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PHYLOGENETICS ANALYSIS OF MARINE AND COASTAL SPECIES USING 18S rRNA SEQUENCE Shabarni Gaffar -; Linawati Hardjito -; Endang Srieatimah -
Bionatura Vol 11, No 2 (2009): Bionatura Juli 2009
Publisher : Direktorat Sumber Daya Akademik dan Perpustakaan

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Phylogenetics analysis using 18S rRNA sequence was done on some marine and coastal organisms that have been used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. Proper and accurate identification of coastal and marine organisms producing bioactive compound is important to support drug discovery. Ribosomal RNA has been described as one of most useful and most used for molecular chronometer. In this experiment a part of 18S rRNA gen was amplified using PCR employing 300F and 1400R primers. PCR product then was cloned using pGEM-T vector (Promega) and transformed into Eschericia coli. The recombinant Eschericia coli were sequenced by applying universal primer and internal primer. The alignment of sequenced product and phylogenetic analysis indicated that sample 1 closely related to Chaetomorpha crassa, sample 2 closely related to Ptilophora pinnatifida, sample 3 closely related to Flagellaria indica, and sample 4 closely related to Wallemia ichthyophaga. Keywords: phylogenetic analysis, 18S rRNA sequence.

Ethnomedicinal Plant Terong Pungo (Solanum sp.) LINAWATI HARDJITO
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 2 (2008): August 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5454/mi.2.2.2

The leaf of terong pungo Solanum sp. had been used traditionally in Aceh to treat toothache and relieve pain. Based on traditional knowledge, this research was conducted to examine the biological activities of its extract as an antibacterial agent and topoisomerase-I inhibitor. The topoisomerase-I inhibitor is one of the target molecules for anticancer compounds. In addition, it is also a target molecule for antimicrobial compounds. The antibacterial activity was examined using disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from medical patients. Topoisomerase-I inhibitor activity was determined using the method reported by TopoGEN, and its toxicity was examined against Artemia salina. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol treatments yielded crude extracts of 1.44, 1.20, and 2.69%, respectively. The chloroform extract exhibited neither antibacterial nor topoisomerase-I inhibitor activities, while the ethylacetate and methanol extracts at a concentration of 300 μg/paper disk positively inhibited the growth of both target bacteria or enzyme activity of topoisomerase-I at a concentration of 50 μg ml-1. The ethylacetate extract showed better activity against target bacteria and was chosen for further investigation. The results suggest that the crude extract showed antibacterial and topoisomerase-I inhibitor activity. Identification of the isolated active fraction indicated that it contained a steroidal alkaloid compound. This investigation revealed that the leaf of terong pungo contains biologically active compounds of pharmacological relevance.

The Influence of Oil Concentration, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Composition on Crude Oil Biodegradation by Epyzim and Mixed Cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Arthrobacter simplex ERLIZA NOOR; LINAWATI HARDJITO
Microbiology Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 3 (2008): December 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Society for microbiology

Biological methods have gained attention as an alternative treatment for oil degradation in pollution remediation. External and internal factors have a great influence on crude oil biodegradation. This experiment studied the effect of oil concentrations and ratios of Ammonium and Phosphate on oil degradation in mixed cultures of local strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Arthrobacter simplex. The oil degradation ability of this mixed culture was compared to the dormant culture of Epyzim. The increase of oil concentration, from 1, 3, 5 and 10% (w/v), significantly lowered the ability of both cultures to degrade the oil i.e from 83 % for 1% oil concentration to 64% for 10% oil concentration using local strains. The local strains showed better capability compare to the dormant culture. Medium composition was designed by three levels of ammonium concentration (7.6, 37.9 and 75.8 mg l-1) and two levels of phosphate concentration (2.0 and 9.9 mg l-1). The ratio of ammonium to phosphate of 3.8:1.0 in the growth media has resulted the maximum level of oil degradation, i.e 83% and 88%, for dormant and local cultures respectively. The results suggest a potential usage of local microorganisms in degrading crude oil-polluted water.

ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND TOPOISOMERASE-I INHIBITOR ACTIVITIES OF THE COASTAL ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT Pemphis acidula Linawati Hardjito
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 14 No. 2 (2007)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2007.14.2.17

Pemphis acidula stem bark had been used traditionally in Indonesia to treat Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis This research was conducted to examine the biological activities of its extract as antibacterial, antioxidant and topoisomerase-I inhibitor. The latter mentioned is one of the target molecules for anticancer drug. The antibacterial activity was examined using disc diffusion assay against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus mutans. The antioxidant activity was measured using superoxide radical scavenging activityassay. Topoisomerase-Inhibitor activity was determined using the method reported by TopoGEN. The chloroform extract did not show antibacterial activity and it has low antioxidant activity (48.5%). The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts positively inhibited the growth of target bacteria at concentration of 0.3-mg/paper disk. It also showed high antioxidant activity. At concentration of 250 Âµg/ml both extracts were able to scavenge superoxide free radicals which was 94.8% and 83.4% for ethyl acetate and methanol extract, respectively. The methanol extract also inhibited topoisomerase-I activity at concentration of 7.5 Âµg/ml.Â The results suggest that there is a correlation between antibacterial, antioxidant and topoisomerase-I inhibitor activity. The stem bark extracts contain biologically active compounds that could be potential for nutraceutical or pharmaceutical development.

Kajian Biodesinfektan Dari Ekstrak Sentigi (Pemphis acidula) Sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Klorin Dalam Industri Pengolahan Udang Linawati Hardjito; Dohami Wina Harianja
Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 1, No 2 (2006): Desember 2006
Publisher : Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/jpbkp.v1i2.398

Sentigi (Pemphis acidula) merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang berasosiasi dengan mangrove. Kulit batangnya digunakan sebagai obat sariawan oleh penduduk Pulau Pari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas ekstrak sentigi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Vibrio carchariae. Penelitian juga melaporkan Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) ekstrak metanol terhadap Artemia salina dan efektivitas ekstrak dalam mereduksi jumlah bakteri pada udang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol kulit batang sentigi dengan rendemen sebesar 15,9% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus, E. coli dan V. carchariae. Pada konsentrasi antara 50‑60 ppm, esktrak metanol sentigi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri setara dengan penggunaan klorin (Ca(OCl)2) 10 ppm. Ekstrak metanol sentigi memiliki toksisistas yang rendah terhadap Arternia salina dengan LC50 (24 jam) sebesar 94 ppm. Konsentrasi efektif penggunaan esktrak sentigi sebagai bahan desinfektan pengganti klorin adalah 50‑60 ppm. Penelitian lanjut sedang dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi (struktur elusidasi) bahan antibakteri yang dikandung ekstrak metanol sentigi.

Pemanfaatan daging ikan tuna sebagai kerupuk kamplang serta karakterisasi fisik dan kimiawi produk yang dihasilkan Sitkun Deni; Linawati Hardjito; Ella Salamah
Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan Vol 6, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Sangia Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29239/j.agrikan.6.2.6-14

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperbaiki formulasi kerupuk kamplang. Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi penentuan kualitas fillet daging ikan tuna (pH, TVBN dan TMA), analisis proximat, logam berat dan konsentrasi karagenan. Penelitian utama mencakup penentuan kokmposisi sagu-tapioka, konsentrasi daging ikan tuna, dengan konsentrasi karagenan terpilih pada penelitian pendahuluan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fillet daging ikan tuna memiliki pH 5,44±3,02 mg N/100 g, TVBN 14,15±0,21 mg N/100 g, TMA 2,16±0,31 mg N/100 g, Cu 4.40 ppm, Hg dan Pb tidak terdeteksi. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa, daging ikan tuna masih dalam kondisi baik dan aman untuk dikonsumsi. Analisis proximat dari kadar air, protein, abu, lemak dan karbohidrat yang secara berururutan adalah 72,2±0.27 %, 2,14±0.07 %, 21,3±1.17 %, 0,38±0.01%, dan 3,97±0,84 %. Hasil analisis karakteristik kimiawi kerupuk kamplang menunjukkan bahwa kadar air paling tinggi 11,62±0,02 % pada produk komersial, kadar protein paling rendah 8,24±0,00% pada produk sagu-taioka 2:3 dan daging ikan tuna 30%, dan TPC paling tinggi 2,5 x 104 coloni/g ditemukan pada produk komersial. Karakteristik fisik kerupuk kamplang goreng menunjukkan tingkat kemekaran paling tinggi 207,08±20,24 % pada produk sagu-tapioka 1:1 dan daging ikan tuna 30 %, dan tingkat kekerasan paling rendah 698,1±7,58 gf pada produk dari sagu-tapioka 2:3 dan daging ikan tuna 30%.

CHITOSAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET PENGGANTI FORMALIN Linawati Hardjito
JURNAL PANGAN Vol. 15 No. 1 (2006): PANGAN
Publisher : Perum BULOG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33964/jp.v15i1.284

Chitosan merupakan bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet pengganti formalin karena sifat-sifat yang dimilikinya yaitu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme perusak dan sekaligus melapisi produk yang diawetkan sehingga terjadi interaksi yang minimal antara produk dan lingkungannya. Chitosan dihasilkan dari hewan berkulit keras terutama dari laut seperti kulit udang, rajungan, kepiting. cumi-cumi dengan kadar chitosan antara 10-15%serta dapat diperoleh dari dinding sel jamur seperti Aspergil lus niger. Manfaat Chitosan selain dapat menghindarkan konsumen dari penyakit typhus, chitosan juga dapat menghambat perbanyakan sel kanker lambung manusia. Berdasarkan rata-rata berat badan 50 kg, maka konsumsi chitosan yang diperbolehkan tanpa menimbulkan efek samping adalah 66.5 g/hari. Bila dibandingkan dengan data penggunaan chitosan sebagai pengawet antara 0.01 -1% yaitu0.1 sampai 10 g/L atau g/Kg, maka dosis chitosan sebagai pengawet masih jauh dari nilai ADI sehingga aman untuk manusia.

KITOSAN SEBAGAI ABSORBEN IMPURITY DALAM PEMBUATAN AGAR MEDIA PIPIH SUPTIJAH; LINAWATI HARDJITO; JOHN HALUAN; MAGGY T WIJAYA
Akuatik: Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan Vol 4 No 2 (2010): AKUATIK : Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan
Publisher : Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (177.71 KB)

Existing problem in production process for fulfilling International standard still taking as a problem for Indonesian product, therefore need modification of production process which can match with the commercial standard even also International standard. One of alternative of the production process that is through input of chitosan as impurity absorbent in its extraction, so can get high quality product of jelly for medium, and others. This research aim to application of chitosan as absorbent, to produce jelly with simple method and without chemicals, and characterize of jelly and also compare it to commercial bakto ( difco). Method used in this research is using impurity absorbent by chitosan in extraction process through chitosan filtration which obtainable absorbs can directly acquire jelly extract in order to clear of pollutant omit continued with draining. Result of jelly extract analysis showed characteristic quality of jelly produced which is viscosities 9,1cPs - 12,5cPs ( bakto 17,5cPs), value of TPC 1,8x101 CFU ( bakto 1,1x102 CFU), gel strength 261,26 gF - 297,8 gF with irrigate rate 20,9% - 23% higher than bakto jelly 16,9%. Bacterium growth through TPC test at chitosan treatment 0,1% obtained TPC value is 1,8x101 colony, while TPC value in bakto jelly is 1,1x102 colony. Sulphate value is very determine and difficult enough to decrease it. Sulphate value of jelly of chitosan absorbs treatment showed vary value, from 0,15% until 0,28%, but statistically do not differ reality. Sulphate value is lower than jelly without treatment ( 0,65%) and also is lower than bakto jelly as standard (0,35%)

Pemanfaatan daging ikan tuna sebagai kerupuk kamplang serta karakterisasi fisik dan kimiawi produk yang dihasilkan Sitkun Deni; Linawati Hardjito; Ella Salamah
Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan Vol 6, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Sangia Research Media and Publishing LLC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29239/j.agrikan.6.2.6-14

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperbaiki formulasi kerupuk kamplang. Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi penentuan kualitas fillet daging ikan tuna (pH, TVBN dan TMA), analisis proximat, logam berat dan konsentrasi karagenan. Penelitian utama mencakup penentuan kokmposisi sagu-tapioka, konsentrasi daging ikan tuna, dengan konsentrasi karagenan terpilih pada penelitian pendahuluan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fillet daging ikan tuna memiliki pH 5,44±3,02 mg N/100 g, TVBN 14,15±0,21 mg N/100 g, TMA 2,16±0,31 mg N/100 g, Cu 4.40 ppm, Hg dan Pb tidak terdeteksi. Sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa, daging ikan tuna masih dalam kondisi baik dan aman untuk dikonsumsi. Analisis proximat dari kadar air, protein, abu, lemak dan karbohidrat yang secara berururutan adalah 72,2±0.27 %, 2,14±0.07 %, 21,3±1.17 %, 0,38±0.01%, dan 3,97±0,84 %. Hasil analisis karakteristik kimiawi kerupuk kamplang menunjukkan bahwa kadar air paling tinggi 11,62±0,02 % pada produk komersial, kadar protein paling rendah 8,24±0,00% pada produk sagu-taioka 2:3 dan daging ikan tuna 30%, dan TPC paling tinggi 2,5 x 104 coloni/g ditemukan pada produk komersial. Karakteristik fisik kerupuk kamplang goreng menunjukkan tingkat kemekaran paling tinggi 207,08±20,24 % pada produk sagu-tapioka 1:1 dan daging ikan tuna 30 %, dan tingkat kekerasan paling rendah 698,1±7,58 gf pada produk dari sagu-tapioka 2:3 dan daging ikan tuna 30%.

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