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All Journal MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Buletin Peternakan Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science) Aceh Journal of Animal Science Tropical Animal Science Journal Buletin Ilmu Makanan Ternak Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis (JNT) Jurnal Pusat Inovasi Masyarakat AGRIEKSTENSIA Aceh Journal of Animal Science Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Despal Despal
Department Of Animal Nutrition And Feed Technology, Faculty Of Animal Science, IPB University, Jl. Agatis, Babakan, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java 16680, Indonesia.
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Energy Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Physics Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Correlation and determination of the Metabolizable Energy (ME) of tropical forage with nutrient content for ruminants Andi Sukma Indah; Idat Galih Permana; Despal Despal
Aceh Journal of Animal Science Vol 8, No 2 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/ajas.8.2.30543

Abstract

The metabolizable energy (ME) of tropical forages measured by in vivo method in ruminants had a high degree of accuracy but requires a long time and is expensive. One method that can be done is the ME estimation model. The objectives of the present study were carried out to investigate the relationship between tropical forage nutrient content and ME for ruminants as well as determine and validate a model for estimating ME of tropical forage based on nutrient content. A total of 26 forage samples consisting of 14 types of grass and 12 legumes were obtained after data pre-processing or data cleaning and data normalization. Forage samples will be grouped into 3, Grass + Legume (G+L=26), grass (R=14), and legume (L=12). The database used is Crude Protein (CP), Extract Ether (EE), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose as well as ME with in vivo experiments. The initial stage is preprocessing data. Nutrient content and ME were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and followed by multiple linear regression to determine the ME estimation model. However, validated used the mean absolute deviation (MAD), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results showed that there was a significant and highly significantly correlated between nutrient composition and ME in the Grass + Legume, Grass, and Legume groups so it could be used to determine ME. There are 9 regression equations with significance and have high R2 and after being validated with the lowest MAD, RMSE, and MAPE values, three regression equations are obtained with one each for each group Grass + Legume (G+L), Grass (R), and Legumes (L). It is concluded that the regression equation of ME of tropical forage is MER+L = 12.429 – 0.122 ADF for Grass + Legume, EMR = 15.609 – 0.115 NDF for Grass, and EML = 3.726 – 0.186 CP for Legume.
Pengaruh Usia Potong dan Dosis Pupuk Urea Terhadap Kandungan Nutrien dan Kecernaan Sorgum Varietas Samurai 1 Sebagai Pakan Ruminansia Anwar Efendi Harahap; Luki Abdullah; Panca Dewi Manuhara Karti; Despal
Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): JNT Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis Maret
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jnt.2024.007.01.1

Abstract

Kesulitan penyediaan pakan hijauan pada pengembangan peternakan ruminansia dapat diatasi dengan penggunaan sorgum  karena  mampu menghemat biaya pakan akibat pemanenan yang dilakukan berkali kali pada satu periode penanaman. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi nilai nutrien dan kecernaan sorgum samurai akibat waktu panen dan pupuk urea yang berbeda pada panen pertama. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu RAL Pola Faktorial (3x3) dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan usia potong 80, 85 dan 90 hari setelah tanam (HST) dan faktor kedua adalah perlakuan dosis pupuk urea terdiri dari 200, 300 dan 400 kg ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat interaksi (p<0.05) pada perlakuan protein kasar dan NDF, bahan kering dipengaruhi (p<0.05) usia potong serta ADF (p<0.05) dipengaruhi dosis pupuk urea. WSC dan GE tidak dipengaruhi (p>0.05) usia potong, dosis pupuk dan interaksinya. Selanjutnya KcBK dan KcBO juga tidak dipengaruhi (p>0.05) usia potong dan pemberian pupuk  Waktu panen sorgum samurai 1 usia potong 80 HST dan dosis pupuk urea 200 kg ha-1 menjadi pilihan peternak karena mampu menghasilkan pakan kaya nutrisi sebagai bahan baku pakan ternak ruminansia.
Correlation and determination of the Metabolizable Energy (ME) of tropical forage with nutrient content for ruminants Indah, Andi Sukma; Permana, Idat Galih; Despal, Despal
Aceh Journal of Animal Science Vol 8, No 2 (2023): June 2023
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/ajas.8.2.30543

Abstract

The metabolizable energy (ME) of tropical forages measured by in vivo method in ruminants had a high degree of accuracy but requires a long time and is expensive. One method that can be done is the ME estimation model. The objectives of the present study were carried out to investigate the relationship between tropical forage nutrient content and ME for ruminants as well as determine and validate a model for estimating ME of tropical forage based on nutrient content. A total of 26 forage samples consisting of 14 types of grass and 12 legumes were obtained after data pre-processing or data cleaning and data normalization. Forage samples will be grouped into 3, Grass + Legume (G+L=26), grass (R=14), and legume (L=12). The database used is Crude Protein (CP), Extract Ether (EE), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose as well as ME with in vivo experiments. The initial stage is preprocessing data. Nutrient content and ME were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and followed by multiple linear regression to determine the ME estimation model. However, validated used the mean absolute deviation (MAD), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results showed that there was a significant and highly significantly correlated between nutrient composition and ME in the Grass + Legume, Grass, and Legume groups so it could be used to determine ME. There are 9 regression equations with significance and have high R2and after being validated with the lowest MAD, RMSE, and MAPE values, three regression equations are obtained with one each for each group Grass + Legume (G+L), Grass (R), and Legumes (L). It is concluded that the regression equation of ME of tropical forage is MER+L= 12.429 0.122 ADF for Grass + Legume, EMR= 15.609 0.115 NDF for Grass, and EML= 3.726 0.186 CP for Legume.
Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation, Fermentation, and Digestibility of Ration Containing Napier and King Grass with Different Harvest Ages and Altitudes: In Vitro Study Anzhany, D.; Toharmat, T.; Despal; Łozicki , A.
Tropical Animal Science Journal Vol. 47 No. 1 (2024): Tropical Animal Science Journal
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/tasj.2024.47.1.68

Abstract

Forage is the primary and cheapest source of fatty acids (FA), which includes conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), influencing milk FA. This study aimed to analyze the fermentation, digestibility, biohydrogenation, nutrient composition, and FA content of napier grass (NG) and king grass (KG). Grasses were collected from the Pangalengan (highland) and Dramaga (lowland) districts at three harvest ages (1, 1.5, and 2 months). The feed was then analyzed for nutrients and FA. An in vitro study was performed to analyze the concentrations of NH3, VFA, protozoa populations, and biohydrogenation. No significant differences were observed in protozoa, pH, total VFA, or FA biohydrogenation. NH3 ranged from 5.31 mM to 8.86 mM. Significant differences were found at different altitudes, with an interaction between grass type and harvest age and an interaction between the three factors. The highest NH3 concentration was found in rations containing highland NG at 1.5 months. The DMD value was 58.27%–64.39%, and OMD was 61.07%–67.18%. Different digestibility values were observed at different harvest ages, with an interaction between altitude and harvest age. This aligned with the CF, NDF, and lignin contents in grasses. The highest was at 1.5 months NG. Significant differences were observed in the relative proportions of propionic acids. The highest value was in the ration containing the 1.5-month highland NG. Rations containing KG yielded significantly higher amounts of the C18:0 and C18:1 trans. In conclusion, the 1.5-month highland NG is a potential ration for supporting healthier FA production in milk.
Karakteristik Agronomis Sorgum Varietas Samurai 2 pada Sistem Ratun sebagai Bahan Baku Pakan Ruminansia Anwar Efendi Harahap; Luki Abdullah; Panca Dewi Manuhara Karti; Despal Despal
Agriekstensia : Jurnal Penelitian Terapan Bidang Pertanian Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024): AGRIEKSTENSIA: Jurnal Penelitian Terapan Bidang Pertanian
Publisher : Politeknik Pembangunan Pertanian Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34145/agriekstensia.v23i1.3100

Abstract

Sorgum merupakan tanaman pakan dengan kemampuan adaptasi pada lingkungan yang memiliki suhu tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai karakteristik agronomis sorgum varietas Samurai 2 akibat perlakuan usia potong dan dosis pupuk urea yang berbeda pada setiap ratun. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (3 x 3) dengan 4 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah umur panen 80, 90, dan 95 hari, dan faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk urea 200, 300, dan 400 kg ha-1. Hasil karateristik agronomis menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan primer pada sorgum varietas Samurai 2 menunjukkan bahwa usia potong berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah anakan dan terdapat interkasi antara usia potong dan dosis pupuk urea terhadap jumlah daun. Pada ratun 1 menujukkan bahwa lebar daun dan jumlah daun dipengaruhi usia potong. Selanjutnya ratun I memperlihatkan terjadi perbedaan (P<0,05) pada panjang daun, lebar daun, jumlah daun dan jumlah anakan akibat usia potong. Secara umum bahwa perlakuan usia potong berpengaruh terhadap kondisi agronomis sorgum varietas Samurai 2 pada setiap ratun. Penelitian ini berimplikasi pada penyediaan pakan ruminansia yang berkualitas dan berkelanjutan.
The feeding behavior of dairy cattle under tropical heat stress conditions at smallholder urban farming Despal Despal; Claudia Faresty; Rika Zahera; Toto Toharmat
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230753

Abstract

Abstract. Despal, Faresty C, Zahera R, Toharmat R. 2022. Title The feeding behavior of dairy cattle under tropical heat stress conditions at smallholder urban farming. Biodiversitas 23: 3771-3777. Dairy cattle (Bos taurus) feeding behavior influences feed intake and affect animal welfare and disease management. This study observed dairy cattle feeding behaviors under tropical smallholder urban farming environments. Thirty-six cattle at the Kebon Pedes area of Bogor City were observed during 12 h feeding (6 am-6 pm). These traits included eating, ruminating, resting duration, and frequencies, measured using a continuous method. Temperature, humidity, temperature-humidity index (THI), feed and nutrient intake, milk production, and components were measured. The results showed that the cattle were in mild to severe heat stress. The average cow daily eating, ruminating, and resting frequencies were 6.61, 7.61, and 22.33 times, while the average eating, ruminating, and resting durations per cow per 12 h were 129.64, 105.67, and 484.69 minutes, respectively. The dry matter intake was 11.17 kg with a roughage to concentrate ratio of 0.73:1. The protein, ash, ether extract, and crude fiber intake were 10.25, 6.62, 3.67, and 22.08% DM, respectively. The average milk productions and fat contents were 11.01 L/head/d and 5.44%. The results showed that eating and ruminating levels correlated positively with feed, and CF intakes while resting correlated negatively. It was concluded that the cattle were in heat-stressed (THI of &gt;78) condition, reduced DM intake, and deficient in energy and CP, which led to lower milk production but higher milk components, specifically milk fat. It is recommended to improve forage quality that promotes eating and ruminating and reduces resting durations, improving milk production.
Impact of protein source from legume forages on lipid regulation and growth on native ram lambs reared extensively in the south coast of West Java, Indonesia UJANG HIDAYAT TANUWIRIA; ANDI MUSHAWWIR; MARDIATI ZAIN; DESPAL DESPAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240763

Abstract

Abstract. Tanuwiria UH, Mushawwir A, Zain M, Despal D. 2023. Impact of protein source from legume forages on lipid regulation and growth on native ram lambs reared extensively in the south coast of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4183-4192. This investigation was carried out in three different locations to examine the impact of legume forage as a protein source on lipid regulation and growth. This study used 120 rams, consisting of 40 rams in each location (Garut, Cianjur, Sukabumi) spread along the South Coast of West Java. Physical environmental conditions were recorded during the study. Ram lambs at each location were divided into four groups; one group only received a basal diet (Setaria/Setaria sphacelata), and the other three groups were each given additional legumes (calliandra/Calliandra calothyrsus, lamtoro/Leucaena leucocephala, and moringa/Moringa oleifera). Blood samples were collected every two weeks during the 16 weeks experiment. The blood sampling was handled based on standard procedures to prevent sample damage, and the body weight was measured every two weeks. Sample analysis related to lipid regulation and creatine kinase activity was measured using spectrophotometric techniques according to the instructions of the Kit Randox protocol and analysis of blood plasma fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. The research results show that legumes as a protein source can regulate through molecular signaling to decrease lipid levels, saturated fatty acids, and lipid transport in the extracellular fluid, but increase unsaturated fatty acid and the growth rate of ram lambs. Based on the results of the current study, it can be a strong basis for the development of nutrigenomic aspects of protein for small ruminants, accompanied by studies of the ages of different ruminant samples.
NIRS-based prediction of mineral content and DCAD status for sustainable livestock nutrition ROKHMATUN ISNAINI; DESPAL DESPAL; IDAT GALIH PERMANA; RIKA ZAHERA; ANNISA ROSMALIA; MUHAMMAD NAUFAL FARRAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260720

Abstract

Abstract. Isnaini R, Despal, Permana IG, Zahera R, Rosmalia A, Farras MN. 2025. NIRS-based prediction of mineral content and DCAD status for sustainable livestock nutrition. Biodiversitas 26: 3281-3293. The Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD)—the balance between positively and negatively charged minerals (e.g., Na?, K? vs. Cl?, S²?)—is a key factor in maintaining acid-base balance, calcium homeostasis, and metabolic health in dairy cows (Bos taurus (Linnaeus, 1758)). However, DCAD data for individual feedstuffs, especially those used in tropical regions like Indonesia, are largely unavailable, limiting formulation accuracy. This study analyzed the mineral content (Ca, Na, K, Mg, P, S, Cl) of 289 Indonesian feed samples, all feed samples in each category were derived from one species only (66 grasses, 114 legumes, 47 roughages, and 62 concentrates) using wet chemistry, and calculated their DCAD values. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to develop predictive models as a rapid, non-destructive, cost-effective, and multi-parameter alternative to laboratory analysis. DCAD values varied widely: most grasses, roughages, and concentrates were negative, while legumes tended to be positive. This variation is nutritionally relevant, as negative DCAD diets are beneficial during the prepartum phase to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia in transition cows. NIRS models showed strong performance (R²&gt;0.8; RPD&gt;1.4), with successful external validation (SEP/SEL&lt;2, except in concentrates). The resulting DCAD database and NIRS models can be integrated into mobile apps or formulation tools to support precision feeding strategies, particularly for managing transition cow health in tropical dairy systems.
Co-Authors A K Agustina A K Agustina A. Rosmalia Afsitin Joan Tatra Agustin Herliatika Ahmad Darobin Lubis ANDI MUSHAWWIR Andi Sukma Indah Anwar Efendi Harahap Anwar Efendi Harahap Anzhany, D. Atikah Nur Hamidah Atikah Nur Hamidah Atikah Nur Hamidah Budy Wiryawan Claudia Faresty Dewi Ayu Lestari Dwierra Evvyernie Ella Rosita Epi Taufik Fensa Eka Widjaya Heru Dwi Nugroho I G Permana I G Permana I. Agustiyani I. G. Permana I. M. Afnan Idat Galih Permana Khalil Khalil L. A. Sari L. Abdullah Luki Abdullah M. Zain Mardiati Zain Mohamad Sahid Rahman Muhajirin Muhajirin MUHAMMAD NAUFAL FARRAS Norma Nuraina Norma Nuraina Norma Nuraina Panca Dewi Manu Hara Karti Putri Hidayah R. Chandra Rika Zahera, Rika Riska Novitasari ROKHMATUN ISNAINI Rosmalia, Annisa Rudi Priyanto Rudy Priyanto S N Safarina S Suryahadi SRI RAHAYU T. Toharmat TOGAR NAIBAHO Toto Toharmat U. H. Tanuwiria UJANG HIDAYAT TANUWIRIA Y. I. Yulianti Yuli Retnani Łozicki , A.