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Agung Budiwirawan
Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES) Kampus Unnes Gd E4, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Environmental Science Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Journal : Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi

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Density–Porosity Interplay in Epoxy‑Based Syntactic Foams Reinforced with K15 Glass‑Silica Microballoons Hidyus, Sofi Alifia; Budiwirawan, Agung; Musyono, Ari Dwi Nur Indriawan; Setiadi, Rizky; Bunyamin, Bunyamin
Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/sainteknol.v23i2.23886

Abstract

Syntactic foam is a lightweight, high‑strength composite consisting of a polymer matrix filled with hollow microspheres (microballoons). This study examines how the volume fraction of glass‑clad silica microballoons K15 (10–50 vol %) affects the density, porosity, and void distribution of epoxy‑bonded syntactic foams. Specimens were molded in accordance with ASTM D790, conditioned for 48 h (23 ± 2 °C; 50  ±  5 % RH), and their density was measured by the pycnometric method specified in ASTM D792. Porosity was calculated theoretically and validated by SEM–EDS imaging of fracture cross‑sections. Results show a linear decrease in density from 1.15 g cm⁻³ (0 vol %) to 0.63 g cm⁻³ (50 vol %), while porosity rises exponentially from 2.7 % to 18.4 %. Morphological analysis confirms a homogeneous microballoon dispersion up to 30 vol %, but agglomeration and interbinder voids appear above 40 vol %, leading to uncontrolled porosity. A strong negative correlation (R² = 0.96) is observed between density and effective porosity. A 30 vol % K15 loading is identified as the optimum, achieving a 28 % density reduction without a significant porosity spike. These findings provide a basis for designing sandwich cores and amphibious flotation structures that require high strength‑to‑weight ratios.
Co-Authors Aditya, Yoga Agung Sutarto Alfa Narendra Arie Taveriyanto, Arie Aulia Putri Bambang Haryadi Bambang Riyanto Bunyamin Bunyamin Diyanasari, Ledi Eko Nugroho Endah Kanti Pengestuti Fikri, Akmal Hery Widijanto Hidyus, Sofi Alifia Muhammad Faizal Ardhiansyah Arifin, Muhammad Faizal Ardhiansyah Muhammad Nur Mustafid Mustafid Musyono, Ari Dwi Nur Indriawan Nugroho, Anan Raharja, Edwin Firgyan Saratri Wilonoyudho Simanjuntak, Jhonatur Stheven Subagja, Mona Syahroni Hidayat Wahyudi, Tri Agus Yuvita, Rizky Lucky