Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

SIFAT-SIFAT KOPAL MANILA DARI PEKALONGAN TIMUR DAN BANYUMAS BARAT Yacob Ando; Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 6 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.6.353-356

Manila copal is a natural rosin obtained by tapping Agathis trees. The resin is generally collected every other two weeks. In trade copal is known of three kinds namely: Caurry, Congo, and Manila Copal. Indonesian copal includes manila copal; is divided into four groups, among others: bua, loba, melengket, and pontianak copal.The moisture content of manila copal from East Pekalongan and West Banyumas was 1.74% and 1.85%; the colour, based on the LPHH standard ranked 3 and 2; impurities 2.47% and 2.49%; softening point 81°C and 92°C.; ash content 0.04% and 0.08%; acid number 118.93 and 139.71; saponification number 337.67 and 392.98; and iod number 36.5 and 42.98, repectively.Manila copal from East Pekalongan and West Banyumas appeared to have good quality and belongs to the first qualify based on the Indonesian Standard. Manila copal from West Banyumas has a higher resin acid content then that from East Pekalongan.

KUANTIFIKASI BEBERAPA PARAMETER KUALITAS GAHARU Bambang Wiyono; Neni Sumarliani; Umi Kulsum; Evi Kusmiyati
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 3 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.3.137-146

The draft of Indonesia National Standard for garro wood quality has a limitation where parameters used to determine the quality are still qualitative. This has caused a difficulty in assessing the quality of garro wood with different assessor. One effort to reduce this weakness is to quantify some parameters in this draft. In accordance with this, the objective of this research is to improve the draft of Indonesian National Standard for garro wood quality, so the assessment could be carried out quantitatively. The results indicated that fragrant dammar content could be quantified with resin content; weight could be quantified with specific gravity and color could be measured with chroma meter. Further analysis on the parameters showed that there were positive correlation between the quality and these examined parameters, where the increase in the garro wood quality correlated with the increase in the resin content, specific gravity and color value. This proposed draft which seems to have improvement in assessing the quality of garro wood objectively can therefore be suggested for its implementation in reducing human subjectivity.

PENGARUH PERLAKUAN PENDAHULUAN BIJI KEMIRI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT MINYAKNYA (Pretreatment effects of candle nut seedoil on oil yiled and its properties) Bambang Wiyono; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 5 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.5.174-178

The purpose of this research is to study the pretreatment effects of candle nut seed oil on oil yield and its properties. Pretreatments consisted of dry-frying steaming and unpretreatment. The dry-frying was carried out at 100°C for 15 minutes, and steaming was carried out for 30 minutes at the same temperature. Each pretreatment was pressed at 110 kg/cm2 and the difference between means were tested with the LSD procedure.The results showed that pretreatment gave a highly significant effect on oil yield, specific gravity, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter. It also provided a significant effect on acid number and acid content caloulated as oleic acid. The dry-frying produced the highest of oil yield, a higher specific gravity, and a lower acid number, acid content and unsaponifiable matter based on the oil yield, specific gravity and acid number, the dry-frying method is the best pretreatment compared to the others.

ANALISIS KOMPONEN KIMIA MINYAK KAYU CENDANA DENGAN KROMATOGRAFI GAS Abdul Hakim Lukman; Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 7 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.7.437-441

The purpose of this research is to identify chemical components of sandalwood oil by using the gas chromatography method. This sandalwood oil was obtained by steam and water distillation for 18, 24, and 30 hours distilling times. The condition of the gas chromatography employed was adjusted to : injector temperature 200° C. detector temperature 0° C, initial column temperature 140° C, final temperature column 200° C, speed temperature column 5° C/min, with nitrogen gas as carrier, and the using the flame ionization detector system. The identification of the peak components was done by comparing the relative retention time of the peak component with the peak retention time chemical solution standard. The peak area of each components was calculated by normalization method.The results indicated that chemical components of sandalwood oil, which was produced by the steam and water distillation for 18, 24, and 30 hours, include 0.0391, 0.0271, and 0.0313 % of α-pinene; 0.0065, 0.0034, and 0.0027 % of limonene; 0.9147, 0.7799, and 1.0393 % of α-santalene; 2.4375,1.9802, and 2.3474 % of terpineol 4; 1.2184, 0.7922, and 0. 7921 % of β-santalene; 5. 7263, 3.8800, and 3.9335 % of nerolidol; 48.0481, 51.1802. and 50.3507 % of β-santalol; 22.4367, 24.7127, and 24,2864 % of (arnesol, Unidentified component in each distilling time were 19.1727,15.6443, and 17.2166 %. respectively. The β -santalol component occupies the mayor component of sandalwood oil. The amount of this component at each treating condition was 48.0481 % for 18 hours; 51.1802 % for 24 hours; and 50.3507 % for 30 hours. Terpineol-4, nerolidol, β-santalol. and farnesol components constitute the sandalwood oil and is usually calculated as the total santalol.

PENGOLAHAN LEMAK TENGKAWANG DENGAN CARA PENGEMPAAN HIDRAULIK Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 6 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.6.215-221

Observations in this research were conducted in the IIIipe fat industry and in the laboratory. The observation in the fat industry was to get a clear discription of the fat processing of IIIipe nut, whilts in the laboratory was to study the extraction process of IIIipe fat with a hydraulic pressing technique. The pressure were conducted at several pressing levels: 25, 50, and 75 kg/cm2, at a pressing temperature of 50-60 oC for 20 minutes respectively.To produce IIIipe fats, the industry applies a combination technique of hydraulic pressure and hexane extraction. The yield of fat with this combination technique is around 40-50 %. However, the results of experiment in the laboratory showed that at an 50 kg/cm2 pressure produced yield of fat with a high quality indicated by the highest value of iodine number.

PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT DAN KUALITAS DAMAR TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA DAMAR YANG DIMURNIKAN Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.2.103-115

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pelarut dan kualitas damar terhadap rendemen dan sifat fisiko-kimia damar yang dimurnikan, sedangkan sasarannya adalah untuk mencari pelarut organik yang dapat digunakan untuk memurnikan damar mata kucing dengan tetap memperhatikan kualitas damar yang dihasilkan.Berbagai kualitas damar mata kucing dimurnikan dengan menggunakan pelarut organik, kemudian dianalisis sifat fisiko-kimianya. Pengaruh jenis pelarut dan kualitas damar terhadap rendemen dan sifat fisiko-kimia damar yang dimurnikan dianalisis dengan rancangan faktorial A X B dengan 2 kali ulangan. Faktor perlakuan A merupakan jenis pelarut yang terdiri dari benzena, toluena dan tanpa perlakuan, sedangkan faktor B adalah kualitas damar mata kucing yang terdiri dari kualitas A, B, C, D dan kualitas E. Perbedaan nilai rataan antar perlakuan dianalisis dengan metode Duncan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pelarut organik dan kualitas damar mata kucing berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap bilangan asant, bilangan iod, kadar abu dan kadar bahan tak larut dalam toluena, dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap bilangan penyabunan damar yang telah dimurnikan. Pemurnian damar mata kucing dengan menggunakan pelarut benzena menghasilkan sifat fisiko-kimia yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pelarut toluena. Berdasarkan persyaratan bilangan asam dan kadar bahan tak larut dalam toluena menurut SNI, pemurnian damar dengan pelarut organik mampu menaikkan kualitasnya. Kualitas damar mata kucing dari kualitas E menjadi damar kualitas D, sedangkan damar kualitas C dan B meningkat kualitasnya menjadi damar kualitas A. Pemurnian damar dengan pelarut organik dapat meningkatkan kualitasnya dan damar dapat dibentuk sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang memudahkan dalam pengiriman ke luar negeri.

PENGARUH TANIN-FORMALDEHIDA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN KETAHANAN TARIK PAPAN SERAT YANG DIBUAT DENGAN PROSES BASAH Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 5, No 5 (1988): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1988.5.5.275-278

Condensed-tannin from bark of Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese, can react with formaldehyde in alkali or acid condition to form tannin-formaldehyde. The reaction product is assumed to be an excellent sizing material for fiberboard manufactures. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of tannin-formaldehyde sizing on moisture content, density, thickness, water absorption, thickness swelling, and tensile strength parallel to surface of fiber board properties. The amount of tannin-formaldehyde added to pulp consisting of 0,3,6, 9 and 1.2 percent based on oven dry pulp. Results indicate that the addition of tannin-formaldehyde during the fiberboard making process has a highly significant effect on reducing water absorption and thickness swelling. Similarly, the tensile strength parallel to surface of fiberboard was significantly improved by adding tannin-formaldehyde. Overall improvement of fiberboard properties could be achieved by adding 12 percent of the sizing agent to the stock.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS KEMENYAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ORGANIK Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 8 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.8.300-306

This experiment is intended to improve the quality of the several types of benzoin by using an aceton solvent. The benzoin consisted of four samples with decreasing order of quality: "mata kasar", "mata halus", "jurur" and "abu". All of these samples were obtained from Tarutung North Sumatera. A general linear models procedure in the SAS computer package was employed to analyze the effect of the acetone solvent extraction and benzoin quality on physico chemical properties of benzoin.Results showed that the acetone solvent extraction. type of benzoin and the interaction of both gave a highly significant effect on moisture contens. Softening points, number of saponifications, solubility in ethanol. ash contents. benzoin acid, calculated as cinnamic acids; except the effect of interaction on softening points. Furthermore, the LSD analysis between means indicated that there were significant differences on physico - chemical properties among the type of benzoin, exclude the means value of solubility in alcohol between "mata kasar" and "mata halus". and between "jurur" and "abu". There was also no significant difference on an ash content means value between "mata kasar" and "mata halus". This aceton solvent extraction increased tire quality of "mata kasar" and "mata halus" benzoin to meet the first and tire second quality requirement of the Indonesian National Standard. respectively. However, the softening point of jurur benzoin did not meet second quality requirement of this standard. Overall, the aceton solvent extraction can improve the quality of benzoin as indicated by an increase in benzoin value, calculated as cinnamic acids, and a decrease in dirt content value.

ANATOMI KAYU GAHARU (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.) DAN BEBERAPA JENIS SEKERABAT Y I Mandang; Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 2 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.2.107-126

Anatomical characteristics of five "gaharu " wood species, Aquilaria malaccensis. Aetoxyl sympetalum. Gonystylus bancanus, Gonystylus macrophyllus, and Gyrinops versteeghii were described and compared, to find out how to identify and differentiate gaharu wood by their taxa. The knowledge of the difference between Aquilaria malaccensis, which has been listed in Appendix II CITES. from other gaharu wood that have not been listed, would be advantages in supporting the conservation of A. malaccensis as well as in promoting the utilization of the other gaharu wood species.The result of study indicated that all gaharu wood examined have several same features: 1) fibers with distinctly bordered pit at radial face and tend to be arranged in two series: 2) intervessel pit small, .4-7 microns: 3) rays of commonly uniseriate. Both Aquilaria malaccensis and Gyrinops versteeghii have included phloem, while the other three gaharu wood species do not contain included phloem. Aquilaria malaccensis that has been listed in Appendix II CITES could be differentiated from Gyrinops versteeghii based on vessel characteristics. aquilaria malaccensis has medium vessel diameter, 100-200 microns, frequency less than 10 vessels per sq. mm. and radial multiples of 2-4 cells. Gyrinops versteeghii has moderately small vessel diameter, less than 100 microns, frequency more than 10 vessels per sq. mm, and radial multiples of 2 -6 cells.Aetoxylon sympetalum and Gonystylus spp. are together characterized by the presence of aliform and confluent parenchyma and the occurrence of prismatic and styloid crystals in ray tissue. The presence of very thick walled fibers and rays of 1-2 to 3 seriate wide, could be used to differentiate Actoxylon sympetalum from Gonystylus spp. The latter have fibers of medium thickness and rays of commonly uniseriate.

PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU PEMASAKAN BIJI KEMIRI TERHADAP SIFAT MINYAKNYA Erra Yusnita; Bambang Wiyono; Dendi Setyawan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 17, No 2 (1999): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1999.17.2.101-112

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan waktu pemasakan biji kemiri terhadap sifat fisiko - kimia minyak kemiri, sehingga didapat kondisi pemasakan biji yang terbaik : Rancangan percobaan yang dipergunakan adalah Acak Lengkap Faktorial,yang terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu suhu pemasakan (A) dan waktu pemasakan (B). Faktor A dalam 3 taraf yaitu 950C, 1050C, 1150C, sedangkan faktor B dalam 4 taraf yaitu 20, 30, 40, 50 menit.Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan waktu pemasakan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap rendemen, bobot jenis, indeks bias dan bilangan peroksida minyak kemiri. Waktu pemasakan berpengaruh nyata pada viskositas dan kadar asam lemak bebas, tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata pada bilangan iod. Juga didapatkan bahwa suhu dan waktu pemasakan, serta interaksi kedua faktor berpengaruh sangat nyata pada bilangan penyabunan minyak kemiri. Interaksi kedua faktor hanya berpengaruh terhadap kejemihan (transmisi).Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak kemiri yang tinggi dengan sifat fisiko kimia yang baik diperoleh dari kombinasi suhu 950C dan waktu pemasakan 30 menit, yaitu 52,72 %, dengan sifat fisiko kimia yang dapat bersaing dengan minyak biji rami yaitu : bobot jenis 0,9268, indeks bias 1,4739, viskositas 50,37 cp, transmisi 79,30 %, kadar asam lemak bebas 1,6380%, bilangan iod 158,75, bilangan peroksida 1,1572 mg 02 per 100 gr, dan bilangan penyabunan 191.12. Altematif lain kombinasi suhu dan waktu pemasakan adalah pada suhu 105°C dan waktupemasakan 20 menit.

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