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PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN UPAH TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA (Studi Kasus pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi Perum Perhutani Industri Kayu Brumbung) Santosa, Satria Teguh; Hidayat, Wahyu; Nurseto, Sendhang
Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Volume 4, Nomor 4, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Departemen Administrasi Bisnis, FISIP Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (163.453 KB)

Increased labor productivity is a key factor for the development of a company in order to progress. Definition of productivity itself is a total output resulting from the use of a certain quantity of labor, or the quantity of total output compared with the quantity of labor. One important factor that must be considered firms in an effort to increase the productivity of labor is comfort working environment. Comfortable working environment will be able to generate enthusiasm and excitement employee. Motivational support, a good working environment and conducive and fun will encourage employees to work well too and also recompense in the form of wages more than sufficient to be one of the critical success factors of labor productivity. Therefore, three things need to be considered in improving employee productivity by Perum Perhutani Wood Industry Brumbung. Work environment, motivation and reward have an influence either directly or indirectly in increasing the productivity of labor.This type of research is Explanatory Research. The research sample of 110 respondents. Samples were taken using a non-probability sampling techniques or methods census. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using a data collection instrument (questionnaire) was previously tested through validity and reliability test. While the results of the data analysis is done through the analysis of tables, simple linear regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test with SPSS.The results showed that the work environment , motivation and reward both partially and simultaneously significant effect on work productivity . Based on the calculation of data analysis through a simple regression test concluded that the work environment affect the productivity of labor, work motivation effect on work productivity, and wages influence the work productivity as well as through multiple regression test concluded that the work environment, motivation and reward effect on work productivity shows significant results.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN NILAI NASABAH TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH ( Studi Kasus pada Nasabah Produk Tabungan Simpedes BRI Unit Tugu Semarang) Setiarini, Dita Septi; Nurseto, Sendhang
Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Volume 6, Nomor 3, Tahun 2017
Publisher : Departemen Administrasi Bisnis, FISIP Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (234.57 KB)

offer services but also products offered by the bank. Simpedes is one of the savings products offered by BRI for the village community which then extends to the urban community using the savings products. However, customers of Simpedes savings product at BRI Unit Tugu Semarang have decreased. This is due to several complaints on customer ratings on Simpedes product services. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and customer value on customer satisfaction in customers of savings products Simpedes BRI Unit Tugu Semarang.This type of research is explanatory research, the method of data collection using interviews, data collection tools using a questionnaire with a sample of 100 respondents, customers are saving on Simpedes savings products. The sampling technique by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by using validity test, reliability test, coefficient of determination, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, T test, and F test with the help of SPSS 16.0 program.The results of this study can be concluded that partially these variables have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Service Quality affects customer satisfaction with t count (7,568)> t table (1,9845). The value of customer influence on customer satisfaction with t count (8,373)> t table (1,9845). Simultaneously, the variable of service quality and customer value have an effect on customer satisfaction with result of F count (73,837) > F table (3,0902).Suggestions that can be given in the research is the BRI Tugu Unit need to improve the service quality by adding employees who assist customer transactions at the teller, adding facilities for space services such as chairs and drinking water and provide attractive interest rates on Simpedes savings products.

PENGARUH SALURAN DISTRIBUSI DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KINERJA PEMASARAN (STUDI KASUS PADA UKM FURNITURE KOTA SEMARANG) Sendhang Nurseto
Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Vol 5, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jab.v5i2.16237

Every year the realization of expected production is not in accordance with the desired target. Realization of production every year on average only reaches 90 % of the target. The resulting production also fluctuated every year, almost every year has decreased. These results are certainly not as expected, where craftsmen certainly want to increase production annually. Another phenomenon that shows the weakness of the development of furniture SMEs in Semarang. It was also supported by previous studies that include : a) Lack of distribution channels used , b) Lack of promotional activities that have been performed. The problems in this research are ; a) How does the Infuence of Distribution Channels to Marketing Performance?, b) How does the Infuence of Promotion to Marketing Performance?, c) How does the Infuence of Distribution Channels and Promotion to Marketing Performance simultaneously? Results from this study are, there is an influences of distribution channels for marketing performance , with 5,751 t value and significance 0.000 < 0.005 . There is an influenceof promotion on the performance of the marketing campaign with 8,631 t value and significance 0.000 <0.005 . There is the influence of distribution channels and promotion simultaneously on marketing performance with F count 38.788 and significance 0.000 <0.005 . Suggestions can be submitted by the authorare ; Until now, SMEs Furniture Semarang have enough distributors. There are even some who are able to distribute their products to outside the city .However , according to the researchers there are some things that could be improved . Among other things need to improve is the convenience for the customer visiting the store . Promotion is done by entrepreneurs pretty good , among others, the most Infuenceive is through word of mouth . But it would be better if employers follow the exhibition events held in major cities on a regular basis.

THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER VALUE TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (Case Study on Simpedes Savings Products Customer of BRI Unit Tugu Semarang) Dita Septi Setiarini; Sendhang Nurseto
Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Vol 6, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jab.v6i2.16612

In the competitive situation of banks, banks as an industry engaged in services not only offer services but also products offered by the bank. Simpedes is one of the savings products offered by BRI for the village community which then extends to the urban community using the savings products. However, customers of Simpedes savings product at BRI Unit Tugu Semarang have decreased. This is due to several complaints on customer ratings on Simpedes product services. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and customer value on customer satisfaction in customers of savings products Simpedes BRI Unit Tugu Semarang.This type of research is explanatory research, the method of data collection using interviews, data collection tools using a questionnaire with a sample of 100 respondents, customers are saving on Simpedes savings products. The sampling technique by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by using validity test, reliability test, coefficient of determination, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, T test, and F test with the help of SPSS 16.0 program.The results of this study can be concluded that partially these variables have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Service Quality affects customer satisfaction with t count (7,568)> t table (1,9845). The value of customer influence on customer satisfaction with t count (8,373)> t table (1,9845). Simultaneously, the variable of service quality and customer value have an effect on customer satisfaction with result of F count (73,837) > F table (3,0902).Suggestions that can be given in the research is the BRI Tugu Unit need to improve the service quality by adding employees who assist customer transactions at the teller, adding facilities for space services such as chairs and drinking water and provide attractive interest rates on Simpedes savings products.In the competitive situation of banks, banks as an industry engaged in services not only offer services but also products offered by the bank. Simpedes is one of the savings products offered by BRI for the village community which then extends to the urban community using the savings products. However, customers of Simpedes savings product at BRI Unit Tugu Semarang have decreased. This is due to several complaints on customer ratings on Simpedes product services. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and customer value on customer satisfaction in customers of savings products Simpedes BRI Unit Tugu Semarang.This type of research is explanatory research, the method of data collection using interviews, data collection tools using a questionnaire with a sample of 100 respondents, customers are saving on Simpedes savings products. The sampling technique by purposive sampling. Data were analyzed by using validity test, reliability test, coefficient of determination, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, T test, and F test with the help of SPSS 16.0 program.The results of this study can be concluded that partially these variables have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Service Quality affects customer satisfaction with t count (7,568)> t table (1,9845). The value of customer influence on customer satisfaction with t count (8,373)> t table (1,9845). Simultaneously, the variable of service quality and customer value have an effect on customer satisfaction with result of F count (73,837) > F table (3,0902). Suggestions that can be given in the research is the BRI Tugu Unit need to improve the service quality by adding employees who assist customer transactions at the teller, adding facilities for space services such as chairs and drinking water and provide attractive interest rates on Simpedes savings products.

Pengaruh Saluran Distribusi dan Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran (Studi Kasus Pada UKM Furniture Kota Semarang) Sendhang Nurseto
Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Vol 7, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jab.v7i2.22695

Realization of production every year on average only reaches 90 % of the target. The problems in this research are: a) How does the Infuence of Distribution Channels to Marketing Performance?; b) How does the Infuence of Promotion to Marketing Performance?; c) How does the Infuence of Distribution Channels and Promotion to Marketing Performance simultaneously? Results from this study are, there is an influences of distribution channels for marketing performance, with 5,751 t value and significance 0.000 < 0.005. There is an influence of promotion on the performance of the marketing campaign with 8,631 t value and significance 0.000 <0.005. There is the influence of distribution channels and promotion simultaneously on marketing performance with F count 38.788 and significance 0.000 <0.005. However, according to the researchers there are some things that could be improved. Among other things need to improve is the convenience for the customer visiting the store. Promotion is done by entrepreneurs pretty good, But it would be better if employers follow the exhibition events held in major cities on a regular basis.Realisasi produksi setiap tahun rata-rata hanya mencapai 90% dari target. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: a) Bagaimana Pengaruh Saluran Distribusi terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran?; b) Bagaimana Pengaruh Promosi terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran?; c) Bagaimana Pengaruh Saluran Distribusi dan Promosi terhadap Kinerja Pemasaran secara bersamaan?. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, terdapat pengaruh saluran distribusi terhadap kinerja pemasaran, dengan nilai t 5,751 dan signifikansi 0,000 <0,005. Ada pengaruh promosi terhadap kinerja kampanye pemasaran dengan nilai t 8,631 dan signifikansi 0,000 <0,005. Ada pengaruh saluran distribusi dan promosi secara simultan terhadap kinerja pemasaran dengan F hitung 38,788 dan signifikansi 0,000 <0,005. Namun, menurut para peneliti ada beberapa hal yang bisa diperbaiki. Di antara hal lain yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah kenyamanan bagi pelanggan yang mengunjungi toko. Promosi yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha cukup baik, tetapi akan lebih baik jika pengusaha mengikuti acara pameran yang diadakan di kota-kota besar secara rutin.

Pengaruh Promosi dan Brand Image terhadap Keputusan Pembelian dengan Kepercayaan Merek sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi pada Pelanggan Baru Indihome di Kota Semarang) Hudatama, Budiarmanda Ikhsan; Ngatno, Ngatno; Nurseto, Sendhang
Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jiab.2023.36310

The importance of the internet for all circles makes internet service providers compete to make internet service products with quality connections to win the hearts of customers. In making the decision to choose Indihome, customers consider product choices from various providers through obtaining product information from promotional activities and brand image of the product. This information can affect the level of brand trust from customers to Indihome so that it becomes a consideration for customers to make a decision to install a new Indihome. This study uses non-probability sampling through purposive sampling with a sample of 100 respondents who are Indihome customers in the city of Semarang. The data analysis technique used quantitative analysis which included cross tabulation analysis, correlation coefficient test, simple and multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, t test, mediation test and Sobel test. The results of this study indicate that each promotion, brand image, and brand trust have a positive effect on purchasing decisions with brand trust mediating the respective effects of promotion and brand image on purchasing decisions to install a new Indihome.Pentingnya internet bagi semua kalangan membuat para penyedia jasa internet bersaing membuat produk layanan internet dengan koneksi berkualitas untuk merebut hati pelanggan. Dalam membuat keputusan memilih Indihome, pelanggan mempertimbangkan pilihan produk dari berbagai provider melalui perolehan informasi produk dari kegiatan promosi dan brand image dari produk. Informasi tersebut dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kepercayaan merek dari pelanggan terhadap Indihome sehingga menjadi pertimbangan bagi pelanggan membuat keputusan untuk melakukan pemasangan baru Indihome. Penelitian ini menggunakan non probability sampling melalui purposive sampling dengan sampel 100 responden yang merupakan pelanggan Indihome di Kota Semarang. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif yang meliputi analisis tabulasi silang, uji koefisien korelasi, analisis regresi sederhana dan berganda, uji koefisien determinasi, uji t, uji mediasi dan uji sobel. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan masing-masing dari promosi, brand image, kepercayaan merek berpengaruh positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan kepercayaan merek dapat memediasi pengaruh masing-masing dari promosi dan brand image terhadap keputusan pembelian untuk melakukan pemasangan baru Indihome.

The Influence of Brand Image and Product Quality on Purchasing Decisions for Supermi Products in Semarang City Nurulia, Maylinda; Prihatini, Apriatni Endang; Purbawati, Dinalestari; Nurseto, Sendhang
Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Vol 12, No 4 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jiab.2023.39717

Supermi merupakan pelopor mi instan di Indonesia yang mengalami penurunan Top Brand Index dari 2018 hingga 2022. Salah satu hal yang mendasari perilaku konsumen dalam melakukan pembelian produk adalah persepsi konsumen terhadap citra dari suatu merek dan tingkatan kualitas produk guna memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian Supermi di Kota Semarang. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu 100 responden yang merupakan konsumen Supermi di Kota Semarang. Tipe penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan teknik Non-probability dan purposive sampling serta diolah menggunakan SPSS versi 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa citra merek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian, kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara citra merek dan kualitas produk secara bersama-sama terhadap keputusan pembelian.Supermi is a pioneer of instant noodles in Indonesia, which experienced a decline in the Top Brand Index from 2018 to 2022. One of the things that underlies consumer behavior in purchasing products is consumer perception of the image of a brand and the level of product quality to meet consumer needs. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brand image and product quality on Supermi purchasing decisions in Semarang City. The number of samples used is 100 respondents who are Supermi consumers in the city of Semarang. This type of research is explanatory research with non-probability and purposive sampling techniques and is processed using SPSS version 21.0. The results showed that brand image had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, product quality had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The research results also show that there is a significant influence between brand image and product quality together on purchasing decisions.

Pengaruh Celebrity Endorser dan Brand Awareness Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Somethinc (Studi Pada Konsumen Somethinc di Kota Semarang) Damayanti, Annisa Rahmadila; Listyorini, Sari; Ngatno, Ngatno; Nurseto, Sendhang
Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Vol 12, No 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jiab.2023.39645

Persaingan industri kosmetik di Indonesia yang semakin ketat membuat perusahaan harus mengembangkan strategi pemasarannya dan membangun kesadaran merek agar konsumen dapat mengetahui dan menyadari eksistensinya di tengah-tengah mereka. Celebrity endorser dan brand awareness diduga memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui celebrity endorser dan brand awareness terhadap keputusan pembelian produk Somethinc di Kota Semarang. Tipe penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan teknik pengambilan sampel probability sampling yaitu proportionate stratified sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 100 konsumen Somethinc di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini diolah menggunakan SPSS for windows version 25.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa celebrity endorser dan brand awareness secara stimultan memberikan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Disarankan agar Somethinc perlu memperhatikan penggunaan celebrity endorser selanjutnya yang mampu meyakinkan dan membuat konsumen suka dengan produk Somethinc. Selanjutnya, Somethinc dapat meningkatkan brand awareness melalui social media seperti Instagram dan Tik Tok untuk mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen agar terus memilih dan menggunakan produk Somethinc.The competition in the cosmetics industry in Indonesia is getting tighter, so companies must develop their marketing strategies and build brand awareness so that consumers can know and realize their existence in their midst. Celebrity endorser and brand awareness are suspected as factors that can influence purchasing decisions. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the impact of celebrity endorser and brand awareness on Somethinc products purchasing decision in Semarang City. This type of research is explanatory research with a probability sampling technique, namely proportionate stratified sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 100 consumers of Somethinc in Semarang City. This research was processed using SPSS for windows version 25.0. The conclusion from this study is that the celebrity endorser and brand awareness can simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on the purchasing decision variable. It is recommended that Somethinc needs to pay attention to the use of the next celebrity endorser who is able to convince and make consumers like Somethinc’s products. Furthermore, Somethinc can increase brand awareness through social media such as Instagram and Tik Tok to influence consumer purchasing decision to keep choosing and using Somethinc's products.

Pengaruh E-Security dan E-Service Quality terhadap E-Repurchase Intention pada Jasa E-Commerce Tokopedia (Studi Kasus pada Pembeli Tokopedia di Kota Semarang) Juventia, Dilla Anggie; Listyorini, Sari; Widiartanto, Widiartanto; Nurseto, Sendhang
Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jiab.2023.37145

Perkembangan teknologi di Indonesia menyebabkan pertumbuhan internet yang tinggi dan merubah gaya berbelanja masyarakat dari konfensional ke modern yaitu e-commerce. Perkembangan ini tidak disia-siakan oleh Tokopedia, mengembangkan bisnisnya berupa website dan aplikasi online memberikan kesempatan kepada penjual untuk menawarkan produknya. Kebocoran data yang terjadi hingga saat ini, dan pada tahun 2020 menyeret nama Tokopedia. Pelayanan berupa promosi yang tidak selalu bisa digunakan oleh pengguna baru dan produk yang tidak sesuai saat diterima pembeli, sehinggga terdapat penilaian buruk pada kolom penilaian playstore. Penelitian ini memiliki maksud untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari e-security dan e-service quality terhadap e-repurchase intention pada jasa e-commerce Tokopedia. Tipe pada penelitian ini berupa eksplanatori dengan tehnik pengambilan non probability sampling dan purposive sampling yang melibatkan 100 responden pembeli Tokopedia. Tekhnik analisis penelitian menggunakan alat SPSS versi 26. Hasil penelitian ini e-security berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap e-repurchase intention, e-service quality berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap e-repurchase intention, e-security dan e-service quality berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap e-repurchase intention.Technological developments in Indonesia have led to high internet growth and changed people's shopping styles from conventional to modern, namely e-commerce. This development was not wasted by Tokopedia, developing its business in the form of websites and online applications provides an opportunity for sellers to offer their products. Data leaks that have occurred to date, and in 2020 dragged the name Tokopedia. Services in the form of promotions that new users cannot always use and products that are inappropriate when buyers receive them, so that there is a bad rating in the playstore assessment column. This study aims to determine the effect of e-security and e-service quality on e-repurchase intention in Tokopedia e-commerce services. The type in this study is explanatory with non-probability sampling and purposive sampling techniques involving 100 respondents who buy Tokopedia. Research analysis techniques using SPSS version 26. The results of this study e-security has a significant positive effect on e-repurchase intention, e-service quality has a significant positive effect on e-repurchase intention, e-security and e-service quality have a significant positive effect on e- -repurchase intention.

Pengaruh E-Service Quality dan Customer Experience terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Pengguna Layanan GoFood Mahasiswa FISIP Universitas Diponegoro Semarang) Sagala, Nur Cholis Rina Irawan; Purbawati, Dinalestari; Listyorini, Sari; Nurseto, Sendhang
Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jiab.2023.37303

Gojek is a company that takes advantage of opportunities through technological developments with various achievements and advantages through one of the services provided, namely GoFood, which is undeniable that it will be a competitor in a similar field. Seeing the advantages of Gojek should make GoFood superior to its competitors. This study aims to determine the influence of e-service quality and customer experience on purchasing decisions for GoFood service users in FISIP Diponegoro University Semarang students. This study used the Explanatory research type with a total sample of 100 respondents with nonprobability sampling techniques and data collection techniques with questionnaires and literature studies. The data analysis methods used are correlation test, simple linear regression test, multiple linear regression test, T test, and F test with the help of SPSS For Windows version 21.0. The results showed e-service quality and customer experience partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. In this study, the variables of e-service quality and customer experience were in the very good category and the variables of purchasing decisions with good categories. The suggestion of this study is that it should optimize aspects that are still below the average score of variables and conduct further research by other parties.Gojek merupakan perusahaan yang memanfaatkan peluang melalui perkembangan teknologi dengan berbagai prestasi dan keunggulan melalui salah satu layanan yang disediakan yaitu GoFood yang tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa aka nada kompetitor pada bidang sejenis. Melihat keunggulan yang dimiliki Gojek harusnya membuat GoFood lebih unggul dari kompetitornya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh e-service quality dan customer experience terhadap keputusan pembelian pada pengguna layanan GoFood pada mahasiswa FISIP Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian Explanatory research dengan jumlah sampel 100 responden dengan teknik sampling nonprobability sampling dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan kuisioner dan studi pustaka. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi, uji regresi linear sederhana, uji regresi linear berganda, uji t dan uji F dengan bantuan SPSS For Windows versi 21.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-service quality dan customer experience secara parsial dan simultan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Pada penelitian ini variabel e-service quality dan customer experience berada dalam kategori sangat baik dan variabel keputusan pembelian dengan kategori baik. Saran penelitian ini yaitu hendaknya mengoptimalkan aspek yang masih berada dibawah skor rata rata variabel dan diadakan penelitian lanjutan oleh pihak lain.

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