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Journal : Bima Loka: Journal of Physical Education

Performance-based assessment for elementary school students' fundamental motor skills in balance, locomotor, and manipulative movements Wibowo, Cahyo; Putra, Kukuh Pambuka; Nopiyanto, Yahya Eko; Dese, Dennys Christovel; Pradibya, Aguch Vergianata
Bima Loka: Journal of Physical Education Vol 5 No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/bimaloka.v5i2.39985

Abstract

Highlighting the importance of fundamental motor skills encompassing balance, locomotor, and manipulative abilities in the physical development of elementary school children. This study aims to ascertain and provide a better understanding of holistic fundamental motor skills, aiding in identifying children needing continuous intervention. This quantitative descriptive study employs a cross-sectional approach involving 310 respondents of elementary school students aged 7 to 9 years old. The research instrument comprises an assessment rubric with performance observations encompassing eleven types of fundamental motor skills. Ideal mean formula and ideal standard deviation are utilized to analyze data regarding the proficiency levels of each motor skill category. Additionally, an Independent Sample t-test is employed to ascertain the data differences among elementary school students based on gender. The research findings indicate that the elementary school students' fundamental motor skills have an average performance assessment mean of 32.14 (36.12%), with the majority falling into the "good" category. The average performance score of male students is higher than that of female students, with a mean of 30.32 and a standard deviation of 3.590, while the average performance score of female students is 28.48, with a standard deviation of 3.208. They explain the variation in motor skills among elementary school students aged 7 to 9. Most students exhibit proficient skills, although some fall into the unsatisfactory motor skill category. On average, male students demonstrate higher motor skills compared to female students.
University student participation in physical activity toward lung vital capacity differences: comparative study of smokers and non-smokers Putra, Kukuh Pambuka; Al Ardha, Muchamad Arif; Tingsapat, Suthana; Wibowo, Cahyo; Sidi, Agam Allende
Bima Loka: Journal of Physical Education Vol 5 No 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/bimaloka.v5i2.40042

Abstract

Smoking is a known risk factor for impaired lung function, even among physically active individuals. The harmful substances contained in cigarettes are known to disrupt lung function and damage lung tissue, which, over time, can reduce vital lung capacity. On the other hand, regular physical activity has been proven to enhance lung capacity. However, there is still a lack of research specifically comparing the vital lung capacity between physically active male smokers and non-smokers. This study aimed to determine the differences in vital lung capacity between physically active male smokers and non-smokers. The study involved 50 male university students aged 20–23 who regularly exercised twice weekly. Subjects were divided into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers with similar morphological characteristics. Vital lung capacity was measured using a digital spirometer connected to a computer. The results showed that the non-smoker group had a significantly larger vital lung capacity than the smoker group, with an average difference of 0.41 liters (p<0.05). These findings indicate that although both groups were physically active, smoking habits still negatively impacted vital lung capacity. Although the difference may not be fatal from a physiological standpoint, it can potentially affect sports performance, particularly in disciplines that rely heavily on respiratory capacity, such as aerobic-based sports and freediving.