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Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tahu Menjadi Biogas Menggunakan Reaktor Biogas Portabel Rajagukguk, Kardo
Quantum Teknika : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Terapan Vol 1, No 2 (2020): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jqt.010210

From the tofu production process. The waste generated by tofu industries can be divided into two types, i.e the solid waste and liquid waste. One effort to reduce the environmental damage due to tofu liquid waste from the processing of tofu is to make the tofu liquid waste into biogas. The effort to convert liquid waste from tofu factories into biogas reguires a biogas reactor.Â The aim of this study was to design a biogas reactor with a size of 1 m3 (1000 Liters) by using materials and equipment that are very easily available in the market at an affordable price, to determine the pressure, pH value and the quality of the flame produced when the biogas is used as fuel gas stove. The method used in this study is an experimental method within 30 days. The results showed that biogas pressure increased with increasing time (days). Maximum pressure is reached on day 21, which is 12.2 kPa. The average pH value is 6.91. The temperature in the biogas reactor tends to be stable with an average temperature of 31oC. The color of the flame when the biogas from tofu liquid waste is used as a gas fuel for a large flame gas stove is still a mixture of blue and yellow. The utilization of tofu liquid waste into biogas is expected to reduce environmental pollution and make tofu liquid waste become a high economic value and environmentally friendly.

DESIGN OF BIOGAS PURIFICATION TO REDUCE CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) Kardo Rajagukguk; Arysca Wisnu Satria
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN Vol 7, No 1 (2019): Oktober
Publisher : Universitas Bandar Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (882.582 KB)

Biogas is a gas produced from decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in anaerobic conditions. The problems that are mainly from the development of biogas technology are the high levels of H2S and CO2 in biogas which become an obstacle in the application of biogas directly because it can lead to corrosive components of energy conversion equipment (generator sets) and can reduce the heating value in biogas combustion. The aim of the paper is to design a biogas purification device using Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2, Iron Oxide (Fe2O3), Zeolite, and Activated Carbon in the biogas which are designed according to the characteristics of the biogas installation in Indonesia. From experimental results the percentage of methane gas content increased from 52.5% to 90.2% after purification. Ca(OH)2 solution can be used for adsorbent to increase methane gas levels and reduce CO2 levels in biogas. Fe2O3 iron powder can be used to reduce the levels of H2S content in biogas so that it can increase methane gas content and is safe to use on generator engines.Zeolite and Activated Carbon can increase methane gas levels and reduce the moisture content and CO2 contained in the biogas so that when the biogas is applied to the generator engine. The power generated in the generator engine using biogas fuel that has been purified is greater than that which has not been purified

PENGARUH KETEBALAN LAPISAN POLA PADA METODE LOST FOAM CASTING TERHADAP AKURASI UKURAN BESI COR NODULAR FCD 450 Kardo Rajagukguk; Suyitno Suyitno; Sutiyoko Sutiyoko
Prosiding SNST Fakultas Teknik Vol 1, No 1 (2015): PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 6 2015
Publisher : Prosiding SNST Fakultas Teknik

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Abstrak Lost foam casting merupakan salah satu metode pengecoran yang menggunakan bahan expanded polystyrene (EPS) sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan pola dan ditanam dalam pasir silika. Ketika logam cair dimasukkan ke dalam cetakan, EPS akan mencair dan menguap sehingga tempat itu akan diisi oleh cairan logam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tebal lapisan pada pola expanded polystyrene terhadap akurasi ukuran besi cor nodular FCD 450 dengan menggunakan metode lost foam casting. Pola EPS yang digunakan memiliki ketebalan 3-24 mm. Material pelapis yang digunakan adalah material rekraktori Zircon (ZrO2) dan bahan pengikat Colloidal Silica (O2Si). Ketebalan material pelapis yang diterapkan pada pola EPS yakni 0-1300 mikron. Pola EPS ditanam dalam pasir silika kemudian dipadatkan dengan cara digetarkan. Paduan logam FCD 450 dilebur dalam crucible furnace dan dituang ke dalam cetakan pada suhu sekitar 1350 oC-1450 oC. Rata-rata akurasi ukuran untuk masing tebal lapisan pola 0 (tanpa pelapisan), 200, 500 dan 1300 mikron berturut-turut adalah -0,05, 0,04, -0,07, dan -0,13. Tebal lapisan 200 mikron memberikan nilai akurasi ukuran terbaik dari ketiga variasi ketebalan lapisan pola. Tebal lapisan 0 (tanpa pelapisan), 500 dan 1300 mikron akan mengakibatkan penurunan akurasi ukuran. Pola yang tidak dilapisi akan memberikan dampak yang buruk terhadap hasil coran. Kata kunci: akurasi ukuran, besi cor nodular FCD 450, expanded polystyrene (EPS), lost foam casting

Integrasi Pendidikan Multikultural dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di Madrasah Aliyah Tahfizhil Qur’an Rukun Sembiring; Dicki Pratama; Shamry Bermansah Silalahi; Rikardo Rajagukguk; Hafnita Sari Dewi Lubis
BEST Journal (Biology Education, Sains and Technology) Vol 5, No 2 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/best.v5i2.5937

Multicultural education is important in school life. The problem of this research is how the integration of multicultural education in history learning. The purpose of this study is to determine the integration of multicultural education in the material of history learning material in ma Tahfizhil Qur'an. The results showed that teachers of History subjects integrated multicultural education in history learning at MA Tahfizhil Qur'an. The learning method uses a varied lecture method by providing equal opportunities and rights to students, as well as relating historical relics in the form of local sites in North Sumatra Province such as the Chinese City Site with the aim of respecting sites from other religions, from other groups, as well as from people in other regions by tolerating religion, race, nation to other tribes Multicultural education in the learning carried out can form a good relationship of tolerance between learners.

Analisis Sifat Mekanik dari Struktur Seluler yang Difabrikasi dengan Printer 3D Abdul Muhyi; Riyan Ferdiyanto; Kardo Rajagukguk; Wahyu S. Sipahutar; Muhamad Fatikul Arif
Journal of Science and Applicative Technology Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Journal of Science and Applicative Technology June Chapter
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM), Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Lampung, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35472/jsat.v7i1.370

Struktur ringan berbentuk cellular (seluler) atau foam (busa) dalam beberapa tahun terakhir sangat banyak dikembangkan terutama karena perkembangan cepat dari Printer 3D, sehingga desain rumit dapat difabrikasi dengan mudah. Struktur seluler mempunyai rasio kekuatan terhadap massa dan kekakuan yang tinggi, serta dapat diaplikasikan pada struktur ringan dengan ketahanan impak yang tinggi. Dalam tulisan ini, dilakukan uji tekan terhadap enam jenis struktur seluler dengan fraksi volume 10%. Jenis struktur seluler yang divariasikan adalah Cubic, Gyroid, Honeycomb 3D, Rectilinear, Honeycomb, dan Rectilinear 45o. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa struktur kompleks jenis Cubic mempunyai kekuatan maksimal terbaik dan juga mempunyai penyerapan energi yang terbaik berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan, diikuti dengan struktur Gyroid dan Honeycomb 3D. Struktur yang mempunyai topologi dua dimensi yaitu, Rectilinear 0o, Rectilinear 45o, dan Honeycomb tidak mempunyai kekuatan dan karakteristik penyerapan energi yang baik. Hasil ini dapat digunakan sebagai panduan desain struktur ringan yang mempunyai karakteristik kekuatan dan penyerapan energi mekanik yang tinggi.

Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Media Pendingin Pada Perlakuan Panas Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Nilai Kekerasan Fully Pearlitic Steel Muhyi, Abdul; Ramadhanty, Nabila; Pujiyulianto, Eko; Rajagukguk, Kardo; Paundra, Fajar
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 12, No 2 (2023): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v12i2.2567

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi media pendingin pada perlakuan panas terhadap nilai kekerasan dan struktur mikro fully pearlitic stell. Proses penelitian dilakukan dengan pemotongan fully pearlitic stell dengan ukuran 10 x 10 x 10 mm, kemudian dilakukan proses perlakuan panas dengan temperatur 900℃, selanjutnya dilakukan proses pendinginan dengan berbeda media pendingin seperti: udara, di dalam oven, air, oli bekas, dan salah satu spesimen yang tidak dilakukan perlakuan apapun sebagai pembanding. Hasil pengujian struktur mikro rel tanpa perlakuan mengandung struktur perlit dan ferit, dengan nilai kekerasan yang didapat 392,64 HVN. Media pendingin udara memiliki fasa ferit dan perlit, dengan nilai kekerasan 335,92 HVN. Pendinginan di dalam oven struktur mikronya adalah sementit, perlit, austenit dengan nilai kekerasan yang diperoleh 287,67 HVN, merupakan nilai kekerasan terendah. Untuk media pendingin air struktur mikro yang terbentuk ferit, austenit, martensit, nilai kekerasannya 915,89 HVN. Untuk pendinginan oli bekas struktur mikronya martensit, austenit, ferit dengan nilai kekerasan 916,38 HVN, media pendingin oli bekas mendapatkan nilai kekekarasan tertinggi.Kata kunci: Perlakuan panas, baja karbon tinggi, kekerasan, struktur mikro.

EFFECT OF WELDING CURRENT ON LOW CARBON STEEL CHARACTERISTICS IN SMAW CLADDING PROCESS paundra, fajar; Yasmin, Dzikrina Salsabila; Pujiyulianto, Eko; Muhyi, Abdul; Rajagukguk, Kardo; Prabowo, Imam
Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jptm.v25i1.21279

The electric current magnitude is a fundamental parameter that directly affects penetration characteristics and weld bead geometry. This study analyzes the effect of current variations on physical and mechanical properties in the cladding process using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) method. The materials used are low-carbon steel and HV-600 electrodes with a diameter of 3.2 mm. The SMAW method was applied with current variations of 100 A, 120 A, 140 A, and 160 A. The tests carried out were NDT liquid penetrant, macro structure, micro structure and Vickers hardness. The results indicate a positive correlation between increasing current and hardness values in the weld area, with the highest hardness recorded at 665.803 HVN at 160 A and the lowest at 515.143 HVN at 100 A. Meanwhile, in the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ), a non-linear pattern was observed, with a maximum hardness of 263.237 HVN at 120 A and a minimum of 219.110 HVN at 140 A. Microstructural analysis revealed the formation of ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and martensite phases in the weld area, providing insights into optimizing welding parameters to enhance the mechanical properties of low-carbon steel cladding.

Edukasi Laboratorium Teknik Mesin ITERA Bagi Siswa SMKN 1 Raman Utara Dalam Meningkatkan Literasi Teknologi Paundra, Fajar; Muhyi, Abdul; Perdana Nurullah, Fajar; Pujiyulianto, Eko; Gahana Cindi Alfian, Devia; Syaukani, Muhammad; Rajagukguk, Kardo; Januarizky Silitonga, Dicky; Andi Kolala, Putra; Nanda Syanur, Farid; Aditia Prahmana, Rico
AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 5 : Juni (2025): AMMA : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat
Publisher : CV. Multi Kreasi Media

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This community service activity aims to introduce the laboratory environment and facilities of the Mechanical Engineering Study Program at Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) to students of SMKN 1 Raman Utara, East Lampung. The activity was conducted in the form of a campus visit involving 62 12th-grade students from the Light Vehicle Engineering Department. The agenda included a presentation on higher education opportunities, interactive discussions, a Q&A session, and a direct tour of ITERA’s Mechanical Engineering laboratories, including the Materials Engineering, Energy Conversion, Fabrication, Manufacturing, Internal Combustion Engines, and Foundry laboratories. This activity was designed to inspire students to pursue higher education and broaden their understanding of engineering fields. The outcome showed a high level of enthusiasm among the students and successfully achieved the goal of introducing campus life and technological exposure. This initiative is expected to serve as an initial step in strengthening synergy between vocational high schools and higher education institutions.

EFFECT OF PREHEATING TEMPERATURE VARIATION ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF WELD OVERLAY CLADDING OF SS400 CARBON STEEL BY SMAW METHOD paundra, fajar; Rajagukguk, Kardo; Aldyansyah, Dimas; Pujiyulianto, Eko; Muhyi, Abdul
Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Vol. 24 No. 02 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/eyamkr90

SS400 carbon steel is a type of low carbon steel that has low surface hardness, wears easily, and is not resistant to impact. The application of cladding can reduce the risk of material failure due to the weakness of SS400 carbon steel. In this study, cladding was performed by SMAW method using HV-600 electrodes and a current of 115 A. This welding process causes heat to be concentrated in the melting area, resulting in uneven heating and cooling, so preheating is necessary. This study aims to evaluate the effect of preheating temperature variations of 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and non-preheating on microstructure and hardness in the cladding process. Macro structural testing shows that the application of preheating can minimize the occurrence of welding defects, and an increase in preheating has an effect on increasing the depth of the HAZ in each specimen tested. Microstructure testing shows that the application of higher preheating will form more ductile phases in the base metal, diffusion layer, HAZ areas. The base metal area has pearlite and ferrite phases. The diffusion layer shows clear boundaries as a result of the diffusion process. The HAZ section forms a fine pearlite microstructure and coarse pearlite and ferrite phases. The weld metal layer is not affected by the preheating temperature used, there are martensite and ferrite phases. Hardness testing on 200oC preheating specimens has the highest hardness in the weld metal of 680.11 HV. Hardness in the diffusion layer, HAZ, and base metal which shows that an increase in preheating temperature affects the decrease in the hardness value of the specimen.

Analisa Pengaruh Variasi Media Pendingin Pada Perlakuan Panas Terhadap Struktur Mikro Dan Nilai Kekerasan Fully Pearlitic Steel Muhyi, Abdul; Ramadhanty, Nabila; Pujiyulianto, Eko; Rajagukguk, Kardo; Paundra, Fajar
TURBO [Tulisan Riset Berbasis Online] Vol 12, No 2 (2023): TURBO: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24127/trb.v12i2.2567

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi media pendingin pada perlakuan panas terhadap nilai kekerasan dan struktur mikro fully pearlitic stell. Proses penelitian dilakukan dengan pemotongan fully pearlitic stell dengan ukuran 10 x 10 x 10 mm, kemudian dilakukan proses perlakuan panas dengan temperatur 900℃, selanjutnya dilakukan proses pendinginan dengan berbeda media pendingin seperti: udara, di dalam oven, air, oli bekas, dan salah satu spesimen yang tidak dilakukan perlakuan apapun sebagai pembanding. Hasil pengujian struktur mikro rel tanpa perlakuan mengandung struktur perlit dan ferit, dengan nilai kekerasan yang didapat 392,64 HVN. Media pendingin udara memiliki fasa ferit dan perlit, dengan nilai kekerasan 335,92 HVN. Pendinginan di dalam oven struktur mikronya adalah sementit, perlit, austenit dengan nilai kekerasan yang diperoleh 287,67 HVN, merupakan nilai kekerasan terendah. Untuk media pendingin air struktur mikro yang terbentuk ferit, austenit, martensit, nilai kekerasannya 915,89 HVN. Untuk pendinginan oli bekas struktur mikronya martensit, austenit, ferit dengan nilai kekerasan 916,38 HVN, media pendingin oli bekas mendapatkan nilai kekekarasan tertinggi.Kata kunci: Perlakuan panas, baja karbon tinggi, kekerasan, struktur mikro.

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