepat agar memberikan dampak signifikan pada masyarakat dan kawasan. Pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air sangat dipengaruhi oleh interaksi serta peran strategis berbagai aktor yang terlibat dalam pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis MACTOR (Matrix of Alliance and Conflict: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) untuk mengkaji keseimbangan kekuatan, tingkat pengaruh, serta ketergantungan antar aktor. Hasil analisis mengidentifikasi sepuluh aktor utama dan terdapat dua aktor dominan yang berada pada Kuadran I, yaitu BBKSDA Riau dan masyarakatat, kedua aktor tersebut berperan sebagai pusat otonomi dalam pengambilan keputusan kebijakan dan memiliki keterlibatan langsung dalam pengelolaan teknis kawasan. Sementara itu, aktor yang termasuk dalam kuadran II meliputi pemerintah desa, Pokdarwis, BPDAS, BWSS, Dispar, dan DLHK. Aktor-aktor ini memiliki potensi besar dalam memengaruhi sistem, namun pada saat yang sama juga memiliki tingkat ketergantungan yang relatif tinggi terhadap aktor lainnya. Secara umum, seluruh aktor menunjukkan tingkat kesepakatan yang tinggi terhadap tujuan pengelolaan berkelanjutan, khususnya dalam aspek pengelolaan sumber daya air, pengembangan pariwisata, dan pelibatan masyarakat lokal. Tingkat konvergensi tertinggi yaitu BBKSDA Riau, pemerintah desa, dan Pokdarwis. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan kerangka tata kelola kolaboratif sebagai pendekatan strategis untuk memastikan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air yang berkelanjutan di TWA Buluh Cina.

Analisis Peran dan Hubungan Antar Pemangku Kepentingan dalam Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Air di Taman Wisata Alam Buluh Cina Provinsi Riau Anisa Munthe; Rachmad Hermawan; Harnios Arief
ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32522/ujht.v10i1.27316

Taman Wisata Alam Buluh Cina memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai daerah tangkapan air serta berpotensi untuk pengembangan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya air. Dibalik potensinya TWA menghadapi ancaman dari perambahan lahan, pembakaran hutan, dan eksploitasi sumber daya alam secara illegal seiring dengan ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit, pertambangan, dan konversi lahan alam, sehingga membutuhkan peran antar aktor dalam pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air yang tepat agar memberikan dampak signifikan pada masyarakat dan kawasan. Pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air sangat dipengaruhi oleh interaksi serta peran strategis berbagai aktor yang terlibat dalam pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis MACTOR (Matrix of Alliance and Conflict: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) untuk mengkaji keseimbangan kekuatan, tingkat pengaruh, serta ketergantungan antar aktor. Hasil analisis mengidentifikasi sepuluh aktor utama dan terdapat dua aktor dominan yang berada pada Kuadran I, yaitu BBKSDA Riau dan masyarakatat, kedua aktor tersebut berperan sebagai pusat otonomi dalam pengambilan keputusan kebijakan dan memiliki keterlibatan langsung dalam pengelolaan teknis kawasan. Sementara itu, aktor yang termasuk dalam kuadran II meliputi pemerintah desa, Pokdarwis, BPDAS, BWSS, Dispar, dan DLHK. Aktor-aktor ini memiliki potensi besar dalam memengaruhi sistem, namun pada saat yang sama juga memiliki tingkat ketergantungan yang relatif tinggi terhadap aktor lainnya. Secara umum, seluruh aktor menunjukkan tingkat kesepakatan yang tinggi terhadap tujuan pengelolaan berkelanjutan, khususnya dalam aspek pengelolaan sumber daya air, pengembangan pariwisata, dan pelibatan masyarakat lokal. Tingkat konvergensi tertinggi yaitu BBKSDA Riau, pemerintah desa, dan Pokdarwis. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penerapan kerangka tata kelola kolaboratif sebagai pendekatan strategis untuk memastikan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air yang berkelanjutan di TWA Buluh Cina.

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