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All Journal Ulul Albab: Jurnal Studi dan Penelitian Hukum Islam Masalah-Masalah Hukum LAW REFORM Dimas: Jurnal Pemikiran Agama untuk Pemberdayaan Al-Ahkam Diponegoro Law Review El-Mashlahah Economica: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir'ah Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam ADLIYA: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemanusiaan Jurnal Al-Dustur Jurnal Ilmiah Dunia Hukum Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Journal La Sociale Al-Manahij : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Konstitusi Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Ulil Albab Lex Scientia Law Review Indonesian State Law Review (ISLRev)
Afif Noor
Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Pawning Online Game Accounts From a Civil Law Perspective: A Case Study Kamila, Najma; Noor, Afif; Asari, Aang
Journal La Sociale Vol. 6 No. 6 (2025): Journal La Sociale
Publisher : Borong Newinera Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v6i6.2401

Abstract

The use of games today is no longer limited to mere entertainment; the function of games has expanded into sports and business. One unique aspect of games in the business world is the existence of game accounts with significant economic value. Several factors, including quality, demand, and the rarity of items within the account, influence the economic value of a game account. In its development, game accounts are no longer limited to buying and selling; recently, a business entity has utilized game accounts as collateral. This requires further examination from the property law perspective and relevant security law regarding online game accounts. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach, utilizing legal regulations and academic articles as sources of law. The research findings indicate that the owner of an online game account is merely a possessor and does not possess property rights over the account itself, as property rights are inherently tied to ownership. Ownership remains solely with the game developer/publisher, while the player only obtains a license. It is crucial to be aware of the legal limitations, as the nature of the account transfer agreement is invalid because it does not comply with the fourth element of Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code, so any agreement intended to transfer an account is deemed null and void. The pawn scheme from @sytnaxgadaigame is invalid because it does not meet the principles of Security Law.
The Legal Basis of Information Technology Based Cofinancing Services in Indonesia Noor, Afif; Maskur, Ali
Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) Vol. 4 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/walrev.2022.4.2.13520

Abstract

The rapidly growing information technology-based co-financing service (LPBBTI) in Indonesia requires a forceful legal basis for the parties involved in information technology-based financial services. As a rule-of-law country, Indonesia must make the rule of law the commander in chief and guide behavior. This research seeks to find the legal basis of LPBBTI in the laws and regulations of Indonesia, which is carried out by document study and uses a statute approach. The data obtained were then analyzed qualitatively. This research did not find any legal basis for LPBBTI in the law, but there are several laws related to LPBBTI, such as the Civil Code and Law No. 11 of 2008. The legal basis for LPBBTI specifically only exists in the Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 10/POJK.05/2022 and  No. 13/POJK.02/2018.Layanan Pendanaan Bersama Berbasis Teknologi Informasi (LPBBTI) yang berkembang pesat di Indonesia memerlukan landasan hukum kuat sebagai panduan para pihak yang terlibat dalam layanan keuangan berbasis teknologi informasi tersebut. Indonesia sebagai penganut negara hukum harus menjadikan hukum sebagi panglima dan pedoman dalam bertingkah laku. Penelitian ini berusaha menemukan landasan hukum LPBBTI dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia yang dilakukan dengan studi dokumen dan menggunakan pendekatan statute. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisa secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini tidak menemukan landasan hukum LPBBTI dalam undang-undang tetapi ada beberapa undang-undang yang terkait dengan LPBBTI seperti Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata dan Undang-Undang No. 11 tahun 2008. Dasar Hukum LPBBTI terdapat dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 10/POJK.05/2022 dan No. 13/POJK.02/2018.
Maslahah-Based Protection of Fund Recipients in Fintech Lending Through Empowerment and Justice Noor, Afif; Maskur, Ali; Kholiq, Arifana Nur; Rurkinantia, Aisa; Saifudin, Saifudin; Adila, Arina Hukmu; Maruf, Maruf
El-Mashlahah Vol 15 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sharia Faculty of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Palangka Raya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23971/el-mashlahah.v15i1.7786

Abstract

The rapid growth of fintech lending in Indonesia requires adequate regulation and protection for consumers, especially fund recipients, who face high risks such as intimidation and sexual harassment, high-interest charges, and misuse of personal data by fintech lending platforms. For this reason, protecting fund recipients is a primary need because it involves protecting life and property, which is integral to the benefit of maqashid sharia. The main objective of this research was to detail the concepts of empowerment and justice as pillars of protection for fund recipients in fintech lending from a maslahah perspective. The research used normative juridical methods with statutory and conceptual approaches and analyzed secondary data from document studies in a descriptive qualitative. The results showed that empowerment and protection of fund recipients in fair fintech lending align with the principle of maslahah, contribute positively to the welfare of society, and support the growth of a sustainable fintech lending industry ecosystem, and offering hope for a better future.
Digital Economy Regulation and Consumer Rights Protection: Realizing Security in Financial Technology Transactions Noor, Afif; Maskur, Ali; Wulandari, Dwi; Afif, Aqila-Syarief Muhammad; Azmi, Muhammad Fazli
Lex Scientia Law Review Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): November, 2025: Law, Policy, and Governance in Contemporary Socio-Economic Tran
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/lslr.v9i2.24927

Abstract

Financial technology has experienced rapid expansion amidst the digital economic development that has made services more accessible while increasing financial inclusion. The rapid growth of financial technology creates substantial challenges for consumer protection. The primary problems arise from inadequate data protection measures and electronic payment security protocols. The lack of proper security measures and insufficient digital literacy exposes consumers to increasing risks of data theft, phishing attacks, and personal information misuse. This research evaluates the current regulatory structure that defends consumer rights and ensures secure financial operations through technological systems. The study adopts a normative legal research method through statutory analysis. The research shows that Indonesia's regulatory framework extends broad protection but requires modernization to address contemporary technological developments and emerging security risks. Fintech requires a regulatory framework that adjusts to evolving conditions while fostering partnerships to deliver adequate consumer protection.
Legal Frameworks, Transparency, and Oversight: Ensuring Public Confidence in Online Donation Platforms Noor, Afif; Afif, Aqila-Syarief Muhammad; Azmi, Muhammad Fazli; Dwi Wulandari
Indonesian State Law Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian State Law Review, October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/islrev.v8i2.25429

Abstract

The proliferation of digital technology has markedly accelerated the expansion of online donation platforms in Indonesia. Concurrently, with the rise in public engagement in online philanthropic endeavours, several challenges have surfaced, including the potential for fund misuse, lack of transparency, and inadequate oversight mechanisms. This study examines how legal frameworks, transparency, and oversight can collaboratively safeguard and enhance public trust in online donation systems. The methodology employed is a qualitative study with a normative approach involving the analysis of existing regulations, literature reviews, and case studies related to digital donation mismanagement. The findings reveal the lack of comprehensive legal regulations governing online donations, accountability mechanisms among platform providers, and limited public access to financial information. The study further underscores the importance of implementing principles of good governance, utilizing transparency-enhancing technologies such as blockchain, and strengthening independent reporting and auditing systems to prevent fund misappropriation. In conclusion, public trust in online donation systems can only be cultivated through reinforced legal frameworks, increased operational transparency, and oversight involving multiple stakeholders. The study recommends formulating national regulations addressing digital donations, active involvement of independent supervisory institutions, and continuous public education to ensure that the public is informed and aware, thereby establishing a secure, accountable, and sustainable online donation ecosystem.
Legal Protection in Sharia Securities-Based Crowdfunding: A Normative Review of Dual Regulation Noor, Afif; Ghofur, Abdul; Supangat; Fittria, Anis
Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam Vol. 19 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sharia Faculty of State Islamic University of Prof. K.H. Saifuddin Zuhri, Purwokerto

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24090/mnh.v19i2.14749

Abstract

Sharia Securities-based crowdfunding (Sharia SBC) has emerged as a novel financial innovation that integrates Islamic principles with financial technology, expanding investment access in Indonesia. However, this development has also created significant regulatory gaps and legal risks related to data protection, Sharia compliance, information asymmetry, and weak dispute resolution mechanisms. This study examines the adequacy of Indonesia’s dual regulatory model, the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), in protecting investors and ensuring Sharia compliance in SBC. Using normative legal methods combined with comparative and policy-oriented approaches, the study identifies the lack of binding force in DSN-MUI fatwas, the limited role of the Sharia Supervisory Board, and weak enforcement of data security and disclosure standards. Comparative studies from Malaysia and Bahrain suggest that integrating Sharia audits and a centralized dispute resolution mechanism can strengthen legal certainty. These findings underscore the need for regulatory reforms to render DSN-MUI fatwas legally binding, establish a Sharia arbitration body, and mandate annual Sharia compliance audits for SBC operators. These recommendations aim to improve legal certainty, investor protection, and the integrity of Shariabased financial technology in Indonesia.
DIGITAL GOLD IN INDONESIA: BRIDGING REGULATORY AND SHARIA GAPS Noor, Afif; Supangat; Afif, Aqila-Syarief Muhammad; Azmi, Muhammad Fazli
Jurnal Al-Dustur Vol 9 No 1 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30863/aldustur.v9i1.10646

Abstract

This study examines the development of digital gold in Indonesia by analyzing regulatory gaps and Sharia compliance. The primary objective of this study is to assess the extent to which the current regulatory system aligns with Islamic law standards and to address legal ambiguities that impact both market participants and Muslim consumers. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing normative legal analysis and a literature review of financial regulations and fiqh mu‘āmalah principles related to digital gold. Official documents, regulations issued by the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and fatwas issued by Islamic legal institutions serve as data sources. The current regulatory framework lacks adequate integration with Sharia, leading to inconsistent legal practices and unclear standards. This regulatory ambiguity is evident in the status of digital gold as a commodity or financial instrument. Furthermore, the lack of uniform standards regarding gold ownership by selling platforms, storage mechanisms, and transparency of physical gold reserves adds to the uncertainty. In the context of fiqh mu‘āmalah, this violates Sharia principles such as riba (usury), gharar (gharar), bai' al-ma'dum (risk of betting), and maisir (gambling). Without clear regulations, digital gold can be problematic from both legal and Sharia-compliant perspectives. The research demonstrates the necessity to merge positive law with Islamic legal values to establish a legally valid digital gold system that is transparent and Sharia-compliant. The study proposes that regulators, industry stakeholders, and the Sharia Supervisory Board should collaborate to establish standardized practices and regulations. The development of adaptive Sharia-compliant digital gold regulations represents a strategic approach to promoting safe and sustainable growth in digital investment in Indonesia. The findings of this study provide a strong academic foundation for examining the effectiveness of Sharia regulations and governance in digital investment products, highlighting the importance of this research in the development of Islamic finance and digital investment.
Co-Authors Abdul Ghofur Adila, Arina Hukmu Afif, Aqila-Syarief Muhammad Aisa Rurkinantia Ali Maskur Ali Maskur Anwar, Maulana Arifana Nur Kholiq, Arifana Nur Arifin, Moh. Asari, Aang Azmi, Muhammad Fazli Bagas Heradhyaksa Damanik, Ade Zuki Dimas Fahmi Fikri Dimas Fahmi Fikri Dwi Wulandari Dwi Wulandari Dwi Wulandari Fittria, Anis Habib, Muhammad Akmal Ichrom, Mohamad Kamila, Najma Maruf Maruf, Maruf Masriani . Moh. Arifin Muhamad Zainal Mawahib Reza Fachruddin, Mohammad Saifudin Saifudin Saputro, Edy Supangat Syamsiar, Syamsiar