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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Proceedings of KNASTIK Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Farmasi Klinik (Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Pharmacy) Science and Technology Indonesia Communications in Science and Technology JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Indonesia Berdaya Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat
Arif Budi Setianto
Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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In vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera, Centella asiatica, and Nigella sativa: individual and combined effects Capritasari, Rafiastiana; Setianto, Arif Budi; Akrom; Rais, Ichwan Ridwan; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30597

Abstract

Oxidative stress, a condition linked to various degenerative diseases, occurs when reactive species build up in the body. These harmful molecules often come by environmental factors like air pollution as well as by unhealthy lifestyle habits. Fortunately, nature gives a defense system: plants produce flavonoids and other phenolic substances that act as natural antioxidants, handling to neutralize reactive species and protecting the body by their damaging effects. The objective of the study was to determine the phytochemical content of extracts of M. oleifera leaf, C. asiatica leaf, and N. sativa Oil and their operation as antioxidants. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to measure flavonoid levels in the extracts. Bioactive substances were then identified through GC-MS and LC-HRMS, while antioxidant operation was assessed utilizing the DPPH method. The outcomes were drawn that Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica extracts contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, while Nigella sativa oil contained terpenoids. Among the three, LC-HRMS screening drawn that Moringa oleifera extract had the highest diversity of flavonoid substances. The outcomes of GC-MS obtained 13 components identified in Nigella sativa oil, one of that was thymoquinone. The antioxidant operation IC50 scores were as follows: 57.943 ± 3.481 µg/mL (M. oleifera), 66.578 ± 1.979 µg/mL (C. asiatica), 56.174 ± 1.604 µg/mL (N. sativa), and 51.128 ± 1.724 µg/mL (polyherbal combination). All the samples demonstrated strong antioxidant operation, and notably, the combination of extracts proved to be more effective than when each to be utilized individually.
Flavonoid synergy in antioxidant optimization: a study of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus Astuti, Febriana; Akrom; Setianto, Arif Budi; Hidayati, Titiek; Mustofa; Anwar, Muslih; Sun, Suny
Pharmaciana Vol. 15 No. 3 (2025): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v15i3.30599

Abstract

Oxidative stress, which arises by an imbalance among the formation of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses, is a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of numerous degenerative abnormalities, comprising cardiovascular abnormality. Flavonoids, that are natural chemicals by antioxidant capabilities, have been identified as potential agents for protection against the adverse impacts of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to ascertain the flavonoid substance of Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts and their antioxidant activity. The technique comprising qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests to decide the flavonoid substance of the extracts. In addition, bioactive compounds were screened utilizing LC-HRMS, and antioxidant activity was evaluated utilizing the DPPH technique. The outcomes of this study drawn the presence of flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins in the Apium graveolens and Orthosipon stamineus extracts. The Orthosipon stamineus extract was found to contain steroid compounds. The screening of flavonoids compounds utilizing LC-HRMS has drawn the presence of the greatest diversity of flavonoid compounds in the Apium graveolens extract. The antioxidant activity assay employed quercetin as the standard, possessing an IC₅₀ value of 3.95 μg/mL. Apium graveolens extract exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 58.86±0.44μg/mL, Orthosiphon stamineus extract drawn an IC₅₀ value of 61.69±0.21 μg/mL, whereas the combined extract yielded an IC₅₀ value of 46.32±0.34 μg/mL. The outcomes indicate that the extract combination shows superior free radical scavenging ability compared to the individual extracts, suggesting its potential to enhance the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds derived by herbal plants.
Formulation Optimization and In Vitro Antioxidant Evaluation of a Polyherbal Nanosuspension Incorporating Apium graveolens, Centella asiatica, and Orthosiphon stamineus Astuti, Febriana; Akrom; Mustofa; Setianto, Arif Budi; Hidayati, Titiek
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.65-83

Abstract

Antioxidants play a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herbal plants contain various bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which exhibit strong antioxidant properties to neutralize these harmful molecules. However, the bioavailability of these compounds is often limited due to their poor water solubility. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution, specifically through the development of nanosuspensions. This approach enhances the solubility of these compounds by reducing their particle size to the nanometer scale, thus improving absorption in the body. In this study, nanosuspensions were formulated using extracts from Apium graveolens, Centella asiatica, and Orthosiphon stamineus through a two-factor optimization approach with Design-Expert® version 13 software. The optimal formulation contained 25 mL of chitosan, 6 g of Tween 80, and 10 mL of sodium tripolyphosphate (Na-TPP), resulting in nanosuspensions with an average particle size of 220.00(1157) nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.59±0.06, and a zeta potential of −28.27±0.37mV. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS assays. In the DPPH assay, the nanopolyherbal formulation showed an IC50 of 41.780(3064) μgmL−1, while the combined extract had an IC50 of 44.930(2989) μgmL−1. The ABTS assay revealed an IC50 of 28.21 μgmL−1 for the nanosuspension, significantly lower than the combined extract’s 54.22 μgmL−1. These results highlight the superior antioxidant activity of the nanosuspension, emphasizing the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of bioactive compounds from herbal plants.
The Description of Knowledge and Attitude of Coffee Lovers on Diabetes Melitus At Coffee Shops In Palaran District: The Description of Knowledge and Attitude of Coffee Lovers on Diabetes Melitus At Coffee Shops In Palaran District Muhammad Ma'ruf; Arif Budi Setianto; Rindi Ibrahim Lasanudin; Sapto Yuliani
KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 9 No 2 (2023): July-December
Publisher : Universitas Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24903/kujkm.v9i2.2224

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that is often called "the silent killer." This disorder occurs in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats that are relatively deficient in insulin in the body. Previous research said that coffee could be used as a therapy for diabetes mellitus. The background for writing this article is the high prevalence of knowledge and attitude of coffee lovers and scientific evidence of coffee content as a decrease in blood glucose levels. Objectives: This study aims to describe the knowledge and attitude of coffee lovers toward diabetes mellitus in coffee shops in Palaran District. Research Metodes: This research method uses quantitative and descriptive. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to research subjects, namely coffee lovers who were in coffee shops in the Palaran District, Samarinda City, totaling 46 respondents. Results: The results showed that there were 26 coffee lovers (56.5%) who had good knowledge of diabetes mellitus and 20 people (43.5%) who had a good understanding of diabetes mellitus. Meanwhile, in the attitude of coffee lovers, there were 35 people (76.1%) who had good attitude towards diabetes mellitus and 11 people (23.9%) who had a reasonably good attitude towards diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the coffee lovers in the Palaran District coffee shop, on average, have good knowledge and attitude towards diabetes mellitus.
Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Nanoserum Kombinasi Ekstrak Wortel (Daucus carota L.) dan Astaxanthin sebagai Antioksidan Tiara Bella Pratiwi; Arif Budi Setianto; Nuri Ari Efiana; Sri Mulyaningsih
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43464

Abstract

Lipophilic antioxidants such as β-carotene and astaxanthin have strong potential to protect the skin against oxidative stress; however, their topical application is limited by low stability and insufficient skin penetration. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical characteristics, stability, and antioxidant activity of a nanoserum combining carrot extract (Daucus carota L.) and astaxanthin. Carrot extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and formulated into a nanoemulsion-based serum containing three extract concentrations: 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3), with 1% astaxanthin. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness. Stability was observed up to 6 days, while antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and FRAP assays. All formulations exhibited nanoscale particle sizes with good homogeneity (PDI <0.5) and negative zp (<-30 mV), indicating stable dispersions. Formula F2 showed the most favorable characteristics, with a particle size of 39.21 ± 0.32 nm, PDI of 0.25 ± 0.02, and zeta potential of −33.66 ± 0.27 mV, along with suitable pH and viscosity for topical application. F2 demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 9.04 ± 0.19 ppm (ABTS) and 16.78 ± 0.04 ppm (FRAP), which remained in the strong category after storage. In conclusion, the carrot extract–astaxanthin nanoserum was successfully developed, with F2 identified as the optimal formulation.
Nutritional profile and immunomodulatory potential of a polyherbal honey formulation for stunted children Akrom Akrom; Titiek Hidayati; Arif Budi Setianto; Laela Hayu Nurani; Ikhwan Dahlan Rais; Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah; Lukman Hardia; Prasasti Bintarum; Muslih Anwar
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 15, No 3: September 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v15i3.23026

Abstract

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia and has been linked to immune dysregulation, including increased pro-inflammatory TNF-α and reduced anti-inflammatory IL-4 activity. Nutrient-dense polyherbal supplementation may provide a complementary strategy to support nutritional status and immune function. This experimental study investigated the nutritional composition and immunomodulatory activity of polyherbal honey (PHH) formulated with curcuma xanthorrhiza, black cumin seeds, and honey. Vitamins, minerals, and bioactive constituents were characterized using laboratory assays. The immunomodulatory effects of PHH were subsequently evaluated in HTB-183 cells by measuring IL-4 and TNF-α expression after exposure to different formulation concentrations. The analysis confirmed the presence of vitamins A, C, and E; calcium and potassium; and several bioactive compounds in the PHH formulation. PHH exposure increased IL-4 expression and reduced TNF-α expression relative to untreated cells, although the magnitude of these responses varied across concentrations. These findings demonstrate that PHH contains nutritional and phytochemical constituents with potential immunomodulatory activity. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are required to determine its efficacy and safety as complementary nutritional support for children with stunting.
Physical Characteristics of Clove Essential Oil Microemulsions: Comparison of PIC and Spontaneous Techniques with High Energy and Low Energy Methods Nazih Basuki Nugroho; Nining Sugihartini; Arif Budi Setianto
Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 22 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/pharmacon.v22i2.13286

Abstract

Clove flower essential oil (CFEO), which is useful as an anti-inflammatory, has characteristics that make it easily oxidised and sensitive to heat, so it is formulated in the form of a microemulsion preparation. This study aims to compare the effects of the Phase Inversion Composition (PIC) technique and spontaneous emulsification on the physical characteristics of microemulsions made using high and low-energy methods. The research began with the formulation of clove flower essential oil using the PIC technique and spontaneous emulsification based on the optimal composition from previous studies. The microemulsion was prepared at a stirring speed of 3600 rpm for high-energy and 360 rpm for low-energy. The parameters analysed included globule size, polydispersity index, viscosity, and physical stability against phase separation using centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 30 minutes. The results showed that in the high-energy method, the globule size and viscosity between the two techniques were not significantly different (p > 0.05), but the polydispersity index value in the PIC technique was lower than in spontaneous emulsification (p < 0.05), indicating a more uniform droplet distribution. In the low-energy method, the PIC technique significantly produced smaller droplet size, lower polydispersity index, and higher viscosity (p < 0.05), indicating better kinetic stability. Physical stability testing showed that all formulations remained homogeneous without phase separation. Overall, the PIC technique demonstrated superiority and consistency in producing more homogeneous and stable microemulsions. The low-energy method remains an economical and efficient alternative with proper surfactant composition optimisation.
Co-Authors Abdul Fadlil Akrom, Akrom Anwar, Muslih Ari Wahyudi Capritasari, Rafiastiana Faikah Dyah Utami Febriana Astuti Hasan, Nuradnin Hasna, Elly Rosita Ichwan Ridwan Rais Iis Wahyuningsih Ikhwan Dahlan Rais Laela Hayu Nurani Lasanudin, Rindi Ibrahim Lukman Hardia Ma'ruf, Muhammad Mohamad Reski Manno Muhammad Ma'ruf Muslih Anwar Mustofa Mustofa Nazih Basuki Nugroho Nining Sugihartini Nuradnin Hasan Nuri Ari Efiana Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah Prasasti Bintarum Putri Purnamasari Putri, Meilisa Rindi Ibrahim Lasanudin Sapto Yuliani Sri Mulyaningsih Sri Mulyaningsih Sri Mulyaningsih Sun, Suny Tiara Bella Pratiwi Titiek Suhardi Haripurnomo Kushadiwijaya Hidayati Yunda Maymanah Rahmadewi