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All Journal Science and Technology Indonesia Communications in Science and Technology Jurnal Teknologi dan Komputer Jurnal Riset Fisika Indonesia Abdi Jurnal Publikasi APPA : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Stasiun Geofisika Sleman (JSGS) Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia
Mardiyanto
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Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

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Combination Effect of Extracts and Pure Compounds of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Sungkai (Peronema canescens) Leaves on Antioxidant Activity Elfita; Oktiansyah, Rian; Mardiyanto; Setiawan, Arum; Widjajanti, Hary
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.1.69-76

Abstract

Endophytic fungi extracts have various biological and pharmacological activities as natural antioxidants which have the potential to be developed in the pharmaceutical. Drugs made from natural substances frequently work best when they are present in large quantities. This may result in unfavorable side effects from using more of one substance at a time. This limitation can be overcome by using a combination of the extracts/pure compounds that allow synergistic interactions with strong antioxidant properties at fairly low concentrations. The purpose of this research was to determine the combined effect of endophytic fungi extracts and its pure compounds on their antioxidant activity. This research was initiated by rejuvenating eight selected endophytic fungal isolates from Sungkai leaves and morphological characterization was carried out. Each fungus was cultivated in PDB medium for 4 weeks under statistical conditions. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the endophytic fungi’s liquid culture, which was then evaporated. Each endophytic fungal extract (PD1-PD8) and their five pure compounds were tested for antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. Then a combination of two and three extracts was carried out with a ratio of 1:1. The results show that the interaction of the mixture of endophytic fungi extracts and their pure compounds can be classified as synergistic (combined effect of the extracts > individual effects), additive (combined effect of the extracts = individual effect), and nothing is antagonistic (combined effect of the extracts < individual effects). The best combination in this study was PD4+PD5+PD6 (1:1:1) which could be used as a formula for further research into in vivo immunostimulant tests. Another conclusion from this research is that the pure compounds contained in the extracts have lower antioxidant activity than the extracts and do not have a synergistic effect on the combination.
Formulation and Evaluation of Gambier (Uncaria gambir)-Chitosan Microparticle Intranasal Delivery for Alzheimer’s Diseases Fithri, Najma Annuria; Mardiyanto; Fitrya; Rahmah, Asfaraeni; Annisa, Novilia Megi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.284-298

Abstract

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia continues to be the deadliest neuro degenerative disease in recent years. Despite significant efforts to mitigate the progression of the disease, there is no known cure and development towards a more effective treatment is still lacking. AD is marked by exceptionally low amount of acetylcholine in the brain, formation of tau protein, and amyloid beta plaque. Current drugs of choice for treating AD, namely donepezil and memantine, are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors which focused on delaying the onset of cognitive decline by maintaining acetylcholine concentration. Gambier water extract (GWE) contains high level of polyphenols which act as an antioxidant, exhibit strong correlation with AChE inhibitor. The aim of this research is to formulate and encapsulate GWE inside a microparticle system composed of chitosan and different crosslinkers, STPP (IMGS) and CaCl2 (IMGC), which were then characterized as AChE inhibitor using Ellman’s method. Variations of the formula were designed following Box-Behnken experimental design with chitosan and crosslinker concentration, crosslinker type, and stirring speed as variables. Initial activity of GWE, IMGS and IMGC as antioxidant were confirmed with DPPH method, obtaining a strong activity of 88.01, 82.11, and 84.99% DPPH inhibition at 100 ppm respectively. Promisingly, at concentration of 100 ppm GWE demonstrated AChE inhibition of 30.36%. However, this activity reduced after encapsulation into IMGS and IMGC, with 14.63% and 18.65% AChE inhibition, which can be linked to the relatively sustained diffusion of GWE from the polymer matrix. IMGS and IMGC diffusion profile showed release of 23.24% and 21.89% after 6 hours, with significant increase in diffusion after 24 hours with 74.92% and 71.19% respectively. Despite showing sustained release behaviour, both IMGS and IMGC ex-vivo diffusion significantly improved when compared to GWE which only diffused 51.84% after 24 hours. This result indicates encapsulation of GWE into a polymeric carrier could increase gambier diffusion through the nasal mucous membrane, significantly improving the potential to penetrate into the brain systemic circulation. Combined with desirable intranasal delivery characteristics, this research was able to demonstrate the promising potential of gambier water extract polymeric system as AChE inhibitors for AD therapy.
Optimization of Nanoemulsion Formula Containing Erythromycin with VCO and Varying Concentrations of Tween-80 and PEG-400 Mardiyanto; Mohadi, Risfidian; Fithri, Najma Annuria; Kurniawan, Gilang
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2024.9.3.697-709

Abstract

Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic is classified into Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II which has low solubility in water. The low solubility corresponds to the bioavailability in the blood. One strategy to increase the solubility of Erythromycin is the formulation of erythromycin in nanoemulsion. This research aims to form nanoemulsion using the PIT (Phase Transition Temperature) method for obtaining the optimum formula of erythromycin nanoemulsion using virgin coconut oil (VCO) can be found with varying concentrations of Tween 80 surfactant and PEG 400 cosurfactant. The selection of the optimum formula was assisted by Design Expert software with the Factorial design method 22. The basis for determining the optimum formula is based on the results of organoleptic characterization tests, adsorption efficiency (%EE), percent transmittance, viscosity test, pH test, and stability test. The optimum formula was nanoemulsion which had a concentration of Tween 80 25% and PEG 400 25% as a desirability value of <1. The results of the optimum formula showed that the particle size was 170.6±12.8594 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) 0.403±0.04406, and zeta potential -8.8667±0.25697 mV and had an appropriate stability without phase separation during stability test.
Uncaria gambir Based Green Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Photothermal Induced Thrombolytic and Antibacterial Applications Fithri, Najma Annuria; Mardiyanto; Fadilah, Ade; Pratiwi, Aisyah; Alisyahbana, Sutan Satya; Alhafiz, Muhammad Faris; Maharani, Nabila Puan
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.303-312

Abstract

Application of natural compounds in the field of nanoparticle synthesis have been explored due to their robust application and safety. Additionally, these compounds exhibit activities which can be utilised for their medicinal purposes. One of the most useful compounds is catechin, a polyphenolic compound present in high concentration in Uncaria gambir. Herein, we developed inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) based on green synthesis with gambir extract (GE) to produce iron oxide (GE-IONP), gold (GE-AuNP) and silver nanoparticles (GE-AgNP). These nanoparticles were then subjected to observation towards their photothermal activity for the treatment of thrombosis and antibacterial activity. Based on our evaluation, the NPs we obtained were able to exude photothermal effect, indicated by the significant increase of temperature of the solution of around 5-15 ◦C. Evaluation of thrombolytic potential towards thrombus with an in vitro model showed reduction of thrombus mass of around 40-50%, significantly improves the thrombolytic activity compared to GE alone. Antibacterial activity of laser induced GE-AgNP, GE-AuNP and GE-IONP on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated similar strength in inhibiting bacterial growth with broad spectrum antibiotics. Samples containing the NPs that were irradiated with laser were more efficient in preventing bacterial growth when compared to the NPs samples that were not subjected to laser, proving the synergistic mechanism of NPs and laser towards antibacterial effect. Based on the results we obtained, gambir based inorganic particles showed promising results as thrombolytic and antibacterial agent.
Investigation of Physical Properties, Solubility, Dissolution Profiles, and Flow Properties of Solid Dispersion Loading Cefixime Using Chitosan and Sodium Alginate Mardiyanto; Fithri, Najma Annuria; Shiyan, Shaum; Satrio, Fakhri D.
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.943-951

Abstract

The co-grinding method has been used to produce solid dispersions that increase the solubility of drug substances by utilizing hydrophilic polymers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan and variations of sodium alginate as polymers on the dissolution rate of cefixime solid dispersion using the co-grinding technique. The cefixime solid dispersion formulation was made in three variations of sodium alginate formulas, namely 200 mg, 250 mg, and 300 mg. Sample characterization was carried out using XRD, FTIR, SEM, solubility testing, dissolution rate, and flow properties. The results showed that Formula 2 (F2) cefixime solid dispersion was the best formula because the degree of crystallinity decreased to 21.71%, and FTIR analysis showed the functional group interaction. Evaluation of cefixime solid dispersion showed changes in particle morphology. In addition, there was an increase in the transmittance percentage in SIF of 98.587 ± 0.019 and an increase in the dissolution rate of cefixime of 83.61%, an increase in the flow rate of 6.3 ± 0.14 grams/second, an angle of repose of 26.4 ± 0.4◦, a compressibility index of 16.3 ± 0.29%, and a Hausner ratio of 1.19 ± 0.35.
Cogon Grass Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Loaded with Uncaria gambir Extract and Photosensitizer for Photothermal Induced Anti-MRSA Activity: Formula Optimization and In Silico Exploration Mardiyanto; Sabrina, Tia; Alhafizh, M. Faris; Kota, Natacha Brigida; Ramadhona, Sheza Inayah; Valenia, Novella; Amrullah, M. Ammar; Zulda, Daghfal Rafataqwa; Marrisca, R.D. Nindi; Alisyahbana, Sutan Satya; Fadilah, Ade; Pratiwi, Aisyah; Fithri, Najma Annuria
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.311-322

Abstract

In recent years antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has grown to become a massive concern for the global community due to their lack of successful prevention and low recovery rates. One of methods with high efficiency in reducing AMR is photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDPT), due to their independency from chemical mechanism of antimicrobial efficacy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) is an excellent carrier for potential alternative for AMR including photosensitizers and natural based active ingredients. Herein, we explored the use of various sources as silica precursors as well as optimization based on method of fabrication and coating agent to stabilize and load the active ingredients. We additionally incorporated Uncaria gambir extract and phycocyanin to increase MSN antimicrobial effect and photosensitizing ability. Cogon grass-based MSN (CG-MSN) has yet to be explored extensively and in this research, we compared their characteristics to a more established precursors such as tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and sodium silicate. Based on the results obtained, cogon grass-based precursors produced the highest yield, with entrapment efficiency of Uncaria gambir and phycocyanin as high as 98%. Furthermore, CG-MSN produced one of the highest photothermal increase and adsorption rate comparable to that of TEOS. From in silico exploration Uncaria gambir contained Gambiriin and Roxburghin as two of the most active phytoconstituents that influenced its antimicrobial activity. Based on this research we were able to synthesize a new precursor of silica from natural based product, cogon grass, and incorporate it as carrier for phytocompounds in the management of AMR.
Co-Authors A. K. Riva A. Mahyudin A. Taufiq Aisyah Pratiwi, Aisyah Aldes Lesbani Alhafiz, Muhammad Faris Alhafizh, M. Faris Alisyahbana, Sutan Satya Amelia, Tri Amrullah, M. Ammar Annisa, Novilia Megi Arum Setiawan Baco, Syarifudddin Badri, Arini Fousty Bambang Sunardi, Bambang E. Sukirman Elfita Fadilah, Ade Fitrya . Hary Widjajanti Hellena, Rosyaida Saara Kalyana Mita, Ailing Komara, Aditya Kota, Natacha Brigida Kurniawan, Gilang Maharani, Nabila Puan Makhsun Marrisca, R.D. Nindi Martani, Ahmad Mochamad Yusuf Alsagaff N. Shabrina Najma Annuria Fithri, Najma Annuria Nilovar Asyiah Octavia, Yoanda Oktiansyah, Rian Prayoedhie, Setyoajie Rahmah, Asfaraeni Ramadhan, Hanif Ramadhona, Sheza Inayah Risfidian Mohadi S. Ahda Sabrina, Tia Satrio, Fakhri D. Shaum Shiyan Sudarno Wiharjo Syarifuddin Baco Tarmizi Taher Tri Kusmita Triwibowo, Panggih Valenia, Novella Windriyani, Eka Zaid, Ahmad Zulda, Daghfal Rafataqwa