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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan Jurnal Farmasi Higea JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) ad-Dawaa : Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Medfarm: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Unesa Journal of Chemistry Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Bali Medical and Wellness Journal
I Putu Gede Adi Purwa Hita
Program Studi Farmasi Klinis, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Bali Internasional
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Energy Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI TERHADAP EKSTRAK DAUN PORANG DALAM PELARUT EKSTRAKSI YANG BERBEDA I Putu Gede Adi Purwa Hita; Padmidewi Wijaya Kusuma; I Nyoman Arya Purnata Megantara; I Gusti Ngurah Agung Windra Wartana Putra; Ni Wayan Windia Indayanti
Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol. 14 No. 3 (2025): Vol 14 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University, located at Jl Ketintang, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/ujc.v14n3.p70-76

Abstract

The common bacteria that causes diarrhea is Escherichia coli. Therapy for Escherichia coli bacterial infection uses  antibiotics but the use  of  antibiotics that  are relatively high can  cause resistance, so alternative medicines are needed using herbal medicinal plants. Based on the studies, one of the plants that can be used as an antibacterial is the porang plant (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) which is a type of plant that has potential both technologically and commercially in terms of medical, industrial and food. This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity contained in porang leaf extract (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) with 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as solvents. In the antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method with NA media (Nutrient Agar), ciprofloxacin as a positive control, 10% DMSO as a negative control and various concentrations of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. The three porang leaf extracts can produce the greatest antibacterial activity at a concentration of 60%. Antibacterial activity in the ethanol extract of porang leaves had an average inhibition zone of 1.32 ± 0.59 mm, in the ethyl acetate extract of porang leaves it had an average inhibition zone of 0.73 ± 0.10 mm, and in the n- hexane extract of porang leaves it had an average zone resistance of 0.34±0.39mm. The results of this study concluded that the three porang leaf extracts with 3 solvents had a different antibacterial activity but the inhibition zone formed was in the weak category.
Antibacterial Activity of Cananga Extract (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.F. & Thomson) Against Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Bacteria I Putu Gede Adi Purwa Hita; Putu Yudhistira Budhi Setiawan; Ni Putu Wintariani; Dewi anggarini
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/nyc2kg76

Abstract

Background: Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found in the oral cavity, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that can form biofilms. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of 96% ethanol extract of ylang-ylang flowers (Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson) against S. mutans and P. aeruginosa using the disk diffusion method. Methods: This was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Results: The test results showed that ylang-ylang flower extract exhibited antibacterial activity against S. mutans with an average zone at a 40% concentration of 16.6 ± 2.5 mm, categorized as strong. Meanwhile, against P. aeruginosa, the average inhibition zone at a 40% concentration was 7.2 ± 2.2 mm, categorized as moderate. Phytochemical analysis showed that kenanga flower extract contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, monoterpenes, and alkaloids. Conclusion: 96% ethanol extract of kenanga flowers effectively inhibits the growth of S. mutans and P. aeruginosa at a concentration of 40%. These results indicate that kenanga has potential as a natural antibacterial source for development in the pharmaceutical field.
Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Test of Puring Leaf Extract (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss.) in Various Solvents Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) Method Putu Sanitha Jayanti; Dewi Puspita Apsari; I Putu Gede Adi Purwa Hita; I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dharma Randika Putra
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/w0x19h76

Abstract

Background: Free radicals are molecules or compounds that exist independently and possess one or more unpaired electrons. Free radicals may infiltrate the body and damage healthy cells, leading to degenerative disorders. The detrimental effects they induce can be mitigated using antioxidant substances. Antioxidants are substances that inhibit the oxidation of molecules and can neutralize free radicals, even in minimal quantities. The croton leaf (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss.) is a plant in Indonesia with putative antioxidant properties. Purpose: To ascertain the composition of secondary metabolite chemicals and the antioxidant activity present in croton leaf extract (Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Rumph. ex A. Juss.) using 96% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane solvents. Methods: The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) technique and quantified via UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a peak wavelength of 516.5 nm. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of croton leaves exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 11.31 ppm, whereas the IC50 values ​​for the 96% ethanol and n-hexane extracts were 13.55 ppm and 13.16 ppm, respectively. Conclusion: This study's results indicate that croton leaf extract, derived with ethyl acetate as the solvent, displays significant in vitro antioxidant activity as proven by the DPPH assay, with IC₅₀ values ​​close to those of the positive control, vitamin C, highlighting its remarkable free radical scavenging capability relative to extracts obtained with 96% ethanol and n-hexane.
The effect of reducing blood sugar levels from Stichopus hermanii on alloxan-induced rats I Putu Gede Adi Purwa Hita; Putu Yudhistira Budhi Setiawan; Ni Kadek Dwi Sri Mahayani
Pharmaciana Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v16i2.30074

Abstract

Stichopus hermanii, or gold sea cucumber, is a marine organism that can be utilized for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The relationship between observed biological activities and the responsible bioactive compounds is influenced by the solvent used during extraction. The compounds in gold sea cucumber are suspected to reduce blood sugar levels and can dissolve in a polar solvent like water. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the reduction in blood sugar with the administration of gold sea cucumber water extract by a pretest and posttest control group design method, where treatment groups administered gold sea cucumber water extract in each kilogram rat’s body weight at doses of 45 mg, 90 mg, and 180 mg. Before treatment, rats were induced with alloxan to get diabetic condition. Diabetic rats with blood sugar levels over 200 mg/dL were treated once daily for 28 days orally. Blood sugar levels were measured five times and then blood sugar levels were assessed analytically using the GLM-RM method. The positive control group exhibited a reduction of 84.1%, while treatment groups with doses of 45 mg, 90 mg, and 180 mg showed reductions of 72.4%, 76.7%, and 79.9%, respectively. The negative control group showed a reduction of 1.4%. Statistically significant reductions in blood sugar levels were observed in each group and time parameter (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that gold sea cucumber water extract contains bioactive compounds and effectively reduces blood sugar levels in alloxan-induced male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Antibacterial Activity of Siam Weed Extract (Chromolaena odorata L.) Against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria I Putu Gede Adi Purwa Hita; Putu Padmidewi Wijaya Kusuma; Subhan Rullyansyah; Bagus Lanang Arinatha
MEDFARM: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol 14 No 2 (2025): Medfarm: Jurnal Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : LPPM Akafarma Sunan Giri Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.48191/medfarm.v14i2.645

Abstract

Infectious diseases are one of the main health problems in developed and developing countries. The prevalence of nosocomial infections reaches 15.74% and dental caries infections reach 88.8% caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptocuccus mutans bacteria. To overcome bacterial infections, people usually use antibiotics, however, the use of antibiotics that are not appropriate and appropriate to the indications can cause antibiotic resistance or Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). Therefore, this study aims to test the effectiveness of siam weed leaf extract (Chromolaena odorata L.) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause infections. Siam weed leaf extract was prepared using the maceration method with 96% ethanolic solvent accompanied by extract quality control and active compound content testing. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method to see and measure the area of inhibition zone. The results founded that siam extract has good water content, total ash content and weed acid insoluble ash content, which are below 10%, 16.6% and 0.7%. The antibacterial activity test of siam weed leaf extract obtained an inhibition zone diameter of 15.1 mm in Streptococcus mutans bacteria and 18.2 mm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition, siam weed extract also qualitatively contains active secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, phenols and tannins. This concluded that siam weed leaves extract of has a characteristics that meet the requirements, containing secondary metabolite compounds and has antibacterial activity against the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans bacteria.
Co-Authors Bagus Lanang Arinatha Bayu Krisna, I Nyoman Dewa Ayu Putu Satrya Dewi Dewi anggarini Dewi Puspita Apsari Dhiancinantyan Windydaca Brata Putri Febryanti, Ekanur I Gusti Ayu Agung Septiari I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dharma Randika Putra I Gusti Ngurah Agung Windra Wartana Putra I Gusti Septiari I Nyoman Arya Purnata Megantara I Putu Riska Ardinata Ni Kadek Dwi Sri Mahayani Ni Putu Aryati Suryaningsih Ni Wayan Windia Indayanti Padmidewi Wijaya Kusuma Putu Eka Arimbawa Putu Eka Arimbawa Putu Padmidewi Wijaya Kusuma Putu Sanitha Jayanti Putu Yudhistira Budhi Setiawan Subhan Rullyansyah Sutema, Ida Ayu Manik Partha Wartana Putra, I Gusti Ngurah Agung Windra Widowati, I Gusti Ayu Rai - Wintariani, Ni Putu Zainal Firdaus Wardhana