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EFFECTS OF FOREIGN LOANS, INTEREST RATE, AND EXPORT FOR THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA 2002-2016 Anwar, Anas Iswanto; Djamal, Bayu Pamungkas; Nurbayani, Sri Undai
Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review VOLUME 3 NUMBER 2, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of foreign loans, interest rate, and export for the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. This research used secondary data which tends the time-series published by Bank Indonesia, The Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia, Central Agency on Statistics Indonesia in the year of 2002-2016. The result of the regression by using ordinary least squares (OLS) method showed that the foreign loans and export take effect positively to the foreign exchange reserves. It indicates that the increase of foreign loans and export could affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. Otherwise, the interest rate could not affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016.

Innovation Strategy for Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in Increasing Potential and Economic Welfare of Village Communities (Study on BUMDes Maccini Baji Bonto Jai Village, Bissapu District, Bantaeng Regency) Saputra, Ikhwan; Madris; Nurbayani, Sri Undai
Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS) Vol. 1 No. 5 (2023): July
Publisher : PT. Maju Malaqbi Makkarana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47353/ecbis.v1i5.84

Badan Usaha Milik Desa is agency business that was established by the Government of the village with capital beginning sourced from APB December to utilize all the potential economic, institutional economy as well as the potential source of the power of nature and the source of the power of man in order to improve the welfare of the community village. Research This aims to determine the role of BUMDes in utilizing the potential of the economy locally with a variety of potential which is owned by the village in order to improve the welfare of the economy of society villagers and encourage an increase in revenues native village. This research is a field, data collection techniques used in this study is a triangulation technique (observation, interview and documentation). The method of research is using the method of research qualitative descriptive. The results of this study are the role of BUMDes Sumber Sejahtera in increasing the potential and economic prosperity of the community in Pujonkidul Village through its programs and business units that can open new jobs for residents, increase community incomes and encourage increased PAD Desa.

EFFECTS OF FOREIGN LOANS, INTEREST RATE, AND EXPORT FOR THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA 2002-2016 Anwar, Anas Iswanto; Djamal, Bayu Pamungkas; Nurbayani, Sri Undai
Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review VOLUME 3 NUMBER 2, 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26487/hebr.v3i2.1942

The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of foreign loans, interest rate, and export for the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. This research used secondary data which tends the time-series published by Bank Indonesia, The Ministry of Trade Republic of Indonesia, Central Agency on Statistics Indonesia in the year of 2002-2016. The result of the regression by using ordinary least squares (OLS) method showed that the foreign loans and export take effect positively to the foreign exchange reserves. It indicates that the increase of foreign loans and export could affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016. Otherwise, the interest rate could not affect the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia during 2002-2016.

From Competition to Concentration: Theoretical Evolution of Market Power through Monopoly and Monopsony Fatmawati, Fatmawati; Nurbayani, Sri Undai; Alisyahbana, Andi Naila Quin Azsisah; Isma, Andika; Muflih, Betania Kartika
Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : PT Mattawang Mediatama Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/454RI.daengku4472

This study explores the theoretical evolution of market power from classical competition toward concentrated market structures, emphasizing the dual manifestations of monopoly and monopsony. Using a systematic literature review of foundational and contemporary sources, the research traces how microeconomic theory has transitioned from equilibrium-based efficiency models to dynamic analyses of strategic behavior, information asymmetry, and digital dominance. The findings reveal that monopoly and monopsony are symmetric mechanisms of price distortion—each reducing welfare through the restriction of mutually beneficial exchanges. Monopolies elevate prices by controlling output, while monopsonies depress input prices by restricting demand, resulting in comparable deadweight losses and efficiency reductions. Empirical evidence shows that rising market concentration, particularly in digital industries, has deepened income inequality and diminished labor’s share of output. Digital platforms exemplify the convergence of monopoly and monopsony power, leveraging data analytics, algorithms, and network effects to dominate both product and labor markets. These dynamics extend traditional theories of market power beyond static frameworks, emphasizing their systemic and global nature. The study concludes that contemporary market power demands an integrated analytical and policy approach. Effective regulation must simultaneously address consumer welfare, labor market fairness, and innovation incentives. By synthesizing insights from industrial organization, welfare economics, and digital competition studies, this paper contributes to a refined understanding of how monopoly and monopsony shape economic outcomes in the twenty-first century. The results highlight the need for adaptive competition policies to preserve efficiency and equity in a data-driven global economy.

Mapping Competitive Advantage in Competitive Markets: Analysis on the Creative Industry Sector in Southeast Asia Fatmawati, Fatmawati; Nurbayani, Sri Undai; Isma, Andika; Alisyahbana, Andi Naila Quin Azisah; Diarra, Salim
Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation Vol. 5 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : PT Mattawang Mediatama Solution

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35877/454RI.daengku4473

This study conducts a ten-year systematic mapping of competitive advantage within Southeast Asia’s creative industries, synthesizing insights from interdisciplinary literature to identify the key drivers shaping competitiveness in the region. The findings reveal that competitive advantage has shifted from traditional determinants toward an integrated model driven primarily by digital capability, innovation dynamics, and ecosystem support. Digital capability emerges as the most influential factor, enabling firms to enhance visibility, accelerate market reach, and adapt to rapidly changing platform environments. Innovation capability and dynamic organizational competencies further strengthen long-term competitiveness by facilitating continuous renewal, creative experimentation, and strategic resource reconfiguration. The analysis also highlights the central role of ecosystem governance, particularly public policy, infrastructure readiness, and institutional coordination in shaping industry performance. Countries with well-developed creative ecosystems, such as Singapore and Malaysia, demonstrate higher innovation maturity and digital integration, while others rely more heavily on community-driven or informal creative clusters. Platform-based competition and the rise of creator-led economies introduce new logics of value creation, emphasizing algorithmic mastery, content interactivity, and community engagement as key competitive mechanisms. Sustainability and cultural differentiation play equally significant roles, as creative firms increasingly integrate ethical practices, cultural authenticity, and collaborative partnerships to strengthen long-term relevance. Overall, the study concludes that competitive advantages in Southeast Asia’s creative industries is formed through the synergy of digital capability, innovation, ecosystem structures, cultural assets, and sustainability. These findings underscore the need for targeted policies, regional collaboration, and strategic digital development to position Southeast Asia as a globally competitive creative hub.

Analisis Prisoner’s Dilemma dalam Dinamika Promosi dan Perang Harga E-Commerce di Indonesia Riski Aprilianti; Fatmawati Fatmawati; Sri Undai Nurbayani
Journal of Innovative and Creativity Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/joecy.v5i3.5618

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan Building Information Modelling (BIM) terhadap efisiensi manajemen proyek konstruksi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan desain studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan analisis dokumen proyek yang melibatkan BIM engineer, project manager, konsultan, serta tenaga teknis lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BIM berkontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan efisiensi proyek melalui empat aspek utama: akurasi desain, efektivitas koordinasi, efisiensi biaya, dan optimalisasi perencanaan waktu. Pada aspek desain, fitur clash detection terbukti mengurangi kesalahan teknis dan rework secara signifikan. Sementara itu, koordinasi lintas disiplin berlangsung lebih efektif karena seluruh pemangku kepentingan bekerja menggunakan model terintegrasi yang mempercepat proses komunikasi dan pengambilan keputusan.Temuan lain menunjukkan bahwa BIM mampu meningkatkan efisiensi biaya melalui perhitungan otomatis dalam 5D modelling, yang memudahkan penyesuaian anggaran sesuai perubahan desain. Namun, penelitian ini juga mengungkap hambatan berupa rendahnya kompetensi SDM, keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, resistensi organisasi, dan minimnya standardisasi nasional. Faktor-faktor tersebut menyebabkan adopsi BIM belum dilakukan secara optimal pada seluruh tahapan proyek, terutama pada fase konstruksi dan operasi. Penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya strategi transformasi digital yang mencakup pelatihan berkelanjutan, investasi teknologi, penyusunan standar BIM, dan dukungan kebijakan pemerintah untuk mempercepat penerapan BIM secara menyeluruh. Dengan demikian, BIM memiliki potensi besar sebagai alat strategis dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas proyek konstruksi di Indonesia.

Persaingan Monopolistik dan Oligopoli: Kajian Literatur tentang Struktur Pasar, Strategi Harga, dan Perilaku Strategis Perusahaan Rhena J; Fatmawati Fatmawati; Sri Undai Nurbayani; Rusli Rusli
Journal of Innovative and Creativity Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/joecy.v5i3.5678

Struktur pasar merupakan komponen fundamental dalam kajian ekonomi mikro dan organisasi industri karena menentukan cara perusahaan beroperasi, menetapkan harga, serta merespons tindakan pesaing dalam suatu industri. Dua struktur pasar yang paling dominan dalam perekonomian modern adalah persaingan monopolistik dan oligopoli, yang masing-masing memiliki karakteristik berbeda namun sama-sama menampilkan dinamika persaingan yang kompleks. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara komprehensif konsep persaingan monopolistik dan oligopoli dengan menitikberatkan pada struktur pasar, strategi harga, serta perilaku strategis perusahaan sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam literatur ekonomi mikro dan teori organisasi industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review naratif dengan mengkaji buku teks ekonomi mikro, teori organisasi industri, teori permainan, serta jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Proses analisis dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi konsep utama, pengelompokan teori, sintesis teoretis, serta analisis implikasi struktur pasar terhadap konsumen, perusahaan, dan kebijakan publik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa persaingan monopolistik ditandai oleh jumlah perusahaan yang relatif banyak dengan tingkat diferensiasi produk yang tinggi, sehingga setiap perusahaan memiliki kekuatan pasar terbatas dalam menentukan harga. Diferensiasi produk, baik melalui kualitas, merek, kemasan, maupun simbol budaya, menjadi strategi utama dalam membentuk preferensi konsumen dan menciptakan loyalitas pasar. Namun demikian, sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Chamberlin (1962, hlm. 76–82, Harvard University Press), keuntungan dalam pasar persaingan monopolistik cenderung bersifat sementara karena masuknya pesaing baru dalam jangka panjang, yang mengakibatkan laba ekonomi tereliminasi. Di sisi lain, struktur oligopoli dicirikan oleh sedikitnya jumlah perusahaan dominan dengan tingkat interdependensi yang tinggi, sehingga setiap keputusan harga dan output sangat dipengaruhi oleh reaksi pesaing. Fenomena persaingan harga dalam oligopoli sering kali tidak menghasilkan perubahan harga yang signifikan, yang dapat dijelaskan melalui model kurva permintaan patah (kinked demand curve) sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Sweezy (1939, hlm. 568–573, Journal of Political Economy), yang menjelaskan kecenderungan harga kaku (sticky prices) dalam pasar oligopolistik. Lebih lanjut, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa dilema antara kompetisi dan kolusi dalam oligopoli dapat dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan prisoner’s dilemma dan repeated game. Dalam permainan satu periode, perusahaan cenderung memilih strategi kompetitif meskipun kolusi secara kolektif lebih menguntungkan, sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh Fudenberg dan Tirole (1991, hlm. 33–45, MIT Press). Namun, dalam interaksi jangka panjang, kolusi berpotensi stabil apabila perusahaan memiliki orientasi jangka panjang dan mekanisme hukuman yang kredibel terhadap pelanggaran kesepakatan harga, sebagaimana dirumuskan oleh Friedman (1971, hlm. 1–12, The Review of Economic Studies). Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peran regulator dalam mengawasi praktik pasar oligopolistik guna menjaga efisiensi persaingan dan melindungi kesejahteraan konsumen .

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