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All Journal Majalah Forum Teknik UGM Jurnal Rekayasa Proses EKSAKTA: Journal of Sciences and Data Analysis International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Teknosains Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi Lingkungan Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Lingkungan Konversi Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Communications in Science and Technology Jurnal Rekayasa Proses JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Buletin Profesi Insinyur Prosiding Conference on Research and Community Services Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat

Suryo Purwono

Departemen Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Author-ID : 350259

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Studi Injeksi Surfaktan Sodium Lignosulfonat (SLS) pada Media Sandstone dan Limestone Dalam Rangka Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Ariff Trisetia Anggara; Muhammad Mufti Azis; Suryo Purwono
Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia "Kejuangan" 2019: PROSIDING SNTKK 2019
Publisher : Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

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Evaluasi Nilai Difusivitas Ion Kalsium & Magnesium pada Proses "Low Salinity Waterflood" di Batuan Berea Yusmardhany Yusuf; Suryo Purwono; Sang Kompiang Wirawan
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 11, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.28890

In recent years Low Salinity Waterflood (LSW) had been supposed as trusty method to improve oil recovery and the most essential aspect is a alteration of divalent ion concentration in reservoir pore volume as a respon LSW. The objective of this paper are to find divalent diffusivity constant (Ca2+ and Mg2+) in berea sandstone by ionsmass conservation equation along with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) as validation. The study was conducted at 2 berea core having porosity : 0.235 and 0.230 and permeability : 661 mD and 550 mD, we use synthetic formation water accordance to "LN" field property. Experiment was treated by by diluting Ca2+ up to 79% from its original value and by diluting Mg2+ up to 95% from its original value while other ion were maintained fit to their original value. As a result we got difusion constant 0.0620 cm2.min-1 and 0.2667 cm2.min-1for Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively.ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai metode low salinity waterflood (LSW) dalam beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat. Salah satu aspek esensial dalam metode tersebut adalah respon perubahan konsentrasi ion divalent dalam ruang pori reservoir. Penelitan ini bertujuan mencari konstanta difusivitas ion kalsium dan magnesium pada batuan Berea sandstone. Konstanta difusivitas dihitung menggunakan persamaan konservasi massa dan ditinjau secara difusi yang divalidasi oleh atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Penelitian dilakukan pada 2 batuan Berea dengan porositas masing-masing: 661 mD dan 550 mD. Air formasi dibuat secara sintetik sesuai data lapangan "LN". Eksperimen difusivitas Ca2+ dilakukan dengan pengenceran hingga 79% dari konsentrasi awal. Sedangkan eksperimen Mg2+ dilakukan dengan pengenceran hingga 95% dari konsentrasi awal. Sementara itu ion lain diatur tetap sesuai konsentrasi awal. Dari hasil percobaan didapat konstanta difusivitas Ca2+ sebesar 0,0620 cm2/menitdan Mg2+ sebesar 0,2667 cm2/menit.

Modifikasi Sodium Lignosulfonat Melalui Epoksidasi Minyak Biji Kapuk dan Penambahan Kosurfaktan Muhammad Khoirul Anam; Suryo Purwono; Supranto
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31032

The objective of this research is to reduce the interfacial tension of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS). SLS formulation (1%) showed the interfacial tension of 2.34 mN/m. This value is still relatively large when compared to interfacial tention of required surfactant for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The terms of surfactants that can be used in EOR must have ≤10-3 mN/m interfacial tension. The performance of SLS was expected to be improved by adding the epoxide compound and co-surfactants (1-octanol). Epoxide compound was made by reacting kapok oil with acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide with in-situ method. Temperature of epoxidation reaction was varied i.e. 60°C, 70°C and 80°C, while the time of reaction was varied from 15 to 90 minutes. The evaluation showed that equation of the reaction rate coefficient (k) for the epoxide was ????= 124,82 exp (−24,14/RT). The addition of the epoxide compound 0.5% w/w of the formulation SLS was able to reduce the interfacial tension value up to 9.95 x 10-2 mN/m. The addition of co-surfactant (1-oktanol) was varied between 0.1 and 0.4% of the total mass (SLS + epoxide + water formation). The lowest interfacial tension (2.43 x 10-3 mN/m) was obtained by co-surfactants addition of 0.2% w/w. Keywords: Sodium lignosulfonat, epoxidation kapok oil, co-surfactant, interfacial tension, enhanced oil recovery Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan tegangan antarmuka dari sodium lignosulfonat (SLS). Pengukuran tegangan antarmuka yang telah dilakukaan pada formulasi sodium lignosulfonat atau SLS (1%) memiliki nilai tegangan antarmuka sebesar 2,34 mN/m. Nilai tegangan antarmuka dari SLS ini masih relatif besar jika dibandingkan dengan syarat surfaktan untuk perolehan kembali minyak bumi atau enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Syarat surfaktan sebagai agen EOR adalah memiliki nilai tegangan antarmuka sebesar ≤10-3 mN/m. Kekurangan dari SLS diharapkan dapat diperbaiki dengan penambahan senyawa epoksida dan kosurfaktan (1-oktanol). Senyawa epoksida dibuat dengan mereaksikan sabun minyak biji kapuk dengan asam asetat dan hidrogen peroksida secara insitu. Reaksi epoksidasi divariasikan pada suhu 60oC, 70oC, dan 80oC, sedangkan waktu reaksi divariasikan pada rentang 15 dan 90 menit. Persamaan konstanta laju reaksi untuk epoksidasi diperoleh sebesar ????= 124,82 exp (−24,14/RT). Penambahan senyawa epoksida 0,5% w/w pada formulasi SLS mampu menurunkan nilai Tegangan antarmuka hingga 9,95x10-2 mN/m. Penambahan kosurfaktan 1-oktanol divariasikan antara 0,1–0,4% dari massa total formulasi utama (SLS+Epoksida+Air Formasi). Nilai tegangan antarmuka terkecil diperoleh pada penambahan kosurfaktan sebanyak 0,2% w/w, yaitu sebesar 2,43x10-3 mN/m. Kata kunci: Sodium lignosulfonat, epoksidasi, minyak biji kapuk, kosurfaktan, tegangan antarmuka, enhanced oil recovery

Pemanfaatan Cangkang Biji Pala sebagai Briket dengan Proses Pirolisis Rukmana; Suryo Purwono; Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 9, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.31033

The abundance of nutmeg seed shells in Tidore is the reason to study the possibility to produce charcoal briquettes. The use of charcoal briquettes was expected to reduce waste of nutmeg seed shell and can be an alternative energy source with a high economic value. This study aims to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature and composition of tapioca adhesive to resulting quality of briquettes. The first step of the research was the preparation of nutmeg seed shells consisted of drying and size reduction into less than 20 mesh size. Afterward, the powder was put into furnace and heated to 350°C, 400°C, and 450°C for 90 minutes. During the process, volume of gas and liquids were measured every 15 minutes, while gas was sampled at 60-minute reaction. When pyrolysis was finished, about 20 g of charcoal was mixed with tapioca adhesive. The compositions of adhesive were 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Finally, composite was formed in a cylindrical shape and compressed with hydraulic press at f 3 tons weight for a minute. The briquettes were then dried and analyzed with proximate analysis test. The results show that the highest calorific value was 6717.74 cal/g for material pyrolyzed at 450oC and 20% adhesive. The effect of adhesive on shatter index test showed that increasing composition of adhesive makes a better briquette quality as shown by a lower shatter index. In this study, the minimum weight loss was obtained by the addition of 30% adhesive. Keywords: briquettes, nutmeg seed shells, pyrolysis Ketersediaan cangkang biji pala yang melimpah di kota Tidore menjadi dasar dilakukannya penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan cangkang biji pala menjadi briket arang. Penggunaan briket arang diharapkan dapat mengurangi limbah cangkang biji pala dan sebagai sumber energi alternatif ramah lingkungan yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh suhu pirolisis dan komposisi campuran perekat dengan arang cangkang biji pala terhadap kualitas briket. Tahap pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah penyiapan bahan baku berupa pengeringan dan penyesuaian ukuran cangkang biji pala sebesar 20 mesh. Tahap kedua yaitu proses pirolisis dengan cara memasukkan bubuk cangkang biji pala ke dalam tungku pirolisis (pirolisis selama 90 menit dengan variasi suhu 350oC, 400oC dan 450oC). Selama proses pirolisis berlangsung, volume gas dan cairan diukur setiap 15 menit, sedangkan pengambilan sampel gas dilakukan setelah pirolisis mencapai waktu 60 menit. Setelah dipirolisis, arang cangkang biji pala ditimbang seberat 20 gram kemudian bahan ini dicampurkan dengan perekat tapioka dengan variasi komposisi sebesar 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30%. Setelah itu, arang cangkang biji pala dicetak dalam bentuk silinder dan dikempa dengan alat kempa hidrolik dengan berat 3 ton selama 1 menit. Briket kemudian dikeringkan dan dianalisis uji proksimat. Hasil uji proksimat menunjukkan bahwa nilai kalor yang tertinggi sebesar 6717,74 kal/g dimiliki oleh bahan hasil pirolisis suhu 450oC dengan campuran perekat 20%. Pengaruh perekat terhadap uji shatter index menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kandungan perekat dalam briket maka semakin baik shatter index dari briket. Pada penelitian ini diketahui bahwa briket dengan penambahan perekat sebesar 30% mengalami kehilangan berat yang paling sedikit. Kata kunci: briket, cangkang biji pala, pirolisis

Analysis Method of Black Liquor Pyrolysis and Gasification Using Deconvolution Technique to Obtain the Real Time Gas Production Profile Joko Wintoko; Suryo Purwono; Mohammad Fahrurrozi; Bambang Soehendro
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 14, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

In thermal reaction experiments, e.g., pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification, the gas released from the reaction can be analyzed in gas measuring instruments. There will be some time delay due to the relatively long gas travel from the reactor to the analyzers. Besides, there can be some time lag in the gas measuring instrument. Gas dispersion may furthermore occur and thus alter the gas concentration profile. The observed gas concentration, therefore, can be very different from the original gaseous reaction products profile. A mathematical procedure called deconvolution technique will be used to get the original gaseous reaction products concentrations profile. The deconvolution technique is based on the assumption that original data have been altered by a transfer function to yield observed data. By the deconvolution techniques, the transfer function for each data set will be calculated and then can be used to compute the original data. In this study, the deconvolution technique was applied to the concentration profile of gaseous products from black liquor pyrolysis and gasification reactions measured by gas analyzers instruments to obtain the real-time gas concentration profile during the processes. Tracer gases are injected in the reactor To facilitate the deconvolution calculation, and their concentration profiles observed in the measuring instruments are recorded. Gaseous products that are analyzed are CO2, CO, CH4, SO2, and H2S. This technique can successfully provide the real-time gas production concentration profile from the black liquor pyrolysis and gasification reaction. A B S T R A KDalam reaksi termal seperti pirolisis, pembakaran, dan gasifikasi, gas hasil reaksi dapat dianalisis dengan instrumen analisis gas. Akan ada penundaan waktu deteksi karena waktu tempuh dari reaktor ke alat analisis. Ada juga tambahan waktu karena pemrosesan dalam instrumennya. Dispersi gas juga mungkin terjadi yang akan mengubah profil konsentrasi gas.Profil konsentrasi gas yang terdeteksi bisa jadi akan sangat berbeda dengan profil produksi gas yang sebenarnya. Untuk mendapatkan profil konsentrasi yang sebenarnya, dapat digunakan sebuah prosedur matematika yang disebut dekonvolusi. Dalam prosedur ini diasumsikan profil gas telah diubah oleh sebuaf fungsi transfer sehingga menghasilkan profil gas terboservasi. Dengan teknik dekonvolusi, fungsi transfer ini akan dicari sehingga bisa dipergunakan untuk menghitung profil gas sebenarnya. Dalam penelitian ini profil gas hasil reaksi pirolisis dan gasifikasi lindi hitam yang terdeteksi dalam instrumen analisis gas akan didekonvolusi untuk mendapatkan profil produksi gas yang sebenarnya. Untuk itu sebuah gas pendeteksi diijeksikan ke dalam reaktor dan profil konsentrasinya diukur dengan instrumen analisis. Gas yang dianalisis adalah CO2, CO, CH4, SO2, and H2S. Dengan teknik ini profil produksi gas yang sebenarnya dari reaksi pirolisis dan gasifikasi berhasil diperoleh.

DESULFURISASI BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN ASAM NITRAT (HNO3) Muhamad Johar Ardany; Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Y.; Suryo Purwono
Prosiding Conference on Research and Community Services Vol 1, No 1 (2019): Prosiding Conference on Research and Community Services)
Publisher : STKIP PGRI Jombang

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Desulfurisasi batubara merupakan proses penurunan kadar sulfur dalam batubara, dimana pembakaran batubara yang mengandung sulfur dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada alat dan pencemaran lingkungan salah satunya adalah terjadinya hujan asam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kondisi optimal leaching sulfur dalam batubara menggunakan asam nitrat. Metode yang digunakan adalah desulfurisasi untuk memisahkan komponen sulfur yang terikat dalam batubara. Proses desulfurisasi dilakukan selama 2 jam pada temperatur ruang. Optimasi leaching menggunakan asam nitrat dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi 10%-30% dan rasio S/L (15gram/150mL). Dari hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa konsentrasi optimum asam nitrat adalah 15% yang mampu mereduksi sulfur sebesar 57%. Konsentrasi asam nitrat sangat mempengaruhi seberapa besar sulfur yang dapat di reduksi dalam batubara. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam nitrat, semakin tinggi % sulfur yang terambil pada batubara. Pentingnya hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu industri yang menggunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar pabrik mampu menerapkan proses desulfurisasi ini sehingga polusi yang dihasilkan dari hasil pembakaran semakin kecil. Selain itu, proses ini sangat membantu pengusaha batubara yang mengekspor batubara.

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY TEST OF CoMo/ZnO CATALYST ON ETHANOL CONVERSION USING STEAM REFORMING METHOD Wega Trisunaryanti; Handirofa Handirofa; Triyono Triyono; Suryo Purwono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 9, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Preparation, characterization and catalytic activity test of CoMo/ZnO catalyst for steam reforming of ethanol have been investigated. The catalysts preparation was carried out by impregnation of Co and/or Mo onto ZnO sample. Water excess was used in ethanol feed for steam reforming process under mol ratio of ethanol:water (1:10). Characterizations of catalysts were conducted by analysis of metal content using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Determination of catalysts acidity was conducted by gravimetric method of adsorption of pyridine base. Catalytic activity test on ethanol conversion using steam reforming method was conducted in a semi-flow reactor system, at a temperature of 400 oC, for 1.5 h under N2 flow rate of 10 mL/min. Gas product was analyzed by gas chromatograph with TCD system. The results of catalysts characterizations showed that the impregnation of Co and/or Mo metals on ZnO sample increased its acidity and specific surface area. The content of Co in Co/ZnO and CoMo/ZnO catalysts was 1.14 and 0.49 wt%. The Mo content in CoMo/ZnO catalyst was 0.36 wt%. The catalytic activity test result on ethanol conversion showed that the ZnO, Co/ZnO, and CoMo/ZnO catalysts produced gas fraction of 16.73, 28.53, and 35.53 wt%, respectively. The coke production of ZnO, Co/ZnO, and CoMo/ZnO catalysts was 0.86, 0.24, and 0.08 wt%, respectively. The gas products consisted mainly of hydrogen.

CATALYTIC HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE LUBRICANT OIL INTO LIQUID FUEL FRACTION USING ZnO, Nb2O5, ACTIVATED NATURAL ZEOLITE AND THEIR MODIFICATION Wega Trisunaryanti; Suryo Purwono; Arista Putranto
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 8, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Catalytic hydrocracking of waste lubricant oil into liquid fuel fraction using ZnO, Nb2O5, activated natural zeolite (ZAAH) and their modification has been investigated. The zeolite was produced in Wonosari, Yogyakarta. Activation of the zeolite was carried out by refluxing with HCl 3M for 30 min, produced the activated natural zeolite (ZAAH). The ZnO/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by impregnation of Zn onto the ZAAH by ion exchange method using salt precursor of Zn(NO3)2.4H2O. The Nb2O5/ZAAH catalyst was prepared by mixing the ZAAH sample with Nb2O5 and oxalic acid solution until the paste was formed. The impregnation of Zn onto Nb2O5/ZAAH was carried out using the same method to that of the ZnO/ZAAH catalyst resulted ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst. Characterization of catalyst includes determination of Zn metal by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), acidity by gravimetric method and catalyst porosity by Surface Area Analyzer (NOVA-1000). Catalytic hydrocracking was carried out in a semi-batch reactor system using ZnO, ZAAH, ZnO/ZAAH and ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalysts at 450 oC under the H2 flow rate of 15 mL/min. and the ratio of catalyst/feed = 1/5. The composition of liquid products was analyzed by Gas Chromatograpy (GC).The results showed that impregnation of ZnO and/or Nb2O5 on the ZAAH increased the acidity and specific surface area of catalyst. The products of the hydrocracking process were liquid, coke and gas. Conversion of liquid products was increased by the increase of catalyst acidity. The highest liquid product was produced by ZnO/Nb2O5-ZAAH catalyst, 52.97 wt-%, consist of gasoline, 38.87 wt-% and diesel, 14.10 wt-%.

Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica from Beach Sand by Sol-Gel Method as a Ni Supported Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Waste Cooking Oil Siti Salamah; Wega Trisunaryanti; Indriana Kartini; Suryo Purwono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.70415

Mesoporous silica (MS) supported by nickel was synthesized from Parangtritis beach sand and assessed for its activity and selectivity as catalysts in hydrocracking waste cooking oil into biofuel. The synthesis of MS was done by the sol-gel method. Ni/MS catalysts using Ni weight variations of 1, 5, and 10 wt.% were denoted as Ni/MS1, Ni/MS5, and Ni/MS10 and were compared to standard mesoporous silica (Ni/SBA-15). The catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD analysis, N2 gas sorption analysis, SEM-EDX, and TEM. Catalyst Ni/MS1, Ni/MS5, Ni/MS10, and Ni/SBA-15 have specific surface areas of 130.5, 195.9, 203.9, and 381.2 m2/g and the average pores of 12.30, 9.80, 11.12, and 8.70 nm, respectively. The hydrocracking was run four times to evaluate the catalyst reusability. The hydrocracking WCO has 95.8, 82.4, and 85.2%, respectively. While Liquid fractions produced were 38.8, 43.2, and 50.2 wt.%, each of which contains gasoline of 37.09, 39.76, and 44.27 wt.%, Ni/MS10 has the highest liquid products of 50.2 wt.% and was selective to gasoline fractions up to 44.27%. Therefore, the catalyst synthesized from Parangtritis beach sand is selective for gasoline-fraction hydrocarbon and has hydrocracking activity up to 4 runnings.

PENGARUH PASANG SURUT TERHADAP SEBARAN SALINITAS DI SUNGAI KAPUAS KECIL Rizki Purnaini; Sudarmadji Sudarmadji; Suryo Purwono
Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah Vol 6, No 2 (2018): Juli 2018
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/jtllb.v6i2.30239

Sungai Kapuas Kecil sangat dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut, pada musim kemarau intrusi air permukaan sering menjadi masalah bagi PDAM karena menjadi penyebab berubahnya kualitas air baku yang akan diolah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh pasang surut terhadap sebaran salinitas di sungai Kapuas Kecil pada musim kemarau. Penelitian dilakukan di Sungai Kapuas Kecil bagian hilir sepanjang ± 30 km dari batas hulu lokasi penelitian sampai ke muara. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan pada musim kemarau saat kondisi pasang dan surut di 7 (tujuh) lokasi stasiun pemantauan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey lapangan; pengambilan sampel air dan analisis insitu dan eksitu; membuat grafik sebaran salinitas dan menentukan tipe estuari; dan metode statistik regresi-korelasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh pasang surut terhadap kualitas air di Sungai Kapuas Kecil. Hasil penelitian sebaran salinitas secara horizontal di Sungai Kapuas Kecil dari hulu ke hilir cenderung terus meningkat pada saat pasang dengan jarak jangkauan air laut mencapai ± 20 km ke arah hulu sungai dengan nilai salinitas berkisar 1,5 ppt. Sebaran salinitas secara vertikal pada 3 lapisan kedalaman menunjukkan peningkatan salinitas dari lapisan permukaan menuju dasar perairan. Berdasarkan struktur salinitasnya tipe estuari Sungai Kapuas Kecil adalah “tercampur sebagian”. Hasil analisis regresi linier berganda didapatkan nilai koefisien determinasi (adjusted R square) = 0,760, yang secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa pasang surut dan jarak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas air (nilai TDS) sebesar 76 %.

Co-Authors Ady Mara, Ady Ahmad Tawfiequrahman Yuliansyah Ahmad Tawfiequrrahman Yuliansyah Ana Lestari Anak Agung Gede Sugianthara Andriani, Anisa Novi Aprilia Siti Purwanti Arief Budiman Arief Budiman Arief Budiman Ariff Trisetia Anggara Arista Putranto Atika Dwi Farini Bambang Soehendro Bardi Murachman Bardi Murachman Bardi Murachman Budiyansah, Amsal Chitra Ria Ariska dan Suwati Danang Wahyuhono Desi Amalia Fenyka Dyah Mutiarin Dyah Tri Yulianti Eka Sari, Eka Eni Budiyati Fergie Febrina Fitri Trapsilawati Fitriani Fitriani Galuh Almas Darmawati Handayani, Destias Selly Handirofa Handirofa Hanum, Farrah Fadhillah Herni Hasifah Iga Maliga Ignesti Anindia Ikhsana, Mifta Aulia Indriana Kartini Indriana Kartini Jonas Kristanto Karna Wijaya Kartini, Indriyana Mohammad Fahrurrozi Muhamad Johar Ardany Muhammad Irsan B Muhammad Khoirul Anam Muhammad Kusumawan Herliansyah Muhammad Mufti Azis Muhammad Mufti Azis Nurcahyo Iman Prakoso Panut Mulyono Pasca Giffari Jusuf Prima Astuti Handayani Ratna D Kusumaningtyas Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas Rika Harini Rizki Purnaini Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rochmadi Rodiansono Rukmana Rully Septria Rully Septria, Rully Sang Kompiang Wirawan Sarto Sarto Satriyo Dibyo Sumbogo Siti Salamah Siti Salamah Siti Syamsiah Siti Syamsiah Subagyo Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Sudarmadji Supranto Supranto Supranto Sutijan Sutijan Teguh Ariyanto Triyono Triyono Triyono Triyono Triyono Wega Trisunaryanti Wega Trisunaryanti Wega Trisunaryanti Wega Trisunaryanti Wega Trisunaryanti Wega Trisunaryati, Wega Yelmira Zalfiatri Yundari, Yundari Yusmardhany Yusuf

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