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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial SIASAT Journal Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Rowter Journal Matondang Journal Economit Journal Polit Journal LingLit Journal Lakhomi Journal
Muhammad Ridwan
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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The Role of Nigeria Traditional Costumes in Cultural Heritage Preservation: A holistic study Babatunde Covenant Olugbenga; Deborah Adedeji; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, June
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/lakhomi.v6i2.1327

Abstract

Traditional Nigerian costumes are vital to the nation’s cultural heritage, embodying history, identity, and artistic expression. This study explores their role in cultural preservation, focusing on rituals, festivals, identity formation, and education. It examines textiles, embroidery, and symbolic attire from major ethnic groups in Nigeria, including the Yoruba’s Aso-Oke, the Igbo’s George wrapper and Ishi Agu, and the Hausa-Fulani’s Babban Riga. Using a qualitative approach, the study employs ethnographic fieldwork, interviews with cultural custodians, and a review of Nike Arts Gallery’s tie and dye techniques. Findings indicate that traditional costumes are more than decorative; they symbolize cultural identity, social hierarchy, and historical continuity. However, modernization, globalization, and mass production threaten indigenous textile-making and costume traditions. Museum exhibitions, educational programs, and collaborations with the fashion industry have emerged as effective preservation strategies. The study concludes that sustaining traditional Nigerian costumes requires a holistic approach, incorporating digital archiving, policy reinforcement, community engagement, and modern adaptations. Enhancing public awareness and supporting local artisans through sustainable initiatives will ensure the survival of these cultural symbols for future generations.
The Role of Ge'ez in Shaping Ethiopian Intellectual Traditions: Contributions to Science, Medicine, Astronomy, Religion, Culture, and Mathematical Thought Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 6 No 3 (2025): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, September
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/lakhomi.v6i3.1394

Abstract

Ge'ez, one of the world’s oldest written languages, has shaped Ethiopia’s intellectual heritage since the Aksumite Kingdom, serving as the liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and a medium for preserving knowledge across disciplines (Ullendorff, 1968). This study investigates Ge'ez’s contributions to science, traditional medicine, astronomy, religion, culture, and mathematical thought, emphasizing its role in Ethiopia’s development. Qualitative content analysis was conducted on 65 Ge'ez manuscripts from the Institute of Ethiopian Studies and digitized collections, supplemented by 12 semi-structured interviews with clergy and scholars. Thematic analysis identified Ge'ez’s impact across disciplines. Ge'ez preserved philosophical treatises, medical remedies, astronomical calculations, and religious texts, including the unique Ge'ez Bible. It facilitated cultural preservation through illuminated manuscripts and supported practical mathematics. Challenges included limited manuscript access and translation barriers. Ge'ez was instrumental in sustaining Ethiopia’s intellectual and cultural traditions, particularly within the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, positioning it as a vital component of African scholarship. Establish Ge'ez research centers, digitize manuscripts, integrate Ge'ez into curricula, and promote its global recognition through UNESCO and cultural programs.
Integrating Ethiopian Indigenous Astronomical Knowledge with Modern Astrophysics: A Framework for Cultural Preservation and Scientific Discovery Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 6 No 4 (2025): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, December
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/lakhomi.v6i4.1434

Abstract

Ethiopia’s rich ethnoastronomical heritage, particularly the Borana Oromo lunar-stellar calendar and similar systems among Amhara, Tigray, Afar, Somali, Konso, and other groups, integrates celestial observation with seasonal forecasting, pastoral mobility, ritual timing, and social organization (Gadaa cycles). These knowledge systems face accelerating threats from elder attrition, urbanization, modernization, and climate variability. Purpose: This study maps the contemporary distribution, linguistic and narrative structure, scientific validity, educational integration potential, and citizen-science documentation pathways of Ethiopian Indigenous Astronomical Knowledge (EIAK), aiming to provide evidence-based strategies for preservation and application. A mixed-methods design combined quantitative visualization (distribution maps, correlation matrices, time-series validation against modern meteorological records), qualitative semantic and narrative analysis, competency assessment in educational pilots, and participatory citizen-science metrics. Novelty: The work offers the first comprehensive synthesis integrating multi-ethnic holder distributions, narrative keyword networks, rigorous predictive validation (r = 0.889 for rain onset, RMSE = 3.3 days), culturally responsive STEM curriculum frameworks, and scalable citizen-science models for an African indigenous astronomy system. Findings: Knowledge is concentrated in Oromia, SNNPR, and Amhara; oral transmission dominates (64.3%); narratives emphasize time, weather, and navigation; predictive skill is high for rain onset and seasonal transitions; low-cost educational models (Community Elder, Cultural Exchange) achieve highest adoption and competency gains; citizen-science programs engaged >18,000 participants with strong sustainability in community-led formats. EIAK is a scientifically valid, adaptive knowledge system with proven forecasting utility and significant educational value, yet urgently requires safeguarding. Recommendations: Prioritize multi-ethnic documentation, large-scale validation, equitable educational scaling, sustainable citizen science, and policy integration.
The Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-5): A Comparative Analysis of Religious, Scientific, and Cultural Perspectives Belay Sitotaw Goshu Journal; Muhammad Ridwan; Arifulhak Aceh
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 6 No 4 (2025): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, December
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

Abstract: This study conducts a comparative analysis of John 2:1-5, the Wedding at Cana, across Ethiopian Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, scientific, and cultural perspectives to explore theological, historical, psychological, and societal interpretations, fostering interfaith and interdisciplinary dialogue. Employing a qualitative comparative design, the study analyzes primary and secondary sources, including liturgical texts, theological commentaries, historical-critical studies, psychological frameworks, and cultural analyses. Findings reveal shared themes of divine power, obedience, and communal values. Ethiopian Orthodox theology emphasizes St. Mary’s intercessory role as the Theotokos, linking the miracle to Eucharistic symbolism and hospitality. Catholic interpretations highlight Mary’s mediation and the miracle’s sacramental significance, while Protestant exegesis prioritizes Christ’s divinity and obedience, minimizing Mary’s role. Historical-critical analysis situates the narrative in first-century Jewish wedding customs, with the water-to-wine transformation symbolizing the new covenant. Psychological perspectives interpret Mary’s and the servants’ actions as models of trust and prosocial behavior. Cultural analyses underscore hospitality, with Ethiopian contexts tying it to divine favor and Mediterranean settings to social honor. Differences emerge in Mary’s role, central in Ethiopian and Catholic traditions, secondary in Protestant, and in focus, with scientific and cultural lenses prioritizing historical and societal contexts. These findings bridge religious, scientific, and cultural interpretations, promoting dialogue and highlighting the passage’s enduring relevance in pluralistic societies.
The Spiritual Implications of Wheat in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church: A Study of Scripture, Liturgy, and Tradition Muhammad Ridwan; Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 6 No 4 (2025): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, December
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

Abstract: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC) possesses a rich theological tradition in which material elements serve as vehicles for spiritual truth. Among these, wheat occupies a distinctive place, appearing throughout Scripture, liturgy, and living tradition. Yet the full spiritual implications of wheat within this tradition have received limited scholarly attention. Purpose: This study investigates the spiritual implications of wheat in the EOTC, examining its significance across three interconnected dimensions: scriptural revelation, liturgical enactment, and living tradition. The research aims to articulate how wheat functions as a multivalent symbol of divine provision, ethical responsibility, and eschatological hope. Methods: The study employs a qualitative approach combining biblical exegesis of Ge'ez texts (including the broader Ethiopian canon) with liturgical theology and analysis of traditional practices. Primary sources include the Book of Enoch (1 Enoch), the Book of Jubilees, and documented liturgical practices, particularly the preparation and distribution of Nifro (boiled wheat) at funerals and memorial services. Findings: The investigation reveals that wheat in the EOTC functions as a threefold symbol. First, scripturally, it signifies God's covenantal provision (Deuteronomy 8:8) and becomes a test of righteousness through the warning against consuming the "finest of the wheat" while neglecting the poor (1 Enoch 36:26). Second, liturgically, Nifro enacts the theology of death and resurrection, transforming hard kernels into life-giving food that proclaims the hope of the General Resurrection (John 12:24). Third, traditionally, wheat connects the faithful to the covenant symbolized by the Tabot and anticipates the Heavenly Banquet. Conclusion: Wheat in the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition embodies a theology that is simultaneously scriptural, ethical, and liturgical, a theology that can be seen, tasted, and shared. The grain encapsulates the Gospel message: death yields to greater life. Recommendation: Further research is recommended on the comparative study of Nifro with other Orthodox memorial traditions (koliva) and on the role of wheat in contemporary Ethiopian Orthodox diaspora communities.
Ancient Ethiopian Cosmology: Indigenous Star Lore, Sacred Astronomy, and Celestial Influences on Culture Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, March
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

Ethiopia possesses a rich and diverse legacy of scientific achievements, yet its contributions to early global science remain underrepresented in scholarly narratives. This study examines Ethiopia's historical role in advancing early scientific thought, focusing on astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and engineering. The objective of this study was to investigate Ethiopia's early scientific contributions in these fields, assess their influence on global knowledge and the extent of their marginalization in contemporary academic discourse, and propose strategies for greater recognition and integration into the global history of science. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative historical text analysis, interpretation of archaeological evidence, and semi-structured interviews with Ethiopian scholars and historians (Bernard, (2017). These methods were selected for their aptness in addressing the multifaceted nature of historical inquiry: textual analysis and archaeological interpretation provided direct evidence of ancient practices, while interviews offered contemporary expert insights into cultural continuity and scholarly gaps. Quantitative statistical analysis was additionally applied to compare the significance and scope of Ethiopia's contributions with those of other ancient civilizations (e.g., through metrics such as documented innovations and chronological parallels), thereby validating qualitative findings with empirical rigor. Results revealed substantial Ethiopian advancements, including sophisticated astronomical knowledge embodied in the Ge'ez calendar, extensive ethnobotanical expertise in medicine with numerous indigenous plants identified for therapeutic uses, and remarkable engineering feats exemplified by the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela, which influenced durable construction techniques. However, these contributions have been systematically marginalized in global scientific histories. In conclusion, reclaiming Ethiopia's intellectual heritage is essential for a more inclusive and accurate narrative of scientific development. Recommendations include digitizing ancient Ethiopian scientific manuscripts, incorporating these achievements into international curricula, promoting collaborative research initiatives, and enhancing public awareness campaigns.
The Hidden Symbolism of Doro Wet: Cultural, Spiritual, and Historical Significance in Ethiopian Christian Tradition Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, March
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

Doro Wet, Ethiopia’s spicy chicken stew, is central to Ethiopian Orthodox Christian culture, yet its spiritual and historical symbolism remains underexplored. This study investigates the dish’s biblical, communal, and regional meanings, drawing on a stratified ethnographic sample of 250 Orthodox Christians (125 male, 125 female; six age groups) across five cities (Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Adama, Bahir Dar, Debre Berhan). Data from semi‑structured interviews, participant observation during feasts, and textual analysis of the Kebra Nagast were analysed thematically. Findings confirm that the twelve chicken pieces symbolise the apostles or tribes of Israel (94.8%), eggs represent resurrection (100%), berbere signifies spiritual zeal (91.2%), and injera embodies the Bread of Life (100%). The dish fosters communal bonding through gursha (98.4%) and devotional preparation (91.6%). Eastern Ethiopia shows no substantive variation in core symbolism; minor adaptations (sorghum injera, added spices) are pragmatic. However, significant generational erosion emerged: participants aged 20–30 retain ancestral narratives at half the rate of those over 45 (41% vs. 98%). A sceptical minority (11.6%) predominantly urban, educated youth question literal Solomonic historicity while still practising rituals. Doro Wet is a profound symbol of Ethiopia’s Christian identity, but its meanings are negotiated across generations. The study recommends urgent documentation of oral traditions, intergenerational kitchen workshops, diaspora research, and culturally sensitive culinary tourism to safeguard this intangible heritage. This research enriches understanding of food as a living theological artefact in African Christianity.
Stairway to Heaven, Cosmos, and Life: A Journey from Mythology to Reality Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, March
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

This review examines the intersection of cultural mythology, cosmological science, and existential philosophy through the lens of Led Zeppelin's iconic song "Stairway to Heaven" (1971). The song's central metaphor a stairway purchased by a woman who believes "all that glitters is gold" serves as a cultural touchstone for exploring humanity's quest for transcendence. Drawing on astrobiology, cosmology, and meaning-centered psychology, this review argues that while the cosmos lacks intrinsic purpose, the very conditions that enable life emerge from cosmic evolution, and meaning can be constructed through conscious engagement with existence. The review synthesizes scientific evidence on the origin of biogenic elements, cosmological constraints on life's emergence, and philosophical frameworks for meaning-making in a purposeless universe.
Celestial categories: How languages encode, structure, and transmit astronomical knowledge across cultures Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture Vol 7 No 1 (2026): Lakhomi Journal : Scientific Journal of Culture, March
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR-Publisher)

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Abstract

Cultural astronomy has long documented how human societies interpret celestial phenomena, yet the linguistic dimension—how languages grammatically and lexically encode astronomical knowledge—remains systematically underexplored. While the sun, moon, planets, and stars present universal perceptual experiences, languages categorize and structure these referents in highly diverse ways, with implications for cognitive science, linguistic typology, and language documentation This paper examines how languages across diverse families encode, structure, and transmit celestial knowledge. Methods: The study synthesizes evidence from five language families (Austronesian, Pama Nyungan, Mayan, Uralic, Indo European) using frameworks from linguistic relativity, semantic typology, cognitive metaphor theory, and the ethnography of communication. Data sources include descriptive grammars, ethnoastronomical literature, oral narrative recordings, and comparative historical linguistics. Celestial lexicons are organized by eight semantic dimensions (brightness, motion, periodicity, visibility pattern, shape, colour, mythological role, functional association). Grammatical systems integrate celestial referents through noun class/gender assignment (e.g., Bantu languages), numeral classifiers (e.g., Japanese lunar phase counters), evidentiality marking (e.g., Tariana obligatory source specification for eclipses), and absolute spatial frames of reference (e.g., Guugu Yimithirr solar anchored directions). Transmission occurs through parent child nighttime dialogue, oral genres (Australian Dreaming narratives, Polynesian wayfinding chants, Maya agricultural instructions), language contact (borrowing and semantic shift), and material gestural modalities (bark paintings, deictic pointing). Case studies reveal universals (sun/moon as primary anchors) alongside language specific structuring (evidential distinctions for meteors, grammatical number for auroral displays). Languages are not passive reflectors of celestial reality; they actively categorize, structure, and transmit skylore through distinct linguistic mechanisms. The findings support a moderate linguistic relativity hypothesis in the domain of natural kinds: grammatical patterns shape habitual attention to celestial phenomena without determining perception.
A Systematic Review of Internet of Things (IoT) Applications in Sustainable Project Management in Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Rowter Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has created significant opportunities for sustainable project management in developing countries, including Ethiopia. As Ethiopia advances initiatives such as the Digital Ethiopia 2030 strategy, smart city programs, and climate-resilient development policies, IoT integration has become increasingly important in infrastructure, agriculture, energy, and environmental management. This systematic review examines the current applications, benefits, and challenges of IoT in sustainable project management within the Ethiopian context. The study employed a structured review methodology using academic databases, institutional repositories, government publications, and peer-reviewed literature. A total of 23 relevant studies and policy documents were critically analyzed using thematic synthesis approaches to identify sectoral applications, sustainability contributions, and implementation barriers. The findings indicate that IoT applications in Ethiopia are concentrated in construction and infrastructure, agriculture, energy systems, and environmental monitoring. IoT technologies improve economic sustainability through operational efficiency, resource optimization, and reduced maintenance costs. Environmental sustainability benefits include real-time monitoring of ecosystems, efficient resource utilization, and climate resilience. Social sustainability outcomes involve enhanced food security, infrastructure safety, and public service reliability. However, adoption remains constrained by inadequate infrastructure, high implementation costs, limited technical expertise, cybersecurity concerns, and weak institutional coordination. The study concludes that IoT technologies possess substantial potential to support sustainable development in Ethiopia. The review recommends increased investment in digital infrastructure, technical capacity building, localized innovation, and stronger regulatory and cybersecurity frameworks.
Co-Authors Abdurahman Adisaputera Abraham Edeh Adebogun Babatunde Olayinka Aduloju Doyinsola Akhimien Emmanuel Alice Blessing Ogundiya Alikor Queen Nneka Aliyah Balogun-Ibijunle Amaka Yvonne Okafor Ambwa Lokula Junior Amédée Gbatea Kundana Amédée Kundana Gbatea Ange Thijenira Loketo Arifulhak Aceh Armand Endowa Doikasiye Aurel Vlad Aymard Papy Bembiade Babatunde Covenant Olugbenga Barsha Biswal Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Belay Sitotaw Goshu Journal Bembi Bosso Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo Benjamin Zoawe Gbolo Bikila Merga Deresa Bikram Biswas Bondombe Gorges-Willy Bright Kelechi Uzoji Briki C. Kakesa Charles K. Moywaywa Clarisse Falanga Mawi Colette Masengo Ashande Colette Masengo Ashande Damas Boboy Manzongo Damien Sha Tshibey Tshibangu Deborah Adedeji Dike Harcourt White Dorothée Tshilanda Dinangayi Duol Dak Maluel Ekpali Joseph Saint Eliane Griep Gomes Bitencourt Emmanuel Blessing Oyiza Emmanuel Kitete Mulongo Emmanuel Moke Lengbiye Eric Msughter Aondover Eser Demir Falguni Roy Ferdi T. Güçyetmez Florin Skutnik Francis Mosala Gabriel Lola Oriloye Gédéon Ngiala Bongo Gédéon Ngiala Bongo Godfrey Alinaitwe Hadiza Abubakar Ahmad Hauwa Kawo Mohammed Hossein Shahri Ibrahim Abdulkadir Idikodingo Anzinzoniwa Faustin Jacqueline Kangu Kobe Jacquie Kangu Kobe Jammy Seigha Guanah Javaid Ahmad Andrabi JB Zanyako Bosanza Jeff Iteku Bekomo John Likolo Baya Jonas Mbaya Kusagba Jonas Nagahuedi Mbongu Sodi Josiah Adewale Apalowo Josiah Adewale Apalowo Joy Collins-Dike JP Mokombe Magbukudua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua Lettiah Gumbo Litucha Bakokola Joseph Loveth Okowa-Nwaebi M. Yoserizal Saragih Majeed Mohamed Fareed Majeed Marcus Garvey Orji Marcus Garvey ORJI Mark Angelo C. Reotutar Masengo Ashande Colette Masens Da-Musa Y.B. Mauricio Bueno da Rosa Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Mihai Pichler Modeste Ndaba Modeawi Modeste Ndaba Modeawi Moein Mirani Ahangar Kolaei Mohammad Nur Ullah Mohammad Taghi Sheykhi Molongo Mokondande Médard Molongo Mokondande Médard Monde-Te-Kazangba Godefroid Monye I. Florence Mostafa Toranji Muhammad Danjuma Abubakar Navaneeta Rath Ngalakpa Héritier Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa Jean-Paul Njoku C. Justice Norie T. Tactay Nweke Pearl Iheoma Obodoeze Chekwube Josephine Ojetola Adetola Afolabi Oke Edward Edherue Okungo Lotokola Albert Olayinka Babatunde Adebogun Ololade Olatunji Ololade Olatunji Lateef Olusola Oladapo Makinde Omolara Akin-Odukoya Omolara Akin-Odukoya Omolara Oluwabusayo Akin-Odukoya Omotola Ogunbola Omotola Ogunbola Onaopepo Ibrahim Bamidele Paulos Manedo Hafebo Perpetua Ogechi Vitalis Philippe Ebuma Dongo Pius T. Mpiana Placide Makwa Mbulola Precious Awosanya Oreoluwa Precious Dube Ramlan Richard N. Amadi Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina Baholy Rokeeb Tunde Afeez Ruphin Djolu Djoza Ruphin Djolu Djoza Sajib Kumar Roy Shittu Lukman Olayinka Solomon Zerihun Songbo Kwedugbu Médard Subulola Etimiri Supper Roland Okijie Sylvester Ojenagbon Tadashi Adino Taffouo Victor Désiré Timothy Ekeledirichukwu Onyejelem Tolga Constantinou Toyosi Khadijat Owoyale Tunmise Daramola Ubong Edem Effiong Uzoji Bright Kelechi Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov Vladimir Valentinovich Kozhevnikov Zubair Shaib Bashir