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EFFECTS OF FOREIGN LOANS, INTEREST RATE, AND EXPORT FOR THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA 2002-2016 Anwar, Anas Iswanto; Djamal, Bayu Pamungkas; Nurbayani, Sri Undai
Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review VOLUME 3 NUMBER 2, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of foreign loans, interest rate, and export for the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. This research used secondary data which tends the time-series published by Bank Indonesia, The Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia, Central Agency on Statistics Indonesia in the year of 2002-2016. The result of the regression by using ordinary least squares (OLS) method showed that the foreign loans and export take effect positively to the foreign exchange reserves. It indicates that the increase of foreign loans and export could affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. Otherwise, the interest rate could not affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016.

Innovation Strategy for Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Increasing Potential and Economic Welfare of Village Communities (Study on BUMDes Maccini Baji Bonto Jai Village, Bissapu District, Bantaeng Regency) Saputra, Ikhwan; Madris; Nurbayani, Sri Undai
Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS) Vol. 1 No. 5 (2023): July
Publisher : PT. Maju Malaqbi Makkarana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/ecbis.v1i5.84

Badan Usaha Milik Desa is agency business that was established by the Government of the village with capital beginning sourced from APB December to utilize all the potential economic, institutional economy as well as the potential source of the power of nature and the source of the power of man in order to improve the welfare of the community village. Research This aims to determine the role of BUMDes in utilizing the potential of the economy locally with a variety of potential which is owned by the village in order to improve the welfare of the economy of society villagers and encourage an increase in revenues native village. This research is a field, data collection techniques used in this study is a triangulation technique (observation, interview and documentation). The method of research is using the method of research qualitative descriptive. The results of this study are the role of BUMDes Sumber Sejahtera in increasing the potential and economic prosperity of the community in Pujonkidul Village through its programs and business units that can open new jobs for residents, increase community incomes and encourage increased PAD Desa.

EFFECTS OF FOREIGN LOANS, INTEREST RATE, AND EXPORT FOR THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA 2002-2016 Anwar, Anas Iswanto; Djamal, Bayu Pamungkas; Nurbayani, Sri Undai
Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review VOLUME 3 NUMBER 2, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26487/hebr.v3i2.1942

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of foreign loans, interest rate, and export for the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. This research used secondary data which tends the time-series published by Bank Indonesia, The Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia, Central Agency on Statistics Indonesia in the year of 2002-2016. The result of the regression by using ordinary least squares (OLS) method showed that the foreign loans and export take effect positively to the foreign exchange reserves. It indicates that the increase of foreign loans and export could affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. Otherwise, the interest rate could not affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016.

From Competition to Concentration: Theoretical Evolution of Market Power through Monopoly and Monopsony Fatmawati, Fatmawati; Nurbayani, Sri Undai; Alisyahbana, Andi Naila Quin Azsisah; Isma, Andika; Muflih, Betania Kartika
Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : PT Mattawang Mediatama Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/454RI.daengku4472

This study explores the theoretical evolution of market power from classical competition toward concentrated market structures, emphasizing the dual manifestations of monopoly and monopsony. Using a systematic literature review of foundational and contemporary sources, the research traces how microeconomic theory has transitioned from equilibrium-based efficiency models to dynamic analyses of strategic behavior, information asymmetry, and digital dominance. The findings reveal that monopoly and monopsony are symmetric mechanisms of price distortion—each reducing welfare through the restriction of mutually beneficial exchanges. Monopolies elevate prices by controlling output, while monopsonies depress input prices by restricting demand, resulting in comparable deadweight losses and efficiency reductions. Empirical evidence shows that rising market concentration, particularly in digital industries, has deepened income inequality and diminished labor’s share of output. Digital platforms exemplify the convergence of monopoly and monopsony power, leveraging data analytics, algorithms, and network effects to dominate both product and labor markets. These dynamics extend traditional theories of market power beyond static frameworks, emphasizing their systemic and global nature. The study concludes that contemporary market power demands an integrated analytical and policy approach. Effective regulation must simultaneously address consumer welfare, labor market fairness, and innovation incentives. By synthesizing insights from industrial organization, welfare economics, and digital competition studies, this paper contributes to a refined understanding of how monopoly and monopsony shape economic outcomes in the twenty-first century. The results highlight the need for adaptive competition policies to preserve efficiency and equity in a data-driven global economy.

Mapping Competitive Advantage in Competitive Markets: Analysis on the Creative Industry Sector in Southeast Asia Fatmawati, Fatmawati; Nurbayani, Sri Undai; Isma, Andika; Alisyahbana, Andi Naila Quin Azisah; Diarra, Salim
Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : PT Mattawang Mediatama Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/454RI.daengku4473

This study conducts a ten-year systematic mapping of competitive advantage within Southeast Asia’s creative industries, synthesizing insights from interdisciplinary literature to identify the key drivers shaping competitiveness in the region. The findings reveal that competitive advantage has shifted from traditional determinants toward an integrated model driven primarily by digital capability, innovation dynamics, and ecosystem support. Digital capability emerges as the most influential factor, enabling firms to enhance visibility, accelerate market reach, and adapt to rapidly changing platform environments. Innovation capability and dynamic organizational competencies further strengthen long-term competitiveness by facilitating continuous renewal, creative experimentation, and strategic resource reconfiguration. The analysis also highlights the central role of ecosystem governance, particularly public policy, infrastructure readiness, and institutional coordination in shaping industry performance. Countries with well-developed creative ecosystems, such as Singapore and Malaysia, demonstrate higher innovation maturity and digital integration, while others rely more heavily on community-driven or informal creative clusters. Platform-based competition and the rise of creator-led economies introduce new logics of value creation, emphasizing algorithmic mastery, content interactivity, and community engagement as key competitive mechanisms. Sustainability and cultural differentiation play equally significant roles, as creative firms increasingly integrate ethical practices, cultural authenticity, and collaborative partnerships to strengthen long-term relevance. Overall, the study concludes that competitive advantages in Southeast Asia’s creative industries is formed through the synergy of digital capability, innovation, ecosystem structures, cultural assets, and sustainability. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies, regional collaboration, and strategic digital development to position Southeast Asia as a globally competitive creative hub.

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