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All Journal SAINS DAN MATEMATIKA JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Jurnal Pengabdian Kolaborasi dan Inovasi IPTEKS Molekul: Jurnal Ilmiah Kimia Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

Arnelli Arnelli

Chemistry Department, Faculty Of Sciences And Mathematics, Diponegoro University Jl. Profesor Soedharto, S.H. Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275

Author-ID : 233689

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Social Sciences

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Modification of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant and ZnCl2 activator and Microwaves for Nitrate Ion Adsorption Yeni Aprilia; Arnelli Arnelli; Yayuk Astuti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 11 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 11 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Surfactant Modified Activated Carbon (SMAC) is a surfactant-modified activated carbon product. The surfactant used in this study was the cationic surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br). These surfactants can change the activated carbon's surface to be positively charged due to the presence of the surfactant hydrophilic groups. This SMAC is more selective in absorbing anions, which in this study is for the adsorption of nitrate anions. This research aims to prepare a new material that is superior to activated carbon in absorbing nitrate anions. This research was conducted in several stages. In the first stage, rice husk was carbonized through pyrolysis at 300°C for 10 minutes. In the second stage, carbon was activated using 30% ZnCl2 and microwaves for 5 minutes and 400 W. The third stage was modifying activated carbon by contacting or adsorbing HDTMA-Br on activated carbon. The concentration of HDTMA-Br varied at 200-400 ppm and the adsorption time was 3-7 hours. The success of the modification was measured by the efficiency of HDTMA-Br in modifying activated carbon. This is supported by the results of the characterization of FTIR, GSA, SEM, and thermodynamic parameters. The resulting SMAC was applied for the adsorption of nitrate anions, and the results were compared to carbon and activated carbon. The results indicate that the best SMAC is formed at an optimum concentration of 300 ppm, within 4 hours, with an adsorption efficiency of 97.345%. The characterization results also show that SMAC has been formed, as evidenced by the presence of a peak at a wavenumber of about 1500 cm-1, a C-N group derived from N(CH3)3 in the HDTMA-Br surfactant structure. The SMAC spectra also appeared weak peaks at the wave number 2918 cm-1, which indicated the CH2-R group stretching from the HDTMA-Br surfactant. SEM image shows that HDTMA-Br has covered the pores of activated carbon. Meanwhile, the SMAC surface area is lower than that of activated carbon. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that HDTMA-Br interacts physically with activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of nitrate anion by SMAC is 3,638 mg/g, higher than carbon and activated carbon.

Synthesis of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant-Modified Activated Carbon as Adsorbent for Pb2+ and NO3- Arnelli Arnelli; Rahmatul Fazira; Yayuk Astuti; Ahmad Suseno
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 23, No 11 (2020): Volume 23 Issue 11 Year 2020
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

The adsorption efficiency and selectivity of activated carbon as an adsorbent for ions can be improved. One way is to convert activated carbon into surfactant modified activated carbon (SMAC). The surfactants used in this study were the anionic surfactant Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) and the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). This research aims to synthesize SMAC to obtain a material with a surface charge and absorb ions better than activated carbon. This research consisted of four stages. The first step was the carbonization of rice husks using a pyrolysis reactor at 400°C for 1 hour. The second stage was carbon activation using 30% ZnCl2 and microwave radiation for 5 minutes and 400 W. The third stage was the modification of activated carbon and characterization by FTIR, SEM, SAA. The fourth stage was the adsorption of Pb cations and nitrate anions by carbon, activated carbon, and SMAC. Several variables were applied, such as the type of surfactant, time, and method of modification. There are three ways of modification: (1) method A, in which activated carbon is brought into contact with SLS then HDTMA-Br. (2) Method B in which activated carbon was contacted with HDTMA-Br then SLS. (3) Method C in which activated carbon was brought into contact with SLS together with HDTMA-Br. All variables were investigated. The results showed that the optimum time for making SMAC for both surfactants was 4 hours, the optimum concentrations of SLS and HDTMA-Br were 60 and 300 ppm, respectively. SMAC made by the C method was the most effective at adsorbing Pb2+ and NO3- with adsorption capacities of 1.376 and 0.896 mg/g, respectively. The success of SMAC synthesis was evidenced by the S=O and (CH3)3N+ groups in the FTIR spectra. The SMAC surface area is smaller than activated carbon, 14.472 m2/g, but the surface morphology is smoother and more homogeneous.

Pembuatan Karbon Aktif Termodifikasi Surfaktan Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SMAC-SLS) dari Tempurung Kelapa Menggunakan Aktivator ZnCl2 dan Gelombang Mikro Sebagai Adsorben Kation Pb(II) Anisyah Anisyah; Arnelli Arnelli; Yayuk Astuti
Greensphere: Journal of Environmental Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2021): Volume 1 Issue 1 tahun 2021
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Penelitian tentang modifikasi karbon aktif tempurung kelapa dengan surfaktan sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) telah dilakukan sebagai adsorben logam Pb(II). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat material baru Surfactant Modificated Activated Carbon (SMAC) dari tempurung kelapa yang lebih unggul dari karbon aktif untuk adsorben logam Pb(II). Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahap, tahap pertama adalah karbonisasi tempurung kelapa mengunakan pirolisis pada temperatur 400oC selama 1 jam, tahap kedua aktivasi menggunakan ZnCl2 30% dan radisasi gelombang mikro dengan daya bervariasi 80 -800 W selama waktu bervariasi 1 – 9 menit, tahap ketiga modifikasi karbon aktif menggunakan SLS 60 ppm selama 4 jam dan selanjutnya tahap aplikasi SMAC untuk adsorben logam Pb. Karakterisasi SMAC dilakukan adalah dengan FTIR, GSA, SEM dan data termodinamika. keberhasilan adsorpsi SMAC diukur dengan menentukan kapasitas adsorpsi. Hasil modifikasi menunjukkan karbon aktif dapat mengadsorpsi SLS sebesar 1,496 mg/g. Karakterisasi SMAC dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya pucak S=O pada bilangan gelombang 1341 cm-1, karakterisasi dengan GSA menunjukkan luas area SMAC lebih kecil dari karbon aktif yaitu sebesar 3,924 m2/g, morfologi permukaan SMAC sebagian besar tertutup oleh surfaktan SLS dan data termodinamika memberikan nilai entalpi sebesar -10,282 kJ/mol yang menunjukkan interaksi antara karbon aktif dan SLS merupakan interaksi atau adsorpsi secara fisik. SMAC efektif mengadsorpsi logam Pb(II) dengan efisiensi sebesar 99,89% dan kapasitas sebesar 1,498 mg/g dan interaksi antara SMAC dengan kation Pb (II) merupakan interaksi elektrostatis.Kata Kunci: SMAC, Kapasitas Adsorpsi, kation Pb

Use of Microwave Radiation for Activating Carbon from Rice Husk Using ZnCl2 Activator Arnelli Arnelli; Ulya Hanifah Henrika Putri; Fandi Nasrun Cholis; Yayuk Astuti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 22, No 6 (2019): Volume 22 Issue 6 Year 2019
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Activated carbon is one of the most commonly used adsorbents in a variety of separation processes because it is inexpensive, and also the design and principal of application are quite simple. The ability of activated carbon as an adsorbent is related to its large surface area and pore volume, varying pore structure, and diverse surface reactivity. The use of microwave radiation can further improve the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Micro-waves can affect the pore texture and surface of the activated carbon, but rarely do both practitioners and researchers control these variables influencing the relationship between features and performance of biomass-based activated carbon as an adsorbent at the time of manufacture from the initial stage (carbonation) to carbon application active (e.g., adsorption of heavy metals, surfactants, and organic molecules). This study aims to synthesize activated carbon from rice husk, which has the efficiency and capacity of adsorption of heavy metals such as Pb and activator organic molecules used is ZnCl2 30% and microwave radiation. This research has succeeded in making activated carbon using the ZnCl2 activator and microwave radiation. The time and power of microwave radiation that provides the highest efficiency in the carbon activation process for Pb ion adsorbate, were 7 minutes and 800 W. For phenol adsorbate was 5 minutes at 800 W. The highest efficiency time and concentration of adsorption for Pb ion adsorbate were 40 minutes at 60 ppm while for phenol adsorbate were 5 hours at 100 ppm. The adsorption efficiency for Pb cation adsorbate was 99.57%. While for phenol adsorbate is 81.05%. Characterization with FTIR, SEM-EDX, and SAA showed a C-Cl bond, the pores were visible, and an increased surface area of activated carbon was 36.9 times the surface area of carbon and the pores formed were mesoporous.

Pemanfaatan Surfaktan Kationik Hasil Sublasi sebagai Molekul Pengarah pada Pembuatan Material Berpori dari Sekam Padi Endah Wulan Juni; Arnelli Arnelli; Sriatun Sriatun
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 15, No 1 (2012): Volume 15 Issue 1 Year 2012
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Penelitian pemanfaatan surfaktan kationik dari hasil sublasi sebagai molekul pengarah pada pembuatan material berpori dari sekam padi Telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi surfaktan dari hasil sublasi terhadap karakter material hasil sintesis. Proses sublasi dilakukan untuk memisahkan surfaktan kationik dari larutan dan menghasilkan surfaktan kationik dari golongan ammonium kuarterner dengan CMC (Konsentrasi Misel Kritis) 2,1 g/L. Surfaktan kationik divariasi konsentrasi yaitu di bawah CMC (M1) = 1 g/L, pada CMC (M2) = 2,1 g/L dan di atas CMC (M3) = 10,5 g/L. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa hasil sintesis merupakan padatan kristal. Hasil BET menunjukkan luas permukaan, volume pori total dan radius pori dari masing-masing hasil sintesis berturut-turut adalah 7,18 m2/g; 4,21 x 10-3 cm3/g; 11,721 Å untuk M1; 9,81 m2/g; 5,66 x 10-3 cm3/g; 11,54 Å untuk M2 dan 9,06 m2/g; 5,07 x 10-3 cm3/g; 11,196 Å untuk M3. Konsentrasi surfaktan kationik pada CMC (M2) menghasilkan material berpori dengan luas permukaan dan volume pori paling tinggi relatif terhadap M1 dan M3. Komposisi mineral material hasil sintesis berupa campuran dari natrium silikat hidrat, aluminum hidrogen silikat, dan natrium hidrogen silikat hidrat. Material hasil sintesis adalah mesopori dengan diameter pori rata-rata 22 Å.

Detergensi Natrium Dodesilbenzen Sulfonat dengan Penambahan Natrium Tripolifosfat dan Variasi pH Briyanto Briyanto; Arnelli Arnelli; Ahmad Suseno
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 13, No 1 (2010): Volume 13 Issue 1 Year 2010
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Detergensi dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan natrium tripolifosfat dan mengatur pH pada saat pencucian. Detergensi yang dipelajari adalah detergensi natrium dodesilbenzen sulfonat hasil sintesis. Natrium dodesilbenzen sulfonat diperoleh dengan reaksi alkilasi, sulfonasi dan netralisasi. Produk dianalisis menggunakan FTIR dan uji detergensi produk dilakukan dengan mencuci kain katun dengan ukuran 10x10 cm yang telah dikotori dengan kotoran standar tanpa dan dengan penambahan natrium tripolifosfat dan variasi pH. Produk sintesis yang diperoleh berupa kristal abu- abu sebanyak 2,83 gram (rendemen 48,38 %). Pada uji detergensi, diperoleh bahwa daya detergensi optimum dari natrium dodesilbenzen sulfonat pada penambahan 70% natrium tripolifosfat. Semakin bertambahnya pH, semakin meningkatkan detergensi dan maksimum pada pH = 11,5

Formulasi Larutan Pencuci dari Surfaktan Hasil Sublasi Limbah Laundry Puspitasari Puspitasari; Arnelli Arnelli; Ahmad Suseno
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 16, No 1 (2013): Volume 16 Issue 1 Year 2013
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang perumusan cairan pencuci dari surfaktan sublasi dari limbah laundry. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formula cairan pencuci hasil surfaktan substitusi dari limbah cucian dan detergensi optimal dari cairan pencuci yang diformulasikan. Salah satu metode yang dapat diterapkan untuk mendapatkan surfaktan dari air limbah bekas adalah metode sublasi. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu sublasi limbah cucian, karakterisasi surfaktan, dan uji detergensi. Penentuan jumlah surfaktan menggunakan metode MBAS, penentuan kelompok fungsional surfaktan menggunakan FTIR, detergensi dengan sublasi surfaktan dengan memvariasikan pH, Sodium Tripoly Phosphate (STPP), Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan yang berasal dari proses sublasi adalah alkilbenzena sulfonat lurus (LAS). Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh spektrum FTIR yang menunjukkan beberapa kelompok fungsi seperti alkil, sulfonat dan pengganti cincin aromatik. Surfaktan anionik mengalami penurunan sebesar 81,43%. Hasil uji detergensi diperoleh detergensi optimum 90,49%, formula cairan pembersih 21% surfaktan, STPP 60%, pH 10,5, 1% CMC.Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang perumusan cairan pencuci dari surfaktan sublasi dari limbah laundry. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formula cairan pencuci hasil surfaktan substitusi dari limbah cucian dan detergensi optimal dari cairan pencuci yang diformulasikan. Salah satu metode yang dapat diterapkan untuk mendapatkan surfaktan dari air limbah bekas adalah metode sublasi. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu sublasi limbah cucian, karakterisasi surfaktan, dan uji detergensi. Penentuan jumlah surfaktan menggunakan metode MBAS, penentuan kelompok fungsional surfaktan menggunakan FTIR, detergensi dengan sublasi surfaktan dengan memvariasikan pH, Sodium Tripoly Phosphate (STPP), Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan yang berasal dari proses sublasi adalah alkilbenzena sulfonat lurus (LAS). Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh spektrum FTIR yang menunjukkan beberapa kelompok fungsi seperti alkil, sulfonat dan pengganti cincin aromatik. Surfaktan anionik mengalami penurunan sebesar 81,43%. Hasil uji detergensi diperoleh detergensi optimum 90,49%, formula cairan pembersih 21% surfaktan, STPP 60%, pH 10,5, 1% CMC.

Synthesis of Zeolite from Sugar Cane as Detergent Builder: Variation of Si/Al Ratio and Hydrothermal TimeSynthesis of Zeolite from Sugar Cane as Detergent Builder: Variation of Si/Al Ratio and Hydrothermal Time Arnelli Arnelli; Noor Afifah; Narita Rizki; Tri Windarti; Yayuk Astuti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 21, No 1 (2018): Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2018
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Synthesis of zeolite from bagasse with variation of Si / Al ratio (1,2,1,4,1,6 and 1,8) with ZS1-ZS5 code and hydrothermal time (160, 190, 250, 340, and 460 minutes) with sample code ZSa - ZSe has been conducted. The synthesized zeolite was then applied to the detergent builder. The detergent builder of synthetic zeolite was used as a substitute for sodium tripolyphosphate, which is not environmentally friendly as it can lead to eutrophication. One of the detergent builder functions is to improve the washing efficiency of the surfactant by inactivating water-absorbing minerals (Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions) which may further deter the detergency process. Zeolites were synthesized using a sol-gel method followed by a hydrothermal process. The material used in this synthesis is Na2SiO3 (aq) (derived from bagasse) mixed with NaAl(OH)4 (aq), then stirred to form a white gel and continued by heating using autoclave at 100°C. The results obtained are zeolite-A and zeolt-X for variation of Si/Al ratio and hydrothermal time variation, with CEC value and detergency proportional to Si/Al ratio and hydrothermal time.

Adsorption of HDTMA-Br surfactant with concentration variation by rice husk-based activated carbon produced by variation of carbonization temperature Galih N. R. Pargiman; Arnelli Arnelli; Yayuk Astuti
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 21, No 4 (2018): volume 21 Issue 4 Year 2018
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Research has been conducted on the adsorption of HDTMA-Br surfactant by rice husk-activated carbon with variation of carbonization temperature and concentration of HDTMA-Br. This study aims to produce surfactant modified activated carbon (SMAC), therefore it is necessary to determine the influence of carbonization temperature to the adsorption capability of activated carbon on HDTMA-Br surfactant by identifying the amount of HDTMA-Br surfactant absorbed, to characterize the characters of carbon, activated carbon and activated carbon adsorbing surfactant using FTIR and SAA. Carbonization was carried out by pyrolysis with temperature variations of 300, 350 and 400°C. The carbon produced was activated using 60% H3PO4 for 1 hour. After that, the activated carbon was applied to adsorb HDTMA-Br surfactant by varying the concentration that were 300, 1100, 1900, 2700, 3500 and 4300 ppm. The results showed that HDTMA-Br adsorbed tended to increase by increasing the concentration of surfactant. In addition, the best carbonization temperature showing high adsorption capability of activated carbon was at 300°C. FTIR spectra of activated carbon showed the presence of P = O peak; at the SMAC sampel there was peak of N-(CH3)3 with different intensities in three samples. Moreover, SAA analysis showed that the surface area of activated carbon increased compared to carbon and slightly decreased after the activated carbon absorbed HDTMA-Br.

Adsorpsi Ion Bikromat pada Zeolit Alam Modifikasi Surfaktan Kation Hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA+) Mariza Umi Darmayanti; Ahmad Suseno; Arnelli Arnelli
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 12, No 3 (2009): Volume 12 Issue 3 Year 2009
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Potensi cadangan zeolit alam Indonesia yang melimpah belum optimal pemanfaatannya pada berbagai aplikasi di masyarakat. Upaya untuk meningkatkan daya guna zeolit alam telah dilakukan penelitian dengan memodifikasi zeolit alam sebagai bahan adsorben ion bikromat menggunakan metode pertukaran kation. Sifat muatan negatif yang dimiliki permukaan zeolit akan distabilkan oleh adanya kation penyeimbang. Kation penyeimbang tersebut pada dasarnya dapat digantikan oleh kation lain melalui pertukaran kation. Kation yang digunakan dalam memodifikasi permukaan zeolit alam bayat klaten adalah Hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA+). Karakterisasi terhadap modifikasi zeolit tersebut dilakukan menggunakan FTIR. Uji adsorpsi dilakukan terhadap ion bikromat pada zeolit alam dan zeolit hasil modifikasi. Pengukuran konsentrasi ion bikromat yang teradsorpsi menggunakan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (AAS) serta penentuan kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum dihitung dengan metode isotherm Langmuir. Dari penelitian diperoleh spectra FTIR yang menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi dengan (HDTMA+) pada zeolit alam telah berhasil dilakukan dengan munculnya puncak 2850,55 cm-1 dan 2919,39 cm-1 yang merupakan rentangan simetris dan asimetris uluran CH2 amina dan surfaktan (HDTMA+). Pada penentuan konsentrasi ion bikromat menggunakan AAS yang di interpretasikan dengan isotherm Langmuir diperoleh kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum untuk zeolit alam sebesar 3,278 mg/g dan zeolit modifikasi sebesar 3,484 mg/g.

Co-Authors A. Haris A. Rusgiyono Ahmad Suseno Alfiansyah Alfiansyah Amilia Fauziyah Anisyah Anisyah Annisa Syifaurrahma Arthono, Thonang Arum Dista Wulansari B. Raharjo Bara Yunianto Fathoni Briyanto Briyanto Chandra Ady Nugroho Chandra, Yopie D. Ispriyanti Didik Setiyo Widodo Diyan Arini E. Setiawati Endah Wulan Juni F. Ariyanto Fahmi Syafaat Fandi Nasrun Cholis Fauzan Musthafa Fitriani Solichah Galih N. R. Pargiman Gaurav A. Bhaduri H. Sutanto Hanani, Asti Hanna Niela Diana Hendri Widiyandari Hermawati, Lucia I. Marhaendrajaya Iis Nurhasanah Ismaryata, Ismaryata J. E. Suseno Juwanda, Farikhin M. Izzati M. Nur M. S.H. Yoga S. Mardiana, Harisa Mariza Umi Darmayanti Narita Rizki Ngadiwiyana M.Si. S.Si. Noor Afifah Nugraheni, Wahyu Widi Pardoyo Pardoyo Pardoyo Pardoyo Priyono Priyono Pungki Hanipa Puspitasari Puspitasari R. Hariyati R. Hastuti Rahayu, R.A. Yunita Suci Rahmatul Fazira Rizka Andianingrum Rohayati Juita S. Tana Siti Fatimah Siti Nurhayati Sri Guswini Sriatun Sriatun Sugito Sugito Suhartono Suhartono T. Windarti Taslimah Taslimah Teguh Iman Prastyo Tri Windarti Ulya Hanifah Henrika Putri W. H. Rahmanto Yayuk Astuti Yeni Aprilia Yusniati Yusniati Z. Muhlisin

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