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Strategic Responses to Myanmar’s Political Crisis: A Comparative Analysis of India and China’s Approaches Jatmika, Muhammad Indrawan
Nation State: Journal of International Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Social Science, Department of International Relations, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24076/nsjis.v8i1.2020

Abstract

On February 1, 2021, Myanmar's military staged a coup, abruptly halting the country's political transition and triggering widespread violence, humanitarian distress, and regional instability. This article examines how India and China, with distinct political systems, foreign policy and strategic interests have responded to the crisis and shaped regional engagement in post-coup Myanmar. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study utilizes official government statements, news reports, and scholarly publications. The findings indicate that China has maintained close ties with the junta to secure its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments, while also engaging with ethnic armed groups to ensure border stability and protect its economic assets. India, by contrast, follows a “dual-track” strategy—publicly supporting democratic norms but also maintaining relations with the military regime to safeguard its security and strategic interests. However, India's limited support for pro-democracy forces and restrictive refugee policies have weakened its regional credibility, while China’s pragmatic diplomacy allows it to preserve its influence and project strategic dominance in Myanmar. This comparative analysis highlights shifting China and India power dynamics in Southeast Asia and suggests that a more flexible and inclusive policy from both actors is crucial for contributing to Myanmar’s long-term stability and advancing their regional interests.
ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY OF SENDING THE GARUDA CONTINGENT TO LEBANON IN THE UNIFIL UN MISSION FOR THE 2021-2024 PERIOD Shanika, Kurnia Rafif; Jatmika, Muhammad Indrawan
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Malikussaleh (JSPM) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : FISIP Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jspm.v6i2.21503

Abstract

Every country has its own foreign policy. Foreign policy is used by a country to behave respond to conflicts that occur in the international world, according to its interests. Indonesia as a country is no different. The policy provided can be in the form of foreign aid support or just a neutral, pro or contra attitude. Indonesia has always played an active role in responding to international phenomena and their escalation. One of the international conflicts that Indonesia has actively contributed to is the conflict in Lebanon involving the militant group Hezbollah and Israel. The conflict in Lebanon has been going on for a long time, but recently the conflict has escalated again. Indonesia, as a country that strongly opposes war and colonization, was certainly moved to see this. Indonesia decided to help by continuing to send Garuda Contingent security forces assistance, in the UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon) mission under the auspices of the UN (United Nations). Behind Indonesia’s foreign policy in continuing to send security force assistance, there must be many considerations. There are projections of values, norms, and identities that want to be maintained. In addition, maintaining this policy does not rule out of the possibility of opening up other opportunities that are beneficial to Indonesia.
DOMESTIC FACTORS DRIVING THE US TRAVEL BAN POLICY CHANGE FROM TRUMP TO BIDEN Arifin, Dini Nandya; Jatmika, Muhammad Indrawan
Jurnal Pena Wimaya Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pena Wimaya
Publisher : Pena Wimaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/jpw.v5i2.15032

Abstract

Kebijakan Travel Ban yang dikeluarkan oleh Presiden Donald Trump pada tahun 2017 mengubah peraturan keimigrasian Amerika Serikat dengan melarang imigran dan pengunjung dari tujuh negara mayoritas Muslim, yaitu Iran, Irak, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Suriah, dan Yaman, untuk memasuki Amerika Serikat. Kebijakan ini menghadapi pertentangan, protes, dan tantangan hukum yang meluas, karena dianggap sebagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan merugikan ekonomi. Studi ini menganalisis faktor-faktor domestik yang memengaruhi perubahan kebijakan Travel Ban Amerika Serikat dari pemerintahan Trump ke pemerintahan Biden. Dengan mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor domestik yang memengaruhi perubahan kebijakan Travel Ban dan memanfaatkan konsep Windows of Opportunity, penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana faktor-faktor domestik memberikan tekanan pada pemerintah, sehingga menciptakan peluang bagi para pengambil keputusan untuk mengubah kebijakan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa birokrasi, opini publik, media, kelompok kepentingan, dan partai politik memainkan peran signifikan dalam menekan pemerintah untuk mengubah kebijakan tersebut. Pada akhirnya, Presiden Joe Biden memanfaatkan peluang yang tercipta oleh tekanan domestik untuk mencabut Larangan Perjalanan dan memulihkan citra Amerika Serikat sebagai negara yang menjunjung tinggi non-diskriminasi dan hak asasi manusia. Kata Kunci: Larangan Perjalanan, Amerika Serikat, Faktor Domestik, Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri
UPAYA PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM MELINDUNGI PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA DI ARAB SAUDI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 (2020-2021) Diwananda Islamy, Kayana Violetta; Jatmika, Muhammad Indrawan
Indonesian Journal of International Relations Vol 8 No 1 (2024): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Publisher : Indonesian Association for International Relations

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32787/ijir.v8i1.515

Abstract

This research aims to explain the efforts made by the Indonesian Government to protect Indonesian Migrant Workers (IMW) in Saudi Arabia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative to describe the phenomenon that occurs specifically and systematically. This research uses the National Interest and Securitization theory approach as the theoretical basis. The results show that the Indonesian government has made efforts to protect IMW in Saudi Arabia during the Covid-19 pc with three securitization steps, namely securitizing move, existential threat & referent object, and extraordinary measures. The Indonesian government as a securitization actor is carrying out a securitizing move, the Covid-19 virus is an existential threat, IMW in Saudi Arabia is the referent object, and the protection assistance efforts from the Indonesian government are extraordinary measures
Empowering Elderly Women through Education: Optimizing Traditional Leather Puppet Shows and Hadrah as a Creative Learning Medium Jatmika, Sidik; Marlinda, Ajeng Puspa; Alfi, Muhammad; Jatmika, Muhammad Indrawan
Journal of Social and Community Development Vol. 2 No. 03 (2025): Forthcoming Issue - Journal of Social and Community Development
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56741/jscd.v2i03.1260

Abstract

This paper explores the innovative educational efforts undertaken by ‘Aisyiyah, the women’s wing of Muhammadiyah, to empower elderly women through special educational programs. ‘Aisiyah use traditional leather puppet shows (Wayang Kulit) and Hadrah Music as an innovative and culturally relevant medium to educate elderly women. By integrating local wisdom and interactive performance art, the project aims to enhance lifelong learning, health awareness, and social inclusion among older women. The findings affirm that education, even later in life, can be a powerful tool for dignity, empowerment, and intergenerational solidarity. The optimization of Wayang Kulit and Hadrah in this context not only preserves intangible cultural heritage but also serves as a powerful tool for participatory education, promoting active aging and community engagement.
Examining the Change in Foreign Policy Paradigm and the Impact of Political Parties in the United States: A Case Study of the Brittney Griner and Viktor Bout Prisoner Exchange Ofel Abiwada Abimanyu; Jatmika, Muhammad Indrawan
Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik
Publisher : Talenta Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/politeia.v16i2.14477

Abstract

The decision by the United States to exchange Viktor Bout, a notorious arms smuggler and former international fugitive, for Brittney Griner, a prominent female basketball player, has generated considerable controversy and debate. A key point of contention centers on the stark divergence of this policy from the transactional approach adopted during the previous Donald Trump administration. Concurrently, some factions contend that the exchange of Brittney Griner for Viktor Bout reflects a political agenda championed by the Democratic Party, thereby fostering the perception that liberal interests receive preferential treatment within the Joe Biden administration's cabinet. This research aims to examine the change in foreign policy paradigm in the United States and the impact of political parties in the context of the prisoner exchange between Brittney Griner and Viktor Bout. The exchange has garnered public attention as it raises questions about the shift in the United States' foreign policy approach and the influence of political parties in the decision-making process. This study adopts a qualitative approach by analyzing relevant sources such as academic literature, news reports, and official government statements. The findings reveal a paradigm shift in the United States' foreign policy during the Joe Biden administration. The transactional approach adopted by former President Donald Trump has been replaced by a values-based orientation and the nation's obligation to protect its citizens wherever they may be. The prisoner exchange between Griner, an American athlete, and Bout, a Russian detainee, serves as evidence of this change.
The BOOMERANG MECHANISM IN HUMAN RIGHTS ADVOCACY: BALOCH LONG MARCH AGAINST CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC Br Karo, Ameta Novelia; Jatmika, Muhammad Indrawan
Jurnal Pena Wimaya Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Pena Wimaya
Publisher : Pena Wimaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Transnational advocacy networks (TANs) and the “boomerang” pattern of influence can bypass domestic repression and internationalise local human rights struggles, as shown by the 2023–2024 Baloch Long March. Pakistani activists led by the women's organisation Baloch Yakjehti Committee (BYC) marched from Gwadar to Islamabad to demand justice for enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings in Balochistan, facing censorship, arbitrary arrests, and state violence. When local channels were blocked, movement leaders allied with international NGOs (Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch) and global media to present their plight to the UN and international public. This strategy led to UN expert statements in early 2025 and international media coverage, increasing pressure on Pakistan's government. This study examines how the Long March employed external pressure to highlight human rights violations associated with the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, utilizing Keck and Sikkink's “boomerang” framework and other norm-based theories. Despite Pakistani authorities' repressive measures (information blackouts, protest bans), the international outcry raised the cost of rights abuses and internationalised the Baloch cause. This paper demonstrates how marginalized activists utilized global media and networks to advocate for domestic rights.