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All Journal Jurnal Cita Hukum Jurnal IUS (Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan) Hasanuddin Law Review Indonesia Private Law Review Jurnal Hukum Islam SASI Journal of Law and Legal Reform JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies)
Rajamanickam, Ramalinggam
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Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Legal Framework for Authenticity of Blockchain Electronic Evidence in China: Under a Comparative Law Perspective Chen, Siqi; Rajamanickam, Ramalinggam; Manap, Nazura Abdul
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 10 ISSUE 3, DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v10i3.5638

Abstract

This article analyses the attitudes of various courts towards blockchain electronic evidence and the inconsistent conclusions on its authenticity in China’s judicial practice. The purpose of this article is to explore the rules for determining the authenticity of blockchain electronic evidence that are suitable for China’s reality. This article adopts a qualitative approach to analyse the rules for determining the authenticity of blockchain electronic evidence in China, and identifies the problems faced when reviewing the authenticity of blockchain electronic evidence in Chinese judicial practice. Finally, by comparing and learning from the U.S. rules for determining the authenticity of blockchain electronic evidence, this article puts forward proposals for establishing the best evidence rule and the hearsay rule for blockchain electronic evidence, refining the rules for judicial presumptions as well as explicitly reviewing the authenticity of the electronic evidence prior to uploading it to the blockchain.
CROP INSURANCE AS PROTECTION FOR FARMERS: A STUDY OF NORMS AND PRACTICES IN INDONESIA Gultom, Elisatris; Ramadanni, Manisha; Rajamanickam, Ramalinggam
Indonesia Private Law Review Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/iplr.v7i1.4669

Abstract

Indonesia’s agricultural sector remains dominated by traditional rice farming that contributes modestly to GDP, while farmers face rising risks of crop failure due to climate change and other external factors. This condition reveals a gap between the legal objective of farmer protection and empowerment and the practical effectiveness of crop insurance through the Rice Farming Insurance Program (Asuransi Usaha Tani Padi/AUTP). This article examines whether AUTP constitutes a legally valid general insurance contract under Indonesian civil and commercial law and assesses its effectiveness as a protection mechanism for rice farmers. Using a normative juridical method based on secondary data, the study applies statutory, conceptual, and case approaches to analyze AUTP regulations in relation to empirical findings from prior research. The results indicate that AUTP fulfills the essential elements of loss insurance and qualifies as an innominate contract under Article 1319 of the Civil Code in conjunction with Articles 246 and 247 of the Commercial Code. However, its practical effectiveness remains limited due to internal constraints, including low insurance literacy, premium affordability, and participation rates, as well as external constraints related to institutional capacity, claim mechanisms, and climate-related production risks. These findings suggest that further strengthening of AUTP’s implementation design is necessary to achieve effective farmer protection.
Co-Authors Abdul Madjid Anita Afriana Cao, Wenze Cao, Zhaoxun Chen, Siqi Dahlan, Nur Khalidah Dede Kania Dede Kania, Dede Kania Efa Laela Fakhirah, Efa Laela Efa Laela Fakhriah Elisatris Gultom Endeh Suhartini Hazar Kusmayanti, Hazar Jan, Naseem Lastuti Abubakar Madiha Dzakiyyah Chairunnisa, Madiha Dzakiyyah Chairunnisa Masykur, Mohammad Hamidi Nazura Abdul Manap Prija Djatmika, Prija Rahman, Wahbi Ramadanni, Manisha Sherly Ayuna Putri Sudarsono Sulastri, Dewi Zahir, Mohd Zamre Mohd