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All Journal SAINS MEDIKA : JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DAN KESEHATAN Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Jurnal Profesi Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal INTEGRITAS : Jurnal Pengabdian Well Being Asian Journal of Health and Applied Sciences
Israhnanto Isradji
Bagian Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Kualitas Spermatozoa Mencit Balb /C Jantan Setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol) Fatmawati, Dina; Isradji, Israhnanto; Yusuf, Iwang; Suparmi, Suparmi
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (574.654 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n3.845

Abstract

Buah kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) terbukti memiliki kandungan fitoestrogen yang diduga memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas sperma, namun sejauh ini kajian ilmiah mengenai efek buah kepel terhadap kualitas sperma belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek ekstrak buah kepel terhadap motilitas, konsentrasi, viabilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design. Ekstraksi buah kepel menggunakan metode sokletasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Sebanyak 24 ekor mencit yang dibagi ke dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol yang diberi akuades, kelompok I, II, dan III yang disonde ekstrak buah kepel (EBK) dengan dosis 0,65; 1,3; dan 2,6 mg/ekor maisng-masing selama 14 hari. Motilitas, konsentrasi, viabilitas, dan morfologi spermatozoa dianalisis dengan mengambil sampel sperma dari kauda epididimis pada hari ke-15. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa viabilitas, morfologi, dan konsentrasi spermatozoa rata-rata antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan (I, II, III) tidak berbeda signifikan (p>0,05). Persentase motilitas spermatozoa mengalami penurunan secara signifikan pada kelompok III (2,6 mg/ekor) dibanding dengan kontrol, kelompok I, dan kelompok II (p<0,05). Simpulan yang dapat ditarik dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak buah kepel dengan dosis 2,6 mg/ekor/hari dapat menurunkan kualitas spermatozoa sehingga berpotensi sebagai senyawa antifertilitas pada pria. [MKB. 2016;48(3):155–59]Kata kunci: Kepel (Stelechocarpus buharol), konsentrasi spermatozoa, kualitas spermatozoa, Sperm Quality of Male Balb/C Mice after Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) Fruit Extract AdministrationKepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) fruits contains phytoestrogen that have been shown to have a potential phytoestrogen that may affect sperm quality. However, few studies on this effect have been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect Stelechocarpus burahol administration on sperm quality in mice. This experimental study used post-test only with control-group design. The sox-chlelation method was performed to obtain the ethanol extract from kepel fruit. Twenty four mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of kepel fruit extract dose: 0 mg/mice (control or group I), 0.65 mg/mice (group II), 1.3 mg/mice (group III), and 2.6 mg/mice (group IV).  One milliliter of kepel fruit extract was administered orally every day for 14 days. On day 15 the sperm were collected and analyzed for motility, concentration, viability, and morphology. There was no effect of kepel fruit extract found among the treated groups (group I, II, III, IV) on the percentage of sperm concentration, morphology, and viability (p>0.05). However, the percentage of motility in group IV (kepel fruit extract at a dose of 2.6 mg/mice) was decreased significantly compared to control and other treatment groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, 2.6 mg/mice Kepel extract  decreases sperm quality; hence, it is a potential candidate for antifertility in men. [MKB. 2016;48(3):155–9]Key words: Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol), sperm concentration, sperm quality
Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Toksisitas Antara Drop Vitamin A dari Karotenoid Kulit Pisang Ambon dan ß-Karoten Prasetya, Harka; Isradji, Israhnanto; Suparmi, Suparmi; Hardec, Adrian; Fahryzal, Muhammad; Azizah, Laili Durotul; Ashar, Dita Ferwina Utari
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (27.842 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n1.981

Abstract

Pemanfaatan kulit pisang akibat peningkatan konsumsi pisang ambon perlu dilakukan, salah satunya sebagai alternatif sumber vitamin A alami (SUVITAL) untuk mengatasi kasus kekurangan vitamin A (KVA). Potensi karotenoid kulit pisang ambon sebagai SUVITAL belum banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antioksidan dan toksisitas terhadap hati dan ginjal dari drop vitamin A karotenoid kulit pisang ambon (DKKP) dibanding dengan β karoten (DBKM) pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus) galur New Zealand White. DKKP dan DBKM dibuat sesuai formula vitamin A per 50.000 IU/mL. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sultan Agung selama September–Oktober 2015. Sebanyak 12 ekor kelinci jantan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kontrol, DKKP, dan DBKM. Drop diberikan per oral sebanyak 5 mL/ekor/hari selama 7 hari. Efek antioksidan diuji berdasar atas kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) dan retinol serum darah, sedangkan toksisitas terhadap hati dan ginjal ditentukan berdasar derajat kerusakan hepatosit dan sel epitel tubulus proksimal ginjal. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkan bahwa kadar MDA dan retinol serum darah kelinci yang diberi DKKP tidak berbeda signifikan (p>0,05) dibanding dengan DBKM, demikian juga dengan skor kerusakan hepatosit dan sel epitel tubulus proksimal ginjal. Aktivitas antioksidan drop vitamin A dari karotenoid kulit pisang ambon sama dengan drop β-karoten murni. Drop vitamin A dari karotenoid kulit pisang tidak toksik terhadap histopatologi hati dan tubulus proksimal ginjal. [MKB. 2016;49(1):1–7]   Kata kunci: Antioksidan, drop vitamin A, karotenoid, kulit pisang ambon, toksisitasAntioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Vitamin A Drop from Ambon Peel Carotenoid and Pure ß-carotene   The increased consumption of ambon banana has resulted in increased amount of banana peel; which opens an opportunity to use them as a natural vitamin A alternative source to prevent vitamin A deficiency (VAD). The potential use of banana peel as a vitamin A supplement has not been much investigated. This study was conducted to measure the antioxidant activities and toxicity of vitamin A drop from carotenoids of Ambon banana peel (DKKP) in comparison with the vitamin A drop containing pure β-carotene (DBKM) on New Zealand White rabbits’ liver and kidney (Oryctolagus cuniculus) . The DKKP and DBKM were formulated according to the formula of vitamin A per 50,000 IU/ml. Twelve male rabbits were divided into 3 groups, i.e., control, DKKP, and DBKM. DKKP and DKKP groups received 5 ml/day oral dose for 7 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and retinol from blood serum were measured as the parameters of antioxidant activities while the hepatocyte and proximal tubule epithelium damage score were used to detect toxicity in liver and kidney. LSD test results showed that the levels of MDA and retinol in the blood serum of the DKKP group were not significantly different (p> 0.05) from those of the DBKM group. A similar situation was also seen for the hepatocyte damage score of the liver and proximal tubular epithelial cells of kidney. The antioxidant activities of vitamin A drop from banana peel carotenoid was equal to that of the vitamin A drop from pure β-carotene. Vitamin A drop from carotenoid of banana peel is safe to be consumed and have no effect on hepatic histopathology and renal proximal tubules. [MKB. 2016;49(1):1–7]   Key words: Ambon banana peel, antioxidant, carotenoid, toxicity, vitamin A drop
The Level of SGOT and SGPT after The Administration of Powdered Colorant Pigment Isolated from Kesumba Keling’s (Bixa Orellana) Seed Coats An experimental study in Balb/C Mice Suparmi, Suparmi; Isradji, Israhnanto; Fatmawati, Dina
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 3, No 1 (2011): Januari-Juni 2011
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (153.703 KB) | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v3i1.411

Abstract

Background: There has been an effort to explore pigment from kesumba keling’s (Bixa orellana) seed coats for a source of natural food colorant. Consumption of pigment from kesumba keling (Bixa orellana) was assumed to cause adverse effects on heart as an important organ in detoxification or inactivation of drugs or other toxic compounds. This study conducted to determine the levels of SGOT and SGPT blood serum of mice (Mus musculus) Balb/C after administration of colorant powder pigment of B. orellana seed coat’s at various concentrations.Design and Methods: The research is an experimental research with Factorial Design with 2 factors. Food Colorant Powder was made from bixin, norbixin, and crude extract pigment isolated from B. orellana seed coat’s. A total of 60 male mice were divided into 10 treatment groups. Powdered colorant solution at the concentration of 0% (control), 1%, 5%, and 10% were orally administered using gavage as much as 1 ml a day for 30 days.Results: Kruskal Wallis test results shows a not significant difference SGOT and SGPT level among the groups (p > 0.05), thus consumption of colorant powder of bixin, norbixin, and the crude extract with various concentrations did not affect the SGOT and SGPT.Conclusion: Colorant powder isolated from B. orellana seed coat’s has been shown to have no effect on the liver function, so it is safe as food colorant (Sains Medika, 3(1):69-77).
The Effect of Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction (CMCE) Propolis Extract Administration on Leydig, and Sertoli Cells Counts, and Sperm Quality Induced With Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) (An experimental study on male Wistar rat induced by monosodium glutamate) Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman; Isradji, Israhnanto
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 10, No 2 (2019): December 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1335.76 KB) | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v10i2.4221

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: ROS is the most common cause of male infertility. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a compound which produces ROS and decreases FSH and LH levels. Continuous Multistage Countercurrent Extraction (CMCE) propolis extract as an antioxidant is evidently capable of reducing ROS concentration.OBJECTIVE: this research aims at evaluating the effect of CMCE propolis extract administration on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of MSG-induced male wistar rats.METHODS: employing the Post Test Only Control Group Design, 18 rats were divided into 3 groups: control group, treated only with MSG (MS-G), and treatment groups, respectively treated with CMCE propolis extract at doses 8.3mg/day (CM8-G) and 10.8mg/day (CM10-G). CMCE propolis extract was given orally for 21 days. At the end of treatment, sperm and testis were taken to evaluate the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality. The sperm obtained from epididymis was analyzed using the WHO standards, while Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were counted from preparation using the HE stain method.RESULTS: the Post Hoc analysis result shows that the Leydig and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of CM8-G and CM10-G are significantly higher than those of MS-G, p<0.05. The Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality of CM10-G are significantly higher than those of CM8-G, p><0.05. CONCLUSION: CMCE propolis extract administration evidently increases the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality from the perspective of the count, motility and morphology of spermatozoa of MSG-induced male wistar rats.><0.05CONCLUSION: CMCE propolis extract administration evidently increases the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells counts and sperm quality from the perspective of the count, motility and morphology of spermatozoa of MSG-induced male wistar rats. 
Effect of Pb-acetate on Testicle Weight and Volume of Mice Isradji, Israhnanto
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 3, No 2 (2011): Juli-Desember 2011
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (159.514 KB) | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v3i2.397

Abstract

Background: The human effort to meet the needs of human life is almost always cause pollution in the environment of his life. One of the pollutants that harm human beings are lead (Pb = plumbum), Pb is one of the heavy metals that are harmful to health. Pb may also affect the reproductive organs. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of Pb-acetate on mouse testis weight and volumeDesign and Method: Eighty male mice placed in individual cages according to the group. Food and drink provided ad libitum. The treatment of male mice given for 6 weeks. Treatment with 0.2 ml distilled water to PI, P II were given a solution of 400 ppm Pb acetate total of 0.2 ml, P III was given a solution of 1000 ppm Pb acetate as many as 0.2 ml, and P IV were given a solution of 2000 ppm Pb acetate total of 0,2 ml by using a gastric sonde, every morning once a day for 42 days. At week 7, mice were surgery to take the testis. Testicular volume was measured and weighed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, hypothesis is accepted when p<0.05, to know the difference between the effect of treatment used the least smallest difference test.Result: The weight of the testes treated with Pb-acetate 0 ppm, 400 ppm 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm consecutive is 0.237, 0.237, 0.227 and 0.217 g, Volume testes treated with Pb acetate concentrations of 0 ppm, 400 ppm 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm consecutive is 0.278, 0.273, 0.255 and 0.263 cm3, respectively testicular volume Anova test results obtained by the probability of 0.189 (> 0.05), testis weight obtained by ANOVA test probability of 0.216 (> 0.05), mean Pb -acetate had no effect on testis weight and volume.Conclusion: Pb-acetate had no effect on testis weight and volume (Sains Medika, 3(2):150-156).
Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) Infusion Increases Concentration of Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone in Male Rats Nihayah, Alida; Nasihun, Taufiqurrahman; Isradji, Israhnanto
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7, No 2 (2016): December 2016
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (494.36 KB) | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v7i2.1174

Abstract

Introduction: Herbal remedies have been developed as a complementary therapy to increase sex hormones. The administration of the ethanolic extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) has been shown to increase spermatogenic cells, motility and morphology of sperm in mice. However, the effect of red ginger infusion on the level of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) has not been done. Objective: to examine the effect of red ginger infusion on LH and testosterone levels of male Wistar rats.Methods: The study was designed as an experimental post-test only control group design. Twenty four male Wistar rats of 200-250 g body weight aged + 3-4 months were divided into four groups. a control group (G-1) was given distilled water 2 ml/day. Group 2 (G-2), Group 3 (G-3), and group 4 (G-4) were treated with 10%, 20%, and 40% infusion by dissolving 2 ml of ginger in distilled water. On day 15, blood samples were taken and assayed for LH and testosterone.Results: The one-way ANOVA test showed difference in levels of LH and testosterone between groups (p <0.001). Post Hoc LSD test results showed that the levels of LH of G-1 (0350) was significantly lower than that of G-2 (1082), G-3 (1 253), and G-4 (0923), p <0.005. While the levels of testosterone in the G-1 (0.2718) significantly lower than the G-2 (0.7797), G-3 (0.8285), and the G-4 (0.9142) (p <0.005).Conclusion: red ginger infusion for 14 days can increase the levels of LH and testosterone in male rats.
HIGH DOSE VITAMIN C ADMINISTRATION EFFECT IN LEYDIG CELLS, SERTOLI CELLS NUMBER, AND SPERM QUALITY ON MALE WISTAR RATS Dwi Juniatiningrum, Ratna; Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman; Isradji, Israhnanto
Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 9, No 1 (2018): June 2018
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1391.138 KB) | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v9i1.2468

Abstract

Introduction: Most infertile male are associated with poor spermatogenesis due to oxidative stress, and can be prevented with vitamin C. However, excessive amount of high dose of vitamin C can hindered and lower the sperm quality. Objective: To prove that high dose vitamin C is capable to decrease the number of leydig cells, sertoli cells, and sperm quality on male wistar rats.Methods: This research was using experimental method with Post Test Only Controlled Group Design. Of 24 male Wistar rats, divided randomly to 4 groups. Normal groups (Nor -G), only given 2 ml/day distilled water; vitamin C group (VC18-G, VC36-G, and VC72-G) given 18 mg/day, 36 mg/day and 72 mg/day vitamin C respectively, dissolved in 2 ml of distilled water. Sperm, the number of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were taken from the epididymis and left right testicle on day 21. Sperm analysis using WHO standard, while the number of Leydig cells and Sertoli cells with HE staining.Results: Mann Whitney analysis indicated that the number of sperm in VC36-G and VC72-G are lower compared to that of Nor-G and VC18-G groups, p <0.05. Post-Hoc LSD analysis showed that the lowest number of Leydig and Sertoli Cell, and the weakest sperm motility and morphology  in VC36-G and VC72-G groups, compared to that of Nor-G and VC18-G groups, p <0.05 .Conclusion: Vitamin C 36 and 72 mg/day were capable of reducing Leydig and Sertoli cells number, and worsen sperm quality, characterized by decreased in sperm concentration, motility and morphology in Wistar male- rats.
The Effect of Propolis Extract on MDA Levels (Malondialdehyde) and Sperm Quality on Epididimis (Experimental Study on Wistar Strain Male Rats Exposed to Kretek Cigarettes) Hoesada, Ivan; Nasihun, Taufiqurrahman; Isradji, Israhnanto
Sains Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 7, No 1 (2016): January - June 2016
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran; Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1203.185 KB) | DOI: 10.30659/sainsmed.v7i1.1165

Abstract

Introduction: Cigarette smoke exposure increase free radicals and effecting male infertility. Propolis is commonly used as supplement to increase antioxidant levels. Objectives: To prove the effect of propolis extract to MDA level and spermatozoa quality on epididymis due to cigarette smokes. Methods: Experimental research post test only control group design using 30 male rats Wistar Strain, 8 weeks old, weighed 200 – 250 gram, randomly divided into 5 groups. K-1 (normal), do not received propolis and cigarettes smoke; K-2 (negative control) exposed to cigarettes smokes 4 buds/ day, did not received propolis; K-3, K-4, and K-5, apart from cigarrete smokes 4 buds/day each were given propolis with 2.9 mg, 5.4 mg, dan 8.3 mg/200g body weight/day for 21 days. On the 22nd day, rats were sacrificed, sperms were extracted from cauda epididymis, and then examined for MDA and sperm quality. Statistical analysis used was one way ANOVA, continued with post hoc LSD with significance level of p<0,05. Results: ANOVA test on MDA level and sperm quality between groups showed significant difference of, p = 0.005. Post hoc test indicated that MDA on K-5 (1,12) is significantly lower compare to K-2 (5,89), p = 0,001. As well as consentration, motility and morphology (spermatozoa quality) which indicated that K-5 (49.32, 64.15, 36.34) is significantly higher compared to K-2 (22.62, 27.27, 21.39), each with p value of p = 0.001.Conclusion: extract propolis 8,3 mg/day for 21 days is proven to increase spermatozoa quality and lower the MDA level on male rats wistar strains’ epididimis exposed to cigarettes smoke.
Effect Of Giving Avocado (Persea americana M.) Juice on MDA and TNF-α Levels Effendi, Anita Putri; Trisnadi, Setyo; Isradji, Israhnanto
Asian Journal of Health and Applied Sciences Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Asian Journal of Health and Applied Sciences (AJHAS)
Publisher : Lighthouse Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53402/ajhas.v2i2.355

Abstract

A Cigarette is one of the free oxygen radicals that interfere with a free radical’s balance and antioxidant in the body. It involves oxidative stress. Oxidative stress involves a failure system that triggers an inflammation response in endothelial class blood vessels that have pinned exiting the inflammation reaction in the form of cytokines, especially TNF-α. It functioned to know the effect of awarding avocado juice to MDA and TNF-α. This research used the experimental laboratory method that approached a post-test-only control group design. The subject of this research used 20 Wister rats, which kind of inclusion. It is shared in 4 sections as random services. Such as K1, K2, K3 and K4. K1 has given a standard weft. It has been done without a smoking display. Meanwhile, K2 has given a standard weft that has used a smoking display for 14 days. K3 and K4 have been given avocado juice doses. It was as much as 2,7g/200g weight/day and 54g/200g weight/day. On the fifth day, the specimen has taken the blood. It could know the results of MDA and Tnf-a. The data analysis used the normality test by Shapiro Wilk, homogeneity, Levene, and one-way ANOVA test. The result of this research has the highest rate. The highest rate was K2. It could be proven for the One-Way Anova MDA and Tnf rate test. It showed a significant difference between categories, which is p=0,000 scores. The conclusion of this research has been giving avocado juice with 2,7g/200g weight/day and 5,4g/200g weight/day. Then, it could reduce the MDA and Tnf-a rate on the Wistar rat. It has been since the smoking display.
The Effect Honey Has on SOD and Caspase9 Levels with Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in Wistar Rats Fentri, Ela; Isradji, Israhnanto; Trisnadi, Setyo
Jurnal Profesi Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Vol 18 No 2 (2024): Jurnal Profesi Medika : Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran UPN Veteran Jakarta Kerja Sama KNPT

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33533/jpm.v18i2.9102

Abstract

Cigarettes are a source of exogenous free radicals which disrupt the balance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, causing oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of giving honey (Mel depuratum) on SOD and caspase-9 levels in Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke. This research used a laboratory experimental approach with a post-test only control group design. 24 Wistar rats were divided randomly into 4 groups then analysis tests were carried out using the One-Way ANOVA test and followed by the Post-Hoc LSD test. The results showed that the mean SOD levels in groups K1, K2, K3, K4 were 73.51 ± 1.68, 21.72 ± 2.23, 52.08 ± 2.03, and 73.51 ± 1.68. The results of the One Way Anova test showed a significant difference in SOD levels with a value of p = 0.000. The results of the LSD Post-Hoc Test showed that SOD levels between groups had significant differences in all groups (p=0.000). The IHK staining results showed that samples K1 and K4 were negative, while K2 showed strong positive and K3 was moderately positive.
Co-Authors .Nasihun, Taufiqurrachman Alida Nihayah, Alida Anggari Linda Destiana Ashar, Dita Ferwina Utari Azizah, Laili Durotul Dina Fatmawati Dwi Juniatiningrum, Ratna Effendi, Anita Putri Fahryzal, Muhammad Fatma, Inge Devita Fentri, Ela Hardec, Adrian Harka Prasetya Ivan Hoesada, Ivan Iwang Yusuf Joko Wahyu Wibowo Ninasara, Yulisa Afriani Rahmawati, Rahmawati Setyo Trisnadi Suparmi Suparmi Suparmi Taufiqurrachman Nasihun Taufiqurrahman Nasihun, Taufiqurrahman