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Determinants of chronic energy deficiency (CED) incidence in pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Banyumas, Indonesia Wati, Erna K.; Murwani, Retno; Kartasurya, Martha I.; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.742

Abstract

Chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women is a condition of energy and protein deficiency that lasts for years and causes problems in the mother and fetus. Due to its significant consequences, determining the determinants associated with CED incidence is of utmost importance. The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of the incidence of CED in pregnant women in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women in Banyumas, Central Java, Indonesia, in 2022. Plausible determinants included maternal age, pregnancy interval, parity, educational attainment, nutritional knowledge, employment, frequency of antenatal care (ANC), and nutritional intake. The Chi-squared test followed by multivariate logistic regression were used to determine the factors associated with the incidence of CED. Our data indicated that 32% of the pregnant women had CED. Univariate analysis found that maternal age (p=0.022), pregnancy interval (p=0.009), educational attainment (p=0.012), knowledge of nutrition and CED (p=0.023), frequency of utilization of ANC services (p=0.028), energy intake (p=0.002), protein intake (p=0.006), vitamin C intake (p=0.016), folate intake (p=0.011), and calcium intake (p=0.004) were significantly associated with CED incidence in the pregnant women. Multivariate analysis indicated that extreme maternal age (OR; 3.49; 95%CI: 1.10–11.05), low educational attainment (OR: 4.12; 95%CI: 1.37–12.33), short pregnancy interval (OR; 7.30; 95%CI: 1.84–28.99), low frequency of ANC (OR: 3.06; 95%CI: 1.01–9.19) and low protein intake (OR: 6.80; 95%CI: 1.62–28.59) were associated with CED incidence. This study underscores the importance of increasing nutritional intake, frequency of ANC, and pregnancy interval among pregnant women to reduce the risk of CED and its adverse health outcomes.
Feeding rats with used cooking oil elevates malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and creatinine compared to tempe fried with used oil Murwani, Retno; Susilaningsih, Neni; Ariyanto, Diaza O.; Ambariyanto, Ambariyanto
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): August 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.853

Abstract

In vivo studies on the hazards of deep-fried foods were commonly done by feeding used- or heated-cooking oil to rats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding tempe deep-fried in palm, olive, and coconut oils and the used frying oil on the blood biochemical profile of laboratory rats. An in vivo randomized control group study with pre-test and post-test was conducted. This study included healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2–3 months and weighing 100−200 grams. After acclimatization, the rats were randomly assigned to seven groups, which were: (1) regular diet (control diet); (2) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used palm oil (Tempe-in-used-Po); (3) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used coconut oil (Tempe-in-used-Co); (4) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used olive oil (Tempe-in-used-Oo); (5) diet of 5× used palm oil (Used-Po); (6) diet of 5× used coconut oil (Used-Co); and (7) diet of 5× used olive oil (Used-Oo). Each rat received 15 grams of a treatment diet daily and blood samples were collected after four weeks for a complete blood count and serum biochemistry analysis. The results showed that the final body weight and the weight gain of Tempe-in-used-Po, Tempe-in-used-Co, Tempe-in-used-Oo group, and Used-Po groups increased significantly compared to the control, Used-Co, and Used-Oo groups. However, there was a significant increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the Used-Co and Used-Oo groups (p<0.05), suggesting the used oil's detrimental effect. The Used-Co and Used-Oo were the only two groups whose creatinine increased significantly (p<0.05). Subsequently, only the Used-Oo group had a significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared to all groups (p<0.05). These results prove that the effect of feeding fried food differs from used oils. Feeding used oil did not reflect the consumption of fried foods as part of the whole diet and generally resulted in more harmful effects. This is the first study to report an in vivo rat feeding study of deep-fried tempe and the used oil as part of the diet.
Protective roles of the red-dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus costaricensis) against the cigarette-smoke harmful effect in Wistar rats Ardhianditto, Decca; Murwani, Retno; Johan, Andrew; Ariyanto, Diaza Okadimar
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 1 (2023): December
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.1.1-8

Abstract

Background:  Many people are exposed to cigarette smoke unintentionally in numerous places worldwide. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, nicotine, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are toxic and can trigger the production of free radicals in the body.Objective: To study the impact of cigarette-smoke exposure twice daily for 30 days on 4-5 weeks Rattus norvegicus L. without or with a daily intake of the juice or ethanol extract of the red-dragon fruit peels H. costaricensis.  Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight 4-5 weeks old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into Control (not exposed to cigarette-smoke), exposed to cigarette-smoke only (Csmoke), exposed to cigarette-smoke and H. Costaricensis-peel juice (JcHc), exposed to cigarette-smoke and had H. Costaricensis-peel extract (ExHc). Cigarette-smoke exposure was given twice daily. The juice (3g/mL) and extract (3.15g/mL) were given for 30 days ad libitum. Feed and drink intake, body weight, and serum biochemistry (MDA, bilirubin, ALT and AST) were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA.Results: The positive control group with cigarette-smoke exposure (Csmoke) had a significant elevation in serum malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine-transaminase (ALT), and aspartate-transaminase (AST) and drinking water intake (p<0.05) but reduced feed intake and body weight (p<0.05). The JcHc and ExHc groups had reduced serum MDA, ALT, and AST and higher body weight and feed intake than the Csmoke, and the extract had a better reduction than the juice (p<0.05). Furthermore, the extract had a lower biochemical profile than the Control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The disturbance in serum MDA, ALT, AST, water and feed intake, and body weight by cigarette smoke was ameliorated by H. costaricensis peel juice or extract daily for 30 days. H. costaricensis peel juice or extract can be used to prevent the adverse effects of cigarette smoke exposure and has the potential to be developed into valuable products.