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PENGARUH SUHU DAN TEKANAN EKSTRAKSI METODE FLUIDA SUPERKRITIS C02 TERHADADAP KADAR SANTALOL KAYU CENDANA Bambang Wiyono; Chilwan Panji; Silvia Silvia; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 18, No 1 (2000): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2000.18.1.10-18

Santalol merupakan senyawa utama dari minyak cendana yang dapat dijadikan tolok ukur untuk mengetahui kualitas kayu cendana. Semakin tinggi kadar santalol, semakin tinggi kualitas kayu tersebut. Salah satu altematif untuk mengevaluasi kualitas kayu cendana dari pohon yang masih hidup dapat diterapkan metode ekstraksi fluida superkritis CO2 yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis kromatografigas. Metode ini hanya memerlukan pengambilan contoh kayu yang sangat kecil yang dapat diperoleh dari pengeboran pohon tersebut.Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi perlakuan suhu dan tekanan ekstraksi yang terbaik dengan menggunakan metode fluida superkritis CO2 yang menghasilkan kadar santalol yang maksimal. Proses ekstraksi dengan metode ini dilakukan selama 30 menit dengan variasi suhu 30ºC, 40ºC dan 50ºC; serta dengan variasi tekanan 1100 psi, 1800 psi dan 2000 psi. Kemumian minyak yang dihasilkan dari ekstraksi dianalisis dengan menggunakan kromatografi gas merk Perkin Elmer. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan tekanan ekstraksi terhadap rendemen minyak dan kadar santalol dilakukan analisis dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tekanan hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen minyak, tetapi tidak pada kadar santalol. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan bahwa diantara tekanan ekstraksi mempunyai perbedaan yang sangat nyata terhadap rendemen minyak. Selanjutnya, suhu ektraksi dan interaksi antara suhu dan tekanan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen minyak dan kadar santalol. Rendemen minyak yang diperoleh berkisar antara 0,09%-3,57%, sedangkan kadar santalol yang diperoleh berkisar 63,29-82,58%. Kondisi terbaik untuk menghasilkan kadar santalol tertinggi (82,68%) adalah suhu ekstraksi 40ºC dan tekanan ekstraksi 1800 psi dengan waktu ekstraksi 30 menit. Kondisi optimum ini diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi kualitas pohon cendana (Santalum album L.) sebagai dasar untuk menentukan waktu penebangan.

STUDI PERBANDINGAN SIFAT MINYAK KAYU CENDANA SEMUT (EXOCARPUS LATIFOLIA R.BR.) DAN CENDANA WANGI (SANTALUM ALBUM L.) Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 7 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

The purpose of this research is to compare the oil. properties of cendana semut (Exocarpus latifolia R.Br.) and cendana wiangi (Santalum album L.). The sandalwood oils are obtained by distillation method with cohobation system for 18 hours.Results indicated that the essential oil content of cendana semut is lower than cendana wangi. The cendana semut oil had dark-yellow in colour and slightly thicker. During the early stage of distilling process, the distillate of cendana semut some whitish sediment was formed, presumably consisted of resin. Such sediment was not found during the distilling of cendana wangi. The cendana wangi oil had yellowish appearance and its viscosity was lower than that of cendana semut. Ester number after acetylation and total alcohol content (as santalol) of cendana semut oil was lower than of cendana wangi oil. Colour, viscosity, and resin content in the distillate could be used to differentiate cendana semut from cendana wangi oil.

EKSTRAKSI LEMAK DARI BIJI TENGKAWANG TUNGKUL (SHOREA STENOPTERA BURCK) DENGAN BEBERAPA PELARUT ORGANIK Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 2 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.2.121-124

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of several organic solvents and storage time on fat content, acidify, and free fatty acid content of Illipe nut hernels (S. stenoptera Burck). The treatment effect was analysed by using a randomized complete block design.The result indicated that storage time reduced moisture content of Illipe nut kernels (S. stenoptera Burck), but on the contrary the storage treatment tended to increased the ash content. Extended storage time decreased fat content significantly. Acetone solvent extraction produced highly significantly effect on fat and free fatty acid content than that of the other solvents. Biochemical activity of lllipe nut hernels (S. stenoptera Burck) degraded the quality, and the rate of degradation was influenced by humidity and temperature. Therefore, to maintain. good kernels quality, optimum storage condition is desired.

SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA MINYAK KERUING YANG DIHASILKAN DARI METODE PENYULINGAN UAP (The physico-chemical properties of Keruing oils obtained by steam distillation technique) Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 1 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Keruing oils can be obtained through separating the oil from keruing gum by distillation technique, or distilling keruing wood. In accordance with the lattest method, the objective of this research is to study the physico-chemical properties of keruing oils which were obtained by steam distillation of a mixture of several keruing wood species. This wood was randomly taken three times from the wastes of wood processing industry in East Kalimantan. Each wood wastes taken was steam distilled and the yielded oils were analysed their physico-chemical properties. The difference between means value of the properties of the oils was tested by using LSD according td SAS procedure.Results revealed that wood wastes gave a highly significant effect on refractive index, optical rotation, acid and ester number of keruing oils. It also gave a significant effect on saponification number. Further analysis showed that the keruing oil with clear colour compared to both keruing oil with clear yellow and pale yellow colour was a significant difference in acid and ester number. Moreover, the keruing oil with pale yellow colour had ll significant difference in saponification number compared the others. Among these oils, the refractive index and optical rotation properties were a significant difference one to the others. Based these results, if the keruing wood wastes will be used as raw materials for keruing oil production, it is better that the keruing wood containing much oil or gum should be separated from the others before further processing.Keywords: Keruing oil, Dipterocarpus spp, Steam distillation, oil properties

PENGARUH JENlS PELARUT ORGANIK DAN UMUR DAUN PINUS TERHADAP RENDEMEN LILIN Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 2 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.2.52-59

The objective of this research is to study the effect of organic solvents and pine needles age on wax yields. The organic solvents used in extracting wax consisted of chloroform, n hexane and ethanol; however, the radiate pine needles' age used as raw materials for the action were primary pine needles (one year old or less), secondary pine needles (two o tu, e years old), and mixtare of both. the data were analysed with an A x B factorial design where A represented organic solvents and B depicted pine needles' age. the differenc between means of wax yields was calculated with an LSD method in the SAS compute packages.Results showed that organic solvents, pine needles' age and the interaction of both gave ,high fr significance on wax yields. Compared lo the other combinations, a combination of. chtorofonn solvent and secondary pine needles produced the highest of wax yield. A wax yiet. obtained by extracting secondary pine needles was statistically similar lo a wax yield obtaine, frotn a mixture of both primary and secondary pine needles. A chloroform solvent is a goo. solvent to extract pine needle waxes from any kind of pine species.

PENGARUH LAMA DAN CARA PENYULINGAN TERHADAP KUALITAS MINYAK KERUING Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 15, No 3 (1997): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1997.15.3.162-168

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama dan cara penyulingan terhadap kualitas minyak keruing. Bahan baku limbah kayu diambil dari industri kayu lapis di Jambi. Lama penyulingan terdiri dari 18, 24 dan 30 jam, sedangkan cara yang digunakan meliputi penyulingan dengan air dan uap-air. Pengaruh lama dan cara penyulingan terhadap rendemen dan kualitas dianalisis dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode penyulingan mempengaruhi rendemen minyak keruing secara sangat nyata, sedangkan lama penyulingan dan interaksi antara lama dan cara penyulingan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap indeks bias, berat jenis dan bilangan asam yang dihasilkan. Penyulingan dengan air menghasilkan rendemen minyak keruing yang lebih tinggi dari pada penyulingan dengan uap air. Penyulingan dengan air lebih cocok dilakukan pada industri rumah tangga karena sederhana.

ANALISIS KOMPONEN KIMIA MINYAK KAYU CENDANA HASIL PENYULINGAN METODE KUKUS Abdul Hakim Lukman; Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 10, No 1 (1992): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1992.10.1.1-6

The purpose of this research is to identify the chemical components of sandalwood oil by using the Gas Chromato- graphy. The sandalwood oil was obtained by steam and water distillation of sandalwood particles which are passina and not passing through a 40 mesh screener, each for 18 and 24 hours distilling times. The identification of the peak of chemical components were done by comparing. the relatioe retention time of the peak of chemical components to that of the chemical so.lution standard, The peak area of each chemical component was calculated .by normalizaion method.The result showed that the distilling of sandalwood particles not passing 40 mesh screener for 18 and 24 hour distilling times each produced oils having as many as 26 and 28 peaks of chemical components respect wely. On the other hand, the particles passing 40 mesh screener. distilled for 18 and 24 hours exhibited as many es 28 peaks. Nevertheles. only eight chemical components could be identified from them, they are: a-pinene limonene α.santalene terpineol-4, ϐ-santalene nerolido L B-santaloL. and farnesol. Teroineo 1-4. nerolidol. B.santalol and farnesol camponents constituled the sandalwood oii: Those where usually categoried as the total santalol. The sandalwood oil distilled from the larger particles not passing 40 mesh screener for 18 and 24 hour distilling times contained the total santalol of 79. 81 a,nd 81. 45 percent, respectively. Furtheremore, the particles passing 40 mesh screener distilled for 18 and 24 hours produced oil containing 81, 74 and 80.88 percent of total santalol for each distilling time.

PENGOLAHAN MINYAK KEMIRI DENGAN CARA PELARUTAN DAN PENGEMPAAN Bambang Wiyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 13, No 3 (1995): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1995.13.3.110-117

The objective of this research is to study the processing of candle nut oils by using solvent extraction and pressing techniques. In a solvent extraction technique, several solvents were applied in the experiment. The choice solvent was used to extract the treated candle nut seeds. In a pressing technique, five levels of pressing temperature were applied to extract untreated candle nut seeds. The effect of the temperatures was calculated by a complete randomized design. Relationship between the pressing temperature and oil properties was analysed with a polynomial orthogonal method.Results showed that a hexane solvent with pure analytical grade was the best solvent to extract candle nut oils as indicated by the highest yield of oils. Using this solvent, a dry-frying treatment on candle nut seeds gave the highest yield of oils, compared boiling and control treatments. In a pressing technique, the increasing of pressing temperature gave a highly significant effect on yields, specific gravity, peroxide and iodine numbers. It also gave a significant effecr on saponifiable number. A polynomial orthogonal analysis showed that pressing temperatures had a highly significant quadratic relationship to oil yields or iodine number, a linear relationship to peroxide number or spesific gravity, and a significant cubic relationship to saponification number. Based on the regression equation for iodine number, the optimum value of iodine number was obtained at a 93° C pressing temperature. At this temperature, the oil yield which could be produced was 59, 79 %. The candle ma oil produced at this temperature was the best oil quality, as indicated by the highest value of iodine number, 97.28.

PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN SECARA KERING PADA KONDISI VAKUM TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA RESIDU DAMAR MATA KUCING Bambang Wiyono; Kurnia Sofyan; Dedeh Kurniasih; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.2.89-101

Dammar resin of Shorea javanica which its essential oil has been isolated can still be used for industrial purposes. Relating to this, the objective of the research is to investigate the effect of a vacuum dry distillation time on yield and the physico-chemical properties of dammar residue.A vacuum dry distillation technique of dammar was carried out at a pressure of 0.06 Pa, a temperature of 65 - 85°C for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 hours, respectively. Each of distilling times was triplicated. To see the effect of distilling time on the yield and properties of dammar residue, the data were analysed by a factorial completely randomized design procedure, and their different means values were tested with Tukey's procedure. The relationship between distilling time and the yield or its physico-chemical properties of dammar residue was analysed with a polynomial orthogonal regression in a SAS package.The results showed that distilling time gave a highly significant effect on yield, softening point, ash content, iod number, acid number and saponification number of dammar residue, except for unsoluble matter in toluene. The increase in distilling lime tent to decrease in the yield and acid number of dammar residue, but it also tent to increase in softening point, ash content, iod number, saponification number and unsoluble matter in toluene. Moreover, distilling time of 2.5 hours is the optimum time to give the highest values of softening point and iod number, but with the lowest value of acid number. Polynomial orthogonal analysis revealed that there were relationship between distilling lime and yield of dammar residue and its properties with a highly significance.Compared to Indonesian National Standard for dammar, dammar residue has not met the requirement for softening point, acid number and ash content criteria. To meet the requirement, it was suggested to increase the pressure in the vacuum dry distillation process with a proper condentation for this pressure.

PERCOBAAN FRAKSIONASI-DISTILASI MINYAK TERPENTIN DARI PINUS MERKUSII JUNG ET DE VRIESE Bambang Wiyono; Toga Silitonga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 4 (1989): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1989.6.4.231-234

Turpentine oil was optained from rosin factory in Paninggaran, Central Java, and Sukun, East Java. Both samples were separated by fractional distilation into several fractions. The distilling was conducted at boiling temperature with atmospheric pressure. The boiling point ranges were 156 - 164°C for the first fraction; 164 - 167°C for the second fraction; 167 - 170° C for the third fraction; and 170° C and upward for the residual fraction.The results indicated that the amount of turpentine fractions from Paninggaran and Sukun were consecutively 73.60% and 70.0% of first fraction: 1340% and 15.80% of second fraction; 3.17% and 3.79% of third fraction; and 9.97% and 9.86% of the residual. Based on the boiling temperature of each component, the first fraction is assumed to contain n-heptane, p-thujene, a-pinene, and camphene; β-pinene and myrcene in the second fraction; myrcene, β-phellandrene, and ∆3-carene in the third fraction; and the residual fraction contains, β-phellandrene. ∆3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, ά-and ɤ-terpinene, etc. The major components of turpentine oil are ά-and β-pinene. These components can be obtained by decreasing the boiling range to 154 - 158° C for ά-pinene and 164 - 166° C for β-pinene. The fractional distillation with these temperatures is expected to increase the utilization of turpentine as raw material for synthetic pine oil, perfumery, etc.

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