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The reference range of serum, plasma and erythrocyte magnesium Immanuel, Suzanna; Iriani, Anggraini
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 15, No 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

The interest in the clinical importance of serum magnesium level has just recently begun with the analysis and findings of abnormal magnesium level in cardiovascular, metabolic and neuromuscular disorder. Although the serum level does not reflect the body magnesium level, but currently, only serum magnesium determination is widely used. Erythrocyte magnesium is considered more sensitive than serum magnesium as it reflects intracellular magnesium status. According to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) every laboratory is recommended to have its own reference range for the tests it performs, including magnesium determination. The reference range obtained is appropriate for the population and affected by the method and technique. This study aimed to find the reference range of serum and plasma magnesium and also intracellular magnesium i.e. erythrocyte magnesium by direct method, and compare the results of serum and plasma magnesium. Blood was taken from 114-blood donor from Unit Transfusi Darah Daerah (UTDD) Budhyarto Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) DKI Jakarta, consisted of 57 male and 57 female, aged 17 â 65 years, clinically healthy according to PMI donor criteria. Blood was taken from blood set, collected into 4 ml vacuum tube without anticoagulant for serum magnesium determination and 3 ml vacuum tube with lithium heparin for determination of erythrocyte and plasma magnesium Determination of magnesium level was performed with clinical chemistry auto analyzer Hitachi 912 by Xylidil Blue method colorimetrically. This study showed no significant difference between serum and heparinized plasma extra cellular magnesium. The reference range for serum or plasma magnesium was 1.30 â 2.00 mEq/L and for erythrocyte magnesium was 4.46 - 7.10 mEq/L. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:229-35)Keywords: Reference range, extracellular magnesium, intracellular magnesium

Role of Glycated Albumin during Pregnancy Immanuel, Suzanna; Ronald, Thoeng; Sumapradja, Kanadi; Setiawati3, Arini
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 5, No. 1, January 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Objective: To determine the glycated albumin profile during pregnancy with normal glycemic status. Methods: We recruited 60 pregnant women between 21 and 36 weeks of gestation. We conducted several laboratory tests, such as glycated albumin, blood glucose, and albumin. These parameters were compared among four groups of gestational age (21-24 weeks, 25-28 weeks, 29-32 weeks, and 33-36 weeks) using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test continued by Post-hoc test. Results: Glycated albumin was not statistically different among the groups. Albumin level of 33-36 weeks of gestation women (3.6 (SD 0.2) g/dl) was lower than 21-24 weeks of gestation women (3.8 (SD 0.2) g/dl). Conclusion: Glycated albumin level is not affected by gestational age. Therefore, glycated albumin may be used as glycemic status indicator during pregnancy from 21 to 36 weeks. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-1: 16-18] Keywords: HbA1c, glycated albumin, glycemic status, pregnancy

Effect of enhanced external counterpulsation therapy on myeloperoxidase in lowering cardiovascular events of patients with chronic heart failure Rampengan, Starry H.; Setianto, Budhi; Posangi, Jimmy; Immanuel, Suzanna; Prihartono, Judo; Siagian, Minarma; Kalim, Harmani; Inneke, Sirowanto; Abdullah, Murdani; Waspadji, Sarwono
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 22, No 3 (2013): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a slowly progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality; therefore, the management using pharmacological treatments frequently fails to improve outcome. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP), a non-invasive treatment, may serve as alternative treatment for heart failure. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of EECP on myeloperoxidase (MPO) as inflammatory marker as well as cardiac events outcome.Methods: This was an open randomized controlled clinical trial on 66 CHF patients visiting several cardiovascular clinics in Manado between January-December 2012. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, i.e. the group who receive EECP therapy and those who did not receive EECP therapy with 33 patients in each group. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) as inflammatory marker was examined at baseline and after 6 months of observation. Cardiovascular events were observed as well after 6 months of observation. Unpaired t-test was use to analyze the difference of MPO between the two groups, and chi-square followed by calculation of relative risk were used for estimation of cardiovascular event outcomes.Results: MPO measurement at baseline and after 6 months in EECP group were 643.16 ± 239.40 pM and 422.31 ± 156.26 pM, respectively (p < 0.001). Whereas in non EECP group, the MPO values were 584.69 ± 281.40 pM and 517.64 ± 189.68 pM, repectively (p = 0.792). MPO reduction was observed in all patients of EECP group and in 13 patients (48%) of non-EECP group (p < 0.001). Cardiovascular events were observed in 7 (21.21%) and 15 (45.45%) of patients in EECP and non-EECP groups, respectively (p = 0.037).Conclusion: EECP therapy significantly decreased the level of MPO as inflammatory marker and this decrease was correlated with the reduction of cardiovascular events in CHF patients. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:152-60. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i3.584)Keywords: CHF, cardiovascular events, EECP, myeloperoxidase

Oral glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin glycate and fructosamine blood levels in pregnancy Suryatmadja, Marzuki; Susanto, Anthony; Immanuel, Suzanna; Amelz, Husna; Wiknjosastro, Gulardi H
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (1992): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

[no abstract available]

Role of Glycated Albumin during Pregnancy Immanuel, Suzanna; Ronald, Thoeng; Sumapradja, Kanadi; Setiawati3, Arini
Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume. 5, No. 1, January 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Socety of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Objective: To determine the glycated albumin profile during pregnancy with normal glycemic status. Methods: We recruited 60 pregnant women between 21 and 36 weeks of gestation. We conducted several laboratory tests, such as glycated albumin, blood glucose, and albumin. These parameters were compared among four groups of gestational age (21-24 weeks, 25-28 weeks, 29-32 weeks, and 33-36 weeks) using ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test continued by Post-hoc test. Results: Glycated albumin was not statistically different among the groups. Albumin level of 33-36 weeks of gestation women (3.6 (SD 0.2) g/dl) was lower than 21-24 weeks of gestation women (3.8 (SD 0.2) g/dl). Conclusion: Glycated albumin level is not affected by gestational age. Therefore, glycated albumin may be used as glycemic status indicator during pregnancy from 21 to 36 weeks. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-1: 16-18] Keywords: HbA1c, glycated albumin, glycemic status, pregnancy

Comparison of the Profile and TSH Levels from Several Types of Blood Collection Tubes Putra, Gunawan Eka; Sukartini, Ninik; Immanuel, Suzanna; Henrika, Fify; Indrasari, Nuri Dyah
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY Vol 26, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Indonesian Association of Clinical Pathologist and Medical laboratory

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24293/ijcpml.v26i2.1475

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is an important parameter in diagnosing thyroid disease which uses serumaccording to the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations. The use of plasma can help improve the TurnAround Time (TAT); however, the discrepancy with serum is unknown. A cross-sectional study using 89 blood samples wasperformed to compare TSH levels using serum tubes with clot activator (Tube I), plasma tubes with heparin (Tube II), andplasma tubes with heparin-gel separator (Tube III); and to overview of TSH levels according to gender and age. The medianof TSH levels in Tubes I, II, and III were 1.380 (0.032-7.420) μIU/mL, 1.380 (0.030-7.480) μIU/mL, and 1.360 (0.030-7.460)μIU/mL, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in TSH levels of the three tubes. The median TSHlevels differences of Tubes II and III compared to the tube I were -0.9% (-7.2-2.2) and -1.7% (-8.0-1.6), respectively.Measurement bias observed in this study was following the specified desirable bias according to Ricos. The median TSHlevels of the male and female groups were 1.500 (0.032-4.250) μIU/mL and 1.345 (0.058-7.420) μIU/mL, respectively. MedianTSH levels of 31-40 years old age group and >61 years old age group were 1.190 (0.609-3.240) μIU/mL and 1.730 (0.088-5.760) μIU/mL, respectively. Specimens from three tubes could be used to examine TSH levels. Measurement of TSH levelsshowed a higher median in the male and older group.

Evaluasi Pemeriksaan Imunoglobulin E Spesifik Menggunakan Immunoblot Assay dengan Baku Emas Skin Prick Test -, Yudhistira; Sukartini, Ninik; Immanuel, Suzanna; Rengganis, Iris
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 46, No 2 (2019): Penyakit Dalam
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Pendahuluan. Skin Prick Test (SPT) merupakan baku emas diagnosis alergi, tetapi tidak dapat dilakukan pada kondisi tertentu seperti dermatografisme, hamil, tidak dapat lepas obat antialergi, sehingga pemeriksaan IgE spesifik menjadi pilihan. Di Indonesia belum ada data perbandingan pemeriksaan IgE spesifik dengan SPT. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan sensitivitas, spesifisitas, PPV, NPV, LR+ dan LR- pemeriksaan IgE spesifik menggunakan analisis immunoblot. Metode. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien poliklinik alergi imunologi. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode non-probability sampling dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Analisis dilakukan terhadap alergen tungau debu rumah (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis) dan kecoa. Hasil. Seratus subjek yang memenuhi kiteria masukan dan tolakan (76% perempuan, rerata usia 38.9 tahun) ikut serta dalam penelitian ini. Sensitivitas empat alergen bervariasi dengan rentang 32.4%-76.8%, spesifisitas 68.0%-85.7%, PPV 54.5%-94.5%, NPV 46.2%-65.3%, LR+ 1.8-5.0, dan LR- 0.3-0.8.Sensitivitas pemeriksaan IgE spesifik cukup baik pada tiga tungau debu rumah tetapi rendah pada kecoa; spesifisitas dan PPV bervariasi cukup sampai baik; NPV cukup baik. Simpulan dan Saran. Uji diagnostik IgE spesifik tungau debu rumah menunjukkan hasil cukup baik. Pemeriksaan IgE spesifik tidak dapat digunakan untuk skrining alergi kecoa.Background. Skin Prick Test (SPT) is considered as gold standard for diagnosis of allergy, but cannot be performed in some conditions such as dermatographism, pregnancy, and unable to abstain from antiallergy drugs. In these conditions, specific-IgE test is a test of choice. But there is no comparison data on specific IgE test with SPT in Indonesia. This study was to investigate sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, LR+, and LR- of specific-IgE test of immunoblot assay kit. Method. The study was cross-sectional. Subjects were patients from allergy-immunology clinic who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was performed using non-probability sampling method with consecutive technique. Analysis was performed for house dust mite allergen (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis) and cockroach. Result. Hundred subjects (76% was female, average age of 38.9 years) were involved. Sensitivity of four allergens were varied with range 32.4%-76.8%, specificity 68.0%-85.7%, PPV 54.5%-94.5%, NPV 46.2%-65.3%, LR+ 1.8-5.0, and LR- 0.3-0.8. Sensitivities of specific-IgE for three species of house dust mite were moderate, but low for cockroach; specificities and PPVs were moderate to high; NPVs were moderate. Conclusion. Diagnostic test of specific-IgE with house dust mite allergen shows adequate result. Specific IgE test cannot be utilized for screening of cockroach allergy.Â

Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on depressive symptoms, C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial Putranto, Rudi; Setiati, Siti; Nasrun, Martina W.; Witjaksono, Fiastuti; Immanuel, Suzanna; Subekti, Imam; Harimurti, Kuntjoro; Siswanto, Agus; Shatri, Hamzah; Suwarto, Suhendro; Megantara, Marcelino A.
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i3.1342

The coexistence of depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can significantly worsen disease prognosis and lower quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the progression of T2DM and is closely associated with the development of depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cholecalciferol on depression in patients with T2DM, exploring its mechanisms by analyzing its impact on C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 levels. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from April 2021 to September 2022. Patients with T2DM and depressive symptoms were randomly assigned to two groups: received 4000 IU of cholecalciferol daily and received a placebo for 12 weeks. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) before and 12 weeks after the intervention. The levels of C-peptide, serotonin, and neurotrophin-3 were measured at the end of the fourth week of intervention using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Between-group comparisons were made using independent Student t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Paired Student t-tests or Wilcoxon tests were applied for within-group comparisons between pre- and post-intervention. A total of 70 T2DM patients with depression were included in this study, comprising 38 patients in the cholecalciferol group and 32 in the placebo group. C-peptide levels increased significantly in the cholecalciferol group compared to the placebo group (p=0.006). No significant differences were observed in serotonin and NT-3 levels between the cholecalciferol group compared to the placebo group. The cholecalciferol group had a significantly greater reduction in BDI-II scores compared to the placebo group (p<0.001). This trial highlights that taking cholecalciferol might help ease mild to moderate depression symptoms in patients with T2DM by enhancing c-peptide levels, though its effects on serotonin and neurotrophin-3 are still unclear.

Blood Zinc Profile and Fecal Analysis of Colitis Patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Indrasari, Nuri Dyah; Pattiasina, Firensca; Fauzi, Achmad; Yusra, Yusra; Kumalawati, July; Immanuel, Suzanna
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 23, No 1 (2022): VOLUME 23, NUMBER 1, April 2022
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Background: Colitis is a gastrointestinal disease that poses a major problem in Indonesia. Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element which plays role as antimicrobial in intestinal mucosa, increases gastrointestinal barrier, and immune function. Colitis can cause histologic changes in gastrointestinal tract epithelial which will disrupt the absorption and excretion of Zn causing zinc deficiency. This study aims to evaluate the difference of Zn level in colitis and healthy subjects, as well as the fecal analysis profile of colitis patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Method: The design of this study was cross-sectional and was performed in colitis and healthy subjects. Colitis patients were recruited consecutively in patients in Gastroenterology Clinic and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Centre in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Zinc examination from blood sample was performed using spectrophotometry. Fecal analysis was performed manually. The level of zinc from colitis subjects was compared to healthy subjects. Fecal analysis examination consists of macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical examinations of the feces.Results: There were 40 colitis subjects and 16 healthy subjects in August 2019 - May 2020. There were significant differences in Zn levels between colitis and healthy subjects, which were 10.9 ± 1.9 mol/L and 12.3 ± 1 mol/L, respectively (p = 0.011). There were 45% (18/45) colitis subjects who were also suffering from Zn deficiency. The stool analysis in colitis subjects showed soft stool consistency in 90% subjects, slimy stools in 17.5%, increased in erythrocyte count in 60%, increased in leukocyte count in 5%, positive stool starch in 20%, positive stool fat in 7.5%, acid pH in 97.5%, positive stool occult blood in 37.5%, and fungi in stool in 7.5%.

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